Teses em Geografia (Doutorado) - PPGEO/IFCH
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Navegando Teses em Geografia (Doutorado) - PPGEO/IFCH por Assunto "Amazon"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Antropoceno na Amazônia: holoceno em curso ou prelúdio de uma nova época geológica do homem?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) PONTE, Franciney Carvalho da; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056The Natural Domains of the Brazilian Amazon present a high biogeographic diversity, favored by the complex geological substratum and equatorial climate, both predominant in the Amazonian landscape, located in the northern portion of Brazil, covering an area equivalent to 40% of the national territory (~3.7 million Km2). Human expansion in the Amazon has produced a series of transformations in its natural resources. In this sense, this work aimed to perform a retrospective on the trajectory of human beings in the Amazonian domains, through the spatialization of anthropogenic evidences and analysis of anthropogenic indicators, likely to be associated with precepts of the Anthropocene, made possible by a geographical perspective. The analysis raised the aspects of both morphoclimatic and phytogeographic domains, highlighting their dominant landscapes and natural systems, through biophysical compartmentalization, working as a substrate in the analysis of the dynamics of socio-spatial events and the materialized evidences of human action in the landscapes, under a broad temporal spectrum - the Holocene. The research was based on a holistic and integrative approach of variables, related to both natural and socio-spatial aspects, from a systemic vision, aimed at sizing and measuring the patterns of use of natural resources, the anthropogenization degree of natural domains and the proposition of anthropogenic landscapes/structures. In this sense, the research revealed that these domains currently present a very significant anthropogenic percentage of approximately 70%, the result of a broad and diverse socio-spatial dynamic, which attributed to the region a marked variability of human macrosystems and semi-natural landscapes embedded in apparently natural ecosystems. However, it was detected that this estimate is probably underestimated, if we consider the evidence, according to a cumulative perspective, reaching a value around 150%, that is, 50% above the total area of the study, which denounces a high anthropogenic pressure in the region. Given the above, and considering the Anthropocene precepts, centered on the anthropogenic conception, it is suggested that the Amazon region contains anthropogenic landscapes, substantially altered, for at least four thousand years AP, when much of its domains were already occupied and significantly used and managed by human groups.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Os fluxos de produtos agrícolas comercializados pelos agricultores familiares nas feiras no município de Marabá-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) AMADOR, Angel Marques; CHAVES, Patricia Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368656524963047; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-5565-1412; LIMA, Ricardo Angelo Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1993748824383678; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-422XThis thesis on marketing in the family farming fair circuit of Marabá, in the southeast of Pará. The objective was to analyze the contribution of the role of fairs to establishing material living conditions for rural families of farmers and strengthening peasant activity in this part of the Amazon territory. The research sought to identify and learn about the two fairs studied and how the development of the lower food marketing circuit works, seeking to understand the social and economic characteristics developed by family farmers. In this aspect, the settlement responsible for the majority of food production that is sold at the city's main fairs was studied, as well as its importance in the flow of food. As a methodological aspect, the starting point is part of a broad bibliographical and documentary research on the struggles of rural workers for land in the 1970s, the year in which the city's main fairs were created. The field research offered necessary tools that made it possible to collect information through semi-structured interviews, where families of farmers, market traders and consumers at the fairs were interviewed. As a result, it is possible to point out that the forms of commercialization at fairs contribute to maintaining the material living conditions of family farmers, strengthening the struggles of rural workers and protecting the environment with family agricultural production, and with commercialization, the gains Monetary funds return to city commerce when purchasing building materials, household appliances, accessories, among others, in stores. It is observed that production in the Alegria Settlement contributes beneficially to the maintenance of ecosystems and biodiversity, and that there, much of the food produced is used to sell the main fairs in the city of Marabá.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produção do espaço ribeirinho na Amazônia: uma análise a partir do contexto espacial em comunidades das ilhas de Abaetetuba-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) FERREIRA, Denison da Silva; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273The analysis undertaken here aims to emphasize the riverside dimension of space in the Amazon region of Tocantins in Pará, taking as its starting point the insular portion of the municipality of Abaetetuba, Northeastern Pará State, locally known as the ―Abaetetuba islands‖. We defend as a guiding thesis the existence of a riparian space production process in the Amazon, with regard to the study area, which is not an ―isolated‖ process, but integrates the broader movement of production in the regional space. The research is structured in four moments or analysis axes, preceded by the final considerations. At first, dissolved in the first chapter, we describe general aspects about the empirical spatial context from which we are proposing the construction of the research, that is, the Amazon region of Tocantins and particularly the islands of Abaetetuba. This is a preliminary characterization of the empirical reality to be studied, where aspects referring to both the territorial configuration and the riverside social dynamics will be considered. In the second and third moments (understood in the second and third chapters), we propose an exercise of regression, that is, of reconstituting some historical-spatial processes that had important correlations with the production of riverine space in the region, especially in the islands of Abaetetuba, such as the creation of the villages commanded by the missionaries during the first phase of Portuguese colonization in the region; the creation of captaincies and land grants; the establishment of Indian directories; the introduction of black slaves in the region; as well as the more systematic development of the sugarcane mills economy already in a post-colonial situation. In the fourth moment, we propose a return to the riverside spatial context