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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da forma da partícula na aplicação do Método dos Elementos Discretos (DEM)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-06) SANTOS, Elias Gomes dos; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
This work analyzes the effect of particle shape through the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Are employed four particles with different shapes and sphericity – one spherical and three non-spherical. The repose angle is the main tool to evaluating of the flow. The analysis starts with the calibration of the spherical particle using available literature data, then theses calibrated parameters are employed for the flow simulation of the non-spherical particles. Comparisons are performed on the computational effort, and this information is used to verify the advantages that the spherical particle provides on the three other shapes. In this scenario, procedures were developed to help in the calibration process of the repose angle, based in the knowledge of the sensitivity of some DEM parameters. The results show the influence of non-spherical shapes and, mainly, that is possible to obtain with the spherical shape, similar flows to the non-spherical shapes with computational gain.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos lito-estruturais das minas de ferro N4E e manganês do azul, Serra dos Carajás-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1991-08-06) MARÇAL, Mônica dos Santos; COSTA, João Batista Sena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0141806217745286
The areas of iron (N4E) and manganese (Azul) mines in the Serra dos Carajás region were investigated with emphasis on structural geology, aiming to define the geometric arrangement of the various ore bodies and the kinematic framework, as well as their relationships with the regional structuring. The iron mine (N4E) is subdivided into two segments called Aba Leste and Aba Sul. The lithotypes occurring in this area are represented by friable itabitite (soft hematite HM, hard hematite HD), metajaspilite, metavolcanic rocks and canga. . Most of the rock units are distributed in the form of lenses and discontinuous and wedged bands, with a general orientation N-S on the East Rim and E-W on the South Rim, drawing a “J” with concavity facing northwest. The analysis of the structural elements present in the rocks of the N4E mine, in line with the information available for the Serra Norte region, allowed the characterization of three sets of main structures: the oldest set comprises the mylonitic foliation, the shear zones with oblique riding character, stretch lineation and associated folds; the second set refers to the NW-SE, E-W and N-S ductile transcurrent shear zones that cut and limit the body of N4; the last set corresponds to the folds and crenulations present throughout the entire ore body. These sets of structures are interpreted in the context of a single deformational event. The lithotypes that make up the manganese mine (Blue) are classified into three types: Protomines, Surface Deposits and Subsurface Deposits. Mining is currently being carried out in the central part of the deposit, between the LT00 and LT800E lines, where the ores related to surface and subsurface deposits were identified. The first includes pisolites (PIS), blocks (BL), platelets (PLT) and manganese breccias (BLM), and the second encompasses manganeseiferous mudstones (PM), granulated manganese material (MMG) and massive manganese material (MMM). The various types of manganese ore are wavy, defining synformal and antiformal structures oriented in the E-W direction and associated with strongly inclined thrusts to the north. The N4E and Azul mines are located on the northern edge and in the central-north region of the divergent macrostructure of Serra dos Carajás, respectively. Such a regional geometric arrangement is interpreted as a positive flower structure associated with an E-W sinistral binary. In this sense, the lithostructural units of the two studied areas must be understood as fractions of an inverted transcurrent volcano-sedimentary basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A associação geoquímica Au-As-B-W-Cu-(Sn) em solos, colúvios, crosta laterítica e gossans no alvo Águas Claras-Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-05-07) COSTA, Newton Cunha da; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-0432
The studied area called Alvo Águas Claras, is located in the Mineral Province of Carajás, southwest of the State of Pará, which represents one of the largest mineral provinces in the world. It is an important area for gold research, which has been prospected since 1991 by DOCEGEO, a subsidiary of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce – CVRD. This target is located in a region of dense rainforest cover, whose geological profiles are highly weathered, showing similarities with the gold deposits described in several other regions of West Africa and Australia. In the Amazon region, the older lateritic profiles are undergoing intense alteration since the end of their formation in the Lower Tertiary, with consequent distribution of these profiles and formation of soils or colluviums. The objective of this work is the detailed study of the behavior of gold, on the surface of this truncated lateritic terrain, and its relationship with trace elements such as B, W, Sn and Cu, in latosols, colluviums and outcropping laterite-gossanic crusts in the area. Thus, a detailed geochemical and mineralogical study of this material was developed, in order to assist in the identification of geochemical signatures indicative of the primary nature of mineralizations and associated rocks, in addition to the evaluation of the dispersion and mobility of these elements during the transformations of the lateritic and gossans crusts. in latosols and colluviums, to establish criteria for geochemical prospecting of these bodies in deeply weathered regions. The work methodology consisted of a field phase, developed on the mineralized bodies denominated by DOCEGEO as Corpo da Anomalia Au/As and Corpo do F-23, with the objective of geological reconnaissance of the area, description of the units and collection of samples of surface. The samples collected were mostly oxisols, colluviums, lateritic crusts, gossans, in addition to host rocks (sandstones and siltstones) and quartz veins. The analytical treatment consisted of several phases such as: drying, quartering and separation of 200g aliquots for pulverizing and 100g for separating heavy and insoluble minerals from pre-selected samples, through the highest levels of boron and gold. Petrographic analyzes were performed using an optical microscope with reflected and transmitted light. All samples were submitted to X-ray diffraction analysis, where both the total sample composition and the different domains of complex samples and isolated minerals were analyzed. A detailed mineralogical study was carried out on tourmalines, involving the calculation and refinement of the unit cell parameters. Quantitative analyzes of the minerals, as well as detailed photographs, were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy, with Dispersive Energy System, involving gold particles and other associated heavy minerals. In the geochemical analyses, the following major elements were analyzed: Fe2O3, TiO2, P2O5 through colorimetry; SiO2 and loss on ignition (P.F.) by gravimetry; Al2O3 by titrimetry; Na, Mn, K, Mg by atomic absorption, and some trace elements including Au. In the statistical treatment of data, correlation studies were mainly used, based on Parson's correlation coefficient (r), through binary correlation diagrams, correlation matrices and dendrograms of cluster analysis in R-mode. Isovalue maps were made for Au, B, W, and As, in order to better visualize the surface dispersion of these elements. The geology of the area is characterized by different outcropping and sub-outcropping supergenic materials, which can be juxtaposed in the form of the following composite profile, from top to bottom: Soil horizon (latosol), Colluvium horizon, Lateritic crust and Gossans, the latter being the main gold mineralized bodies prospected in the Águas Claras area. The mineralogy of the entire profile is basically represented by quartz, kaolinite and iron oxides-hydroxides, in different proportions. Accessory minerals such as tourmaline, wolframite, cassiterite and muscovites are frequently found, occurring in varying amounts, practically in all samples. The mineralogical composition found in the various materials analyzed is quite simple in terms of the variety of minerals, but the proportions of the mineralogical phases vary greatly, even within samples from the same horizon. The minerals that represent the greatest distribution among the samples are quartz and hematite. The first occurs abundantly in the oxisol, decreasing significantly in the lateritic crust samples with almost total disappearance in the gossans samples, while the behavior of the hematite is the opposite. The geochemical associations obtained through the multi-elementary analyses: Oxisols: 1) As – Cu – B – Au – W - (Mn) - (Pb); 2) Cr – V – Ga – Mo – Ni – Zn; Colluvium: 1) As – Y – Cu – Mn – Pb – Mo; 2) Au – W – B – F; Lateritic crust: 1) As – W – Au – B – F – Sn; 2) Cu – Ni – Pb – Zn – Sc. The most characteristic geochemical association in all horizons is that represented by Au-B-W-As, possibly with Sn-Cu-F, which must reflect the geochemical signature of the Au-sulfide primary mineralizations, in addition to the influence of the host sediments in addition to the granitic intrusions. Other associations or pairs of correlations involving Cr-V-Ga-Mo-Zn are related to the ease of these elements being incorporated into the structure of iron oxides and hydroxides, abundant in all studied horizons. The gold particles found in the various horizons, have quite varied morphology and purity, which may indicate the presence of several stages of mobilization of this metal in the supergenic environment. As for the trace elements, there are strong anomalies of W, Sn and B, with the minerals responsible for the high levels, respectively, wolframite, cassiterite and tourmaline, the latter belonging to the compositional field of dravita-schorlite, rich in iron , getting very close to the field of ferridravites. Within the above, it can be said that despite the mineralogical simplicity, the concentration of trace elements is quite heterogeneous, but with characteristic signatures that remain in different horizons and that allow delineating the mineralized supergenic bodies and inferring the composition of the primary bodies. The understanding of the dispersion and the characterization of these geochemical signatures prove to be of great importance in geochemical prospecting, in the exploration of other bodies of similar nature in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da diversidade de insetos hematófagos da subordem Nematocera e de vertebrados silvestres: transmissão de arbovírus na área de influência do Projeto Salobo, Carajás, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MONTEIRO, Hamilton Antonio de Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Aiming to evaluate the diversity of hematophagous insects and sylvan vertebrates, as well as the arbovirus fauna present in the area, a longitudinal study was performed in the Salobo Project area, Mineral Province of Carajas, Pará state, Brazil, between December 2005 and June 2007 (seven scientific expeditions), before the action of mineral extraction be launched. Insects belonging to the families Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Psychodidae, and Simulidae were collected using the miniature CDC and Shannon light traps, and human bait; sylvan vertebrates (birds, small mammals and reptilians) were also captured in the are using Shermann and Tommahwak traps. Biological specimens from insects and vertebrates were used to attempt of virus isolation in suckling mice, while the vertebrate serum samples to determine the antibody prevalence to 19 arboviruses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. A total of 44,795 (1,220 lots) hematophagous insects were collected, mostly of Psychodidae. The most abundant species of Culicidae were Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemgogus janthinomys; a total of 1,288 vertebrates were also captured; the rodents Proechimys guyannensis and Oryzomys capito, and the birds Turdus albicolis and Phlegopsis nigromaculata were the most prevalent species in the area. Three Tucunduba virus strains were isolated from lots of Anopheles (Nys.) sp., Culex coronator and Wyeomyia sp. HI antibodies were found to Bussuquara virus, Cacipacore virus, Icoaraci virus, Ilheus virus, Mucambo virus Rocio virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and western equine encephalitis virus. The most prevalent arbovirus by HI was the SLEV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cálculo de ar induzido pela queda livre de materiais granulares via CFD
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-17) LIMA, Leandro Ferreira Borba; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The proposal of the work consists of presenting an analysis method via ANSYS-Fluent using the DDPM tool (Dense Discrete Phase Model) of the integrated Eulerian multiphase model, a better understanding of the flow of granulated material with the adjacent induced air due to the drag provided by the free-falling particles, which result in the generation and propagation of dust, avoid simulations with materials where particle density and diameters are variable. The use of this analysis tool will make it possible to improve and improve de dusting projects in industries that work with granular materials that emit dust. The simulations carried out were compared with other computational methods and practical experiments, in addition to previous theoretical formulas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de polímeros unidimensionais (Poliacetileno, Poliazina e Poliazoeteno) através de cálculos espectroscópicos e transporte eletrônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) LEAL, José Fernando Pereira; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
In this work is presented a theoretical investigation of the neutral and bipolarononlike ground and excited states of molecules and polymers isoelectronic composed by Polyacetylene, Polyazine and Polyazoethene. The results obtained, utilizing DFT and ab initio methodologies, reveal that a very good defects description can be important in the investigation of insulator-metal transition of quasi-unidimensional polymers indicating metallic behavior around the Fermi level as mechanism of conductivity of polymers. This result is consistent with experimental data and do not anticipate by Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) methodology. These results are consistent with significant features as a nanodevice and can be summarized as: (i) it could be used as single directional molecular rectiffer with a conformational geometry with small lead coupling; (ii) our non-equilibrium green function simulation present that Polyacetylene, Polyazine and Polyazoethene could rectifield without gate current; (iii) based on properties of bonds type, it can be utilized to design devices with applications in molecular electronics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização estrutural e ultraestrutural das células do epitélio gonadal de Hypophthalmus Marginatus (Valenciennes 1840) durante a espermatogênese
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-05) GONÇALVES, Liziane Amaral Barbosa; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
Hypophthalmus marginatus is a siluriforme, belonging to the family Pimelodidae. This species is highly consumed in eastern Amazonia and has a wide socio-economic importance to the region. Studies on the histological characterization of the reproductive system are still unknown in this species. Therefore, this study serves as a tool for biotechnology techniques, necessary for the production in captivity, since this species is one of the fishing resource most intensively exploited by artisanal fisheries. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and ultrastructural features of germinal epithelium cells of Hypophthalmus marginatus during spermatogenesis. 168 specimens were collected from December 2011 to December 2012. Macroscopically were identified 69 adult males. In field, ventral incision was held in fishes and fragments of testicles from the median region and semen were removed. Then the material was subjected to processing and analysis of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning. The data revealed that the germ cells proliferate inside the spermatic cyst synchronously. Spermatids enter at the spermiogenesis process through three distinct stages of cell differentiation. The nucleus does not move relative to the axis flagellar and the centrioles don't migrate to the nucleus. The spermatozoids showed a spherical head with the highly condensed nucleus and no acrosome. The intermediary piece was short containing a single long flagellum. The axoneme presents the structure of microtubules within the pattern (9 + 2). The nuclear fossa housed the proximal centriole partially. The presence of spermatogenic cells in the same subphase of meiosis inside the cyst is characterized as cystic spermatogenesis, with synchronous growth of the cells. This suggests that spermiogenesis of H. marginatus is of type III and the presence of nuclear fossa is considered a distinctive feature for the species, which differs from other pimelodids.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de túnel de vento para avaliação de bicos de pulverização no abatimento de poeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-20) SANTOS, Danilo Silva; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Mining is extremely important economically and socially for the industry, especially iron ore, but along with its benefits, it also has environmental impacts generated in different ways, such as dust. This inconvenience has caused disruptions to mining enterprises, such as production shutdowns and heavy fines, as well as problems for people who work in the companies and surrounding communities, due to health problems associated with inhaling dust and dirt from the environments, making them unhealthy and devalued. Dust control mechanisms have been widely studied and one of these is dust control using spraying of suppressant solutions. Studying the efficiency of spray nozzles has become of great importance and bench tests act as efficient means of understanding the mechanism of dust abatement from minerals. Research has been common to use wind tunnels. Thus, a tunnel was built capable of evaluating 5 different nozzles and their efficiencies in suppressing pellet feed and sinter feed at two speeds and different water pressures. It was concluded that the tunnel is capable, through the methodology used, of evaluating and comparing the best nozzle, demonstrating that it is an important tool in consolidating this knowledge in the Fluid Dynamics and Particulates Laboratory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um túnel para secagem e emissão de minério em condições ambientais controladas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-15) SILVA, Artur José Cunha da; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
A dust emission is present in the various stages of the mineral industry, from extraction in mines to ship loading in ports. Transport in train wagons, storage in stockpiles and handling are three major sources of particulate emissions into the atmosphere. Suspended dust does not only affect the local environment, as the wind transports the particulates and brings disturbances to urban centers close to railway networks and ports. Larger particles are deposited on surfaces, outperforming visual surfaces, and smaller, unresearched particles with a size between 10 and 2.5μm are easily inhaled and lodge in lung tissue, potentially causing irritation or necrosis. Dust emission is enhanced by local atmospheric conditions, which cause the evaporation of surface moisture from the wet ore, breaking the liquid bridges that keep the particles linked together. Aiming at studying the dynamics of drying ore, a drying tunnel was designed and built, comprising a wind tunnel, cooling, heating and humidification equipment that are interconnected by a supervision and control system. The use of the bench for drying studies using sinter feed is known to be satisfactory, as the temperature remained stabilized at the setpoint during the drying time, reflecting the good calibration of the temperature PID controller. Moisture and ore mass were automatically measured using a scale and a capacitive moisture sensor positioned in the test section of the bench. The constant rate and descending rate drying curves only in the lightest weather conditions. The biggest limitations and variations were observed only in the period with decreasing drying rate, showing the influence of environmental conditions on the drying dynamics. Therefore, this work leaves as a contribution the preparation tunnel for future research and an experimental database for the calibration of numerical models and models of mathematical models for prediction prediction.
Desconhecido
Desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de integridade estrutural baseado em rede de sensores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-12) NUNES, Flávio Hernan Figueiredo; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
The objective of this dissertation is show the design of a structural integrity monitoring system, employing sensor network. The project of sensor node allows many kind of sensors, such as electrical strain gage, accelerometer, temperature sensor, humidit sensor, also the sensor node is capable of communicating via wireless and wired technology. In contrast to conventional systems that are centralized and employ long cables, the use of a sensor network is a decentralized approach, allowing the sensors are closer to the conditioning circuit, this brings certain bene_ts, such as reducing the length of the sensor cables decreasing the uptake of electromagnetic noise and decrease the impedance of the cable, improving the response signals generated by sensors. They will be presented details of the circuit and the sensor node communication.
Desconhecido
Efeitos do processamento artesanal de raízes de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e plantas de malva (Urena lobata L.) sobre a hidrobiogeoquímica de microbacias do Nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) PIRES, Camila da Silva; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2388049759708934
Cassava and caesar weed are among the mainly products of the familiar agriculture in the Northeast of the Pará State. To treat these products the small farmers used to sink amounts of cassava and caesar weed in small streams (regionally named as "igarapés"), to make peal softer and remove its toxic compounds, in the case of cassava, or to promote defibrating in the case of the caesar weed. The effects of these practices to the stream water quality are poor known. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the potential impacts of these practices to the fluvial hydrobiogeochemistry in the "igarapés" of these region. We adopted the strategy of collect stream water samples before the washing point of these products, in the washing point, and ten meters after this point. For a clearer understanding of the feasible alterations of the water chemistry due to cassava and caesar weed washing it was conducted besides the field monitoring a controlled input and output discharge tank experiment. In both approaches it was measured in the dissolved material the following hydrobiogeochemical: pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, as well as total nitrogen total and organic and inorganic carbon. Our results point out that these cassava and caesar weed washing processes contribute to alter the fluvial hydrobiogeochemistry of these small streams only locally. However, some of the observed local alterations remained along at least ten meters downstream the products washing points. In the tank experiments the alteration were observed clearer and a cluster analysis confirmed the hypotheses that these rude treatments of the studied agriculture products contributes to change the fluvial hydrogeochemistry of the monitored small streams. The study recommends some precautions regarding to the evaluated products treatments and also the adoption of some parameters measurements to monitor these impacts.
Desconhecido
Estimação da porcentagem de flúor em alumina fluoretada proveniente de uma planta de tratamento de gases por meio de um sensor virtual neural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-22) SOUZA, Alan Marcel Fernandes de; OLIVEIRA, Roberto Célio Limão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497607460894318; AFFONSO, Carolina de Mattos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2228901515752720
The industries have been often seeking to reduce operating expenses, as to increase profits and competitiveness. To achieve this goal, it must take into account, among other factors, the design and implementation of new tools that accurately, efficiently and inexpensively allow access to information relevant to process. Soft sensors have been increasingly applied in industry. Since it offers flexibility, it can be adapted to make estimations of any measurement, thus a reducing in operating costs without compromising the measurements, and in some cases even improve the quality of generated information. Since they are completely softwarebased, they are not subjected to physical damage as the real sensors, and are better adaptated to harsh environments with hard access. The success of this king of sensors is due to the use of computational intelligence techniques, which have been widely used in the modeling of several nonlinear complex processes. This work aims to estimate the quality of alumina fluoride from a Gas Treatment Center (GTC), which is the result of gaseous adsorption on alumina virgin, using a soft sensor. The model that emulates the behavior of a alumina quality sensor the plant was created using an artificial intelligence technique known as Artificial Neural Network. The motivations of this work are: perform virtual simulations without compromising the GTC and make accurate decisions based not only on the operator's experience, to diagnose potential problems before they can interfere with the quality of alumina fluoride; maintain the aluminum reduction pot control variables within normal limits, since the production from low quality alumina strongly affects the reaction of breaking the molecule that contains this metal. The benefits this project brings include: increasing the GTC efficiency, producing high quality fluoridated alumina and emitting fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and increasing the pot lifespan.
Desconhecido
Estratégias baseadas em análise multicritério para seleção de tecnologia de acesso de primeira milha em padrão ISDB-T
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-23) SERUFFO, Marcos César da Rocha; FRANCÊS, Carlos Renato Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7458287841862567
This thesis proposes the development of a planning strategy that combines: load characterization of a typical Digital TV, extraction of a weight vector from belief networks, and multicriteria decision making with analytical methods (TOPSIS and ELECTRE III), providing decision support at the service providers; in order to enable the optimal choice for the return channel technology (ADSL2 +, PLC, WiMAX and 3G), considering the typical load of an interactive Digital TV scenario, standard ISDB-T. The proposed strategy has five steps: definition of return channels and performance metrics; performance measurements of access technologies in real scenarios; scenario simulation; apply correlation techniques to generate the weight vector; and application of analytical decision making for choosing the best technology to be implemented in a given scenario. As main result a generic and flexible model is presented, validated with a case study for ordering the preference of the evaluated technologies.
Desconhecido
Estudo de nanofios de Au e dendrímeros
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-12) COSTA, José Francisco da Silva; CHAVES NETO, Antonio Maia de Jesus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3507474637884699
First part of this work is about the classical molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of matrix systems of parallel nanowires of Au as a function of time. The results find the time of collision between the wires of the array. The second part of this work is using classical molecular dynamics simulation for five generations of PAMAM dendrimers, each interacting individually with a carbon nanotube as a function of time resulting in a molecular motor. Furthermore, it were calculated the absorption spectra of this system and it was found that they could be nanomotors controlled by light. For all these systems were calculated kinetic energy, potential, speed, thermodynamic properties as molar entropy variation, molar heat capacity and temperature in situ. These quantities provide us with valuable information about the behavior of these systems.
Desconhecido
Estudo geocronológico e de geoquímica isotópica da área Pojuca (Província Mineral de Carajás - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-03-15) SOUZA, Sandro Rogério Balieiro de; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136
The Pojuca area, located in the northern portion of the Mineral Province of Carajás (southeast of the State of Pará – Brazil), presents Archean units such as: metavolcano-sedimentary sequences of the Igarapé Pojuca Group, with important deposits of Cu (Au, Ag, Mo); deformed granites (Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite); sedimentary rocks of the Águas Claras Formation; and metagabbroic dykes. The Pojuca Granite is an intrusive Proterozoic body in Archean rocks. Geochronological and isotopic geochemical studies were carried out on these lithologies using the methods Pb-Pb by evaporation in zircon, Pb-Pb in whole rock and phosdspar and Rb-Sr in whole rock and minerals (all results calculated with deviations of 2σ) . In the metavolcanic rocks of the Igarapé Pojuca Group two distinct types of zircon (metamictic and non-metamictic) were observed. Metamitic zircons show high contamination of foreign Pb, possibly caused by the action of hydrothermal fluids during thermal events (Archaean regional metamorphism, intrusions of the Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite and the Pojuca Granite). The non-metamictic zircons did not show Pb amounts detectable by the mass spectrometer. The analyzes carried out by the Pb-Pb method in whole rock and feldspars did not provide good results due to the dispersion of the analytical points in the graph 206Pb/204Pb vs. 207Pb/204Pb. However, the values of the Th/U ratios (2.5) indicated a mantle source for the metavolcanic rocks. The Pb-Pb method by zircon evaporation was successfully applied to the Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite, obtaining an age of 2560 ± 37 Ma, interpreted as the minimum crystallization age of these rocks. Confirming for this body an Archean age close to that previously obtained by the Rb-Sr method in whole rock (2480 ± 40 Ma), being the same correlated to the age of the Ancient Salobo Granite (2573 ± 2 Ma, U-Pb in zircon). Analyzes by the Pb-Pb method on whole rock and feldspars did not provide good results on the Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite. The ages obtained (1597 ± 13 Ma and 2215 ± 86 Ma) indicate a disturbance of the Pb isotopic system, possibly caused by the intrusion of the Pojuca Granite. This same event affected and rehomogenized, on a mineral scale, the Rb-Sr system of this body, as indicated by the Rb-Sr age in whole rock and minerals (1810 ± 57 Ma). In the Pojuca Granite, only one zircon made it possible to obtain an age of 1873 ± 59 Ma, similar to the previously obtained U-Pb age in zircon (1874 ± 2 Ma). Using the Pb-Pb method in whole rock and minerals, the age of 1856 ± 23 Ma was obtained for the Pojuca Granite, also interpreted as the crystallization age of the body. The value of µ = 10.5 ± 0.32, as well as the high ratios 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb, indicate a crustal source for the granitic magma. The zircons of metagabbroic rocks (dikes) are petrographically similar to the metamict zircons of volcanic rocks. It is not possible to obtain satisfactory geochronological results. In the rocks analyzed by the Pb-Pb method in whole rock and feldspars from the Pojuca area, very high 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios were found. In the Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite and in the Pojuca Granite these ratios are interpreted as a product of the enrichment of the source magmas of these granites in the U and Th elements. In metavolcanic rocks it is believed that the high ratios reflect an isotopic contamination due to hydrothermal fluids associated with the intrusions of the Itacaiúnas Deformed Granite and the Pojuca Granite. Plotting the Pb isotopic ratios on the 206Pb/204Pb vs. 208Pb/204Pb, 204Pb/206Pb vs. 207Pb/206Pb and 204Pb/206Pb vs. 208Pb/206Pb, it is noted that each studied unit occupies a different domain. However, there is a slight overlap between the fields defined by the isotopic ratios of the metavolcanic rocks and the Pojuca Granite, which may indicate contamination of the metavolcanic rocks by granite.
Desconhecido
Estudo químico e atividade antibacteriana do fungo endofítico Scedosporium apiospermum de Bauhinia guianensis e de fungos da Serra de Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-22) CORDEIRO, Jorgeffson da Silva; MARINHO, Patricia Santana Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4826647905254039; MARINHO, Andrey Moacir do Rosario; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2511998363000599
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that lives in association with the host species, and they're a promising source of important natural products. With a equal importance, the soil fungi also are capable of producing so many substances of economic value. Thus, the following work was objective to obtain bioactive composts produced by endophytic fungi M. acutistipula var. ferrea and soil Carajás Saw, besides the endophytic S. apiospermium from liana of Bauhinia guianensis Auble. The species M. acutistipula var. ferrea, were isolated 56 endophytic and 64 soil fungi. They were randomly, selected, 12 fungi to be reactivated in Petri dishes containing PDA medium. After reactivating the micro-extracts of 12 fungi were obtained as the adapted methodology Smedsgaar. The micro-extracts were evaluated by HPLC-DAD to determine the chromatographic profile and, also, submitted antimicrobial testing. The FSF 12 (trichoderma sp.), selected after the screening of chemical and biological profile was grown on a large scale in a solid medium (rice) and led to the isolation of five substances: fatty acid polyunsaturated (E1), 5'-inosil (E2), tyrosol (E3), harzialactone A (E4) and 2-anhydro mevalonic (E5). In relation to the fungus EJCP13 (S. apiospermium) where compounds isolated, triacyl (J1), ergosterol peroxide (J2), ergosterol (JA19), cerivisterol (JA29), methylester (JA24), dulcitol (D), and brefeldin A (JA). The compound Brefeldin A showed significant antimicrobial activity and, also, proved to be the major secondary metabolite in extracts from S. apiospermium. Thus, it decides to quantify a substance in the extract, which corroborate results, which indicate the presence of brefeldin A only in AcOEt and the hexane extracts. The isolation of the substances was performed by chromatographic techniques, such as CCVU and, monitoring, by ADCC. The chemical structures were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC), and spectrometric (ESI-MS).
Desconhecido
Experimento em escala de emissão de poeira no processo de empilhamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-25) CASTRO, Maycon Magalhães; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; MACHADO, Luis Paulo Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702289670734922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-3632
Dust emission can lead to health problems, explosion risk, material segregation and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the parameters related to dust generation to improve particulate emission control techniques. Dust reduction based on spray spraying is the main method to prevent and control dust emission in ore stacking. Dust suppression techniques at conveyor belt transfer points can be subdivided into material spraying and trapping of fugitive particles. To analyze the parameters associated with dust generation during ore stacking, a scaled conveyor bench was developed for dust suppression tests via water spray. This installation is equipped with spray nozzles whose relative location on the belt can be adjusted and the speed of the conveyor can also be controlled. The spray jet is provided by a set of spray module and flow divider, allowing the variation of the system pressure and with the possibility of using suppressors, which can increase the efficiency of particle capture. Dust suppression performance is analyzed by monitoring strategic points with the highest dust emission. The results of this investigation show that dust generation increased as the drop height increased, it was observed that the region close to the pile emits a higher concentration of dust, due to the impact of the material flow on the stacking surface, in compared to the front region of the flow. The results after using the spray on the belt showed that the highest drop height (1600 mm) emitted the highest concentration of particles (3192.72 μg/m3) after spraying, on the material, the dust concentration reduced by about almost 70%, showing the efficiency of spray humidification. It was also observed that PF has a higher critical humidity than that of SF, as well as that it emits a higher concentration (1116.52 μg/m3) compared to Sinter feed (848.14 μg/m3), making it evident that by as it is a material with a smaller granulometry, the pellet feed tends to emit a higher concentration of particulates when handled.
Desconhecido
Geoquímica dos sedimentos superdiciais de fundo do Estuário do Rio Maracanã, NE do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-05) DELFINO, Smaily Bastos; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429
The Maracanã estuary is located in the northeastern of Pará State, within the Extraction Marine Reserve (Law 9.985/00), which has as primary goal to the sustainable use and conservation of the renewable ressources, protecting living conditions and the culture of the population, which consists of fisherman, small seliers and the local community. Due to its environmental characteristics, this area represents an important pole for the regional development. In this work, one of the aims was to search a geochemical formality to an interpretation of analytical results related to the geochemistry of the superficial sediments of the estuary of Maracanã bottom in order to determine the amount of heavy metais (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) of the granulometry with smaller fractions than 0,64 tem by atomic absorption spectrometry, to obtain the current inexistent background leveis. In the Maracanã estuary, it was registered much more silt-clay fraction than sand fraction, besides mineralogical similarity that indicates presence of kaolinite, illite and smectite. The amount of organic matter (MO) (5,4±0,70%) in sediments was homogeneously distributed. The pH didn't vary much, only between weakly acid (6,48) and weakly alkaline (7,13). Heavy metais - 1) in Maracanã river estuary cadmium concentrations were under of the equipment detection limit (0,009 ppm); 2) Cobalt varied from 46 to 55 ppm (50,97 ± 2,31 ppm) in total fraction, and from 5 to 7 ppm (6 ± 0,37 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 3) Cromo varied from 126 to 152 ppm (140,33±6,56 ppm) in total fraction and from 17 to 24 ppm (20,73±1,7 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 4) Copper varied from 17 to 21 ppm (18,97±1,19 ppm) in total fraction and from 6 to 9 ppm (7,0 ± 0,69 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 5) Iron varied from 3,4 to 4,6 % (4,14± 0,24 %) in total fraction and from 1,5 to 1,9 % (1,66± 0,1 %) in bio-available fraction; 6) Manganese varied from 293 to 545 ppm (423,53±74,63 ppm) in total fraction and from 168 to 499 ppm (335,1±91,3 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 7) Nickel varied from 44 to 53 ppm (48,77 ± 2,27 ppm) in total fraction and from 7 to 9 ppm (8,03±0,56 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 8) Lead varied from 42 to 48 ppm (45,63±1,69 ppm) in total fraction and from 14 to 17 ppm (15,13±0,78 ppm) in bio-available fraction; 9) Zinc varied from 72 to 85 ppm (78,83±3,44 ppm) in total fraction and from 26 to 32 ppm (29,43±1,65 ppm) in bio-available fraction. Concentration values of the bio-available heavy metal analyzed are smaller than those VGQS (Guide-Value of Sediment Quality), established by the "Canada Environmental Agency" (AAC) and the "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"(NOAA), indicating that it should rarely occur bad effect on local biota. Considering that the area is an extraction reserve and that were not found evidence of anthropic contamination associated with the heavy metais, neither in their total fractions nor in their bio-available fractions in the Maracanã estuary, it is possible to consider that the data obtained from both analyzed geochemical fractions of heavy metais represent a value dose to the characteristical background of the region. Therefore, the Maracanã estuary is a reference cite to study the biogeochemistry and ecotoxicoiogy of the sediments of similar environments in Coastal of the Pará State. Besides that, the data obtained in this work can provide a subside for future geochemical and environmental surveys in the area, once that concentration ranges and reference values for many heavy metais that are present in the bottom sediments of this estuary were established.
Desconhecido
Influência da convecção termossolutal na transição colunar/equiaxial em ligas Al-Si sob condições unidirecionais e transitórias de extração de calor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MOUTINHO, Andréa Moreira; MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0667768010106721
The macrostructure of cast ingots consists of three different zones, that is, the chill, columnar, and equiaxed zones respectively. The origin of each one has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical researches in the field of metallurgy because of the well-known correlation between grain structures and mechanical properties. The structure is almost determined in the solidification process, so it is essential to control the solidification process. Despite this effort there is as yet no way that the macrostructure of an ingot can be predicted nor even any clear agreement on how the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) actually occurs. The CET during solidification has been studied for many years and experimental observations show that the position of the CET and the size of the equiaxed grains is dependent on thermal conditions associated with the casting process including alloy system, alloy composition, melt superheat, mold temperature, mold material, heat-transfer coefficients at the metal-mold interface, cooling rate, casting size, melt convection, transport of solute, and the concentration of nucleating particles. The objective of this contribution is the presentation of experimental results on the CET in three hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys during the horizontal unsteady-state directional solidification in a cooled mold. The thermal contact condition at the metal/mold interface was also standardized with the heat extracting surface being polished. Thermocouples have been connected with the metal, and the time– temperature data have been recorded automatically. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is applied to quantitatively determine the solidification thermal parameters such as transient heat-transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, and cooling rates which affect the structure transition. The experimental and calculated values have shown a very good agreement. A comparative study between the results of this article and those from the literature proposed to investigate the CET during upward vertical solidification of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys is also presented.
Desconhecido
Um método para classificação de imagens de satélite usando Transformada Cosseno Discreta com detecção e remoção de nuvens e sombras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-28) SIRAVENHA, Ana Carolina Quintão; PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
This work proposes a supervised algorithm for classi cation of remote sensing images. It is composed by three stages: removal or smoothing of clouds, segmentation and classi cation. The removing clouds method uses homomorphic ltering to deal with obstructions caused by the presence of clouds and the Inpainting method to remove or soften the presence of dense clouds and shadows. The proposed segmentation and classi cation approaches are based on AC power coe cients of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Classi cation is used in the supervised mode. An image database is used to evaluate the implemented algorithm. This database is composed by 14 images obtained from various sensors, which 12 have some kind of obstruction. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Kappa coe cient metrics are used to evaluate the removal or smoothing of clouds and shadows method. In this stage, several high-pass lters were compared to choose the most e cient. The image segmentation task is evaluated by the Edge Border Con dence (EBC) and the classi cation task is evaluated by the measure of the relative entropy and by the mean squared error (MSE). The resulting images are presented to allow the subjective evaluation by visual comparison. The experimental results show the e ciency of the proposed algorithm, especially when compared to the Spring software, distributed by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE).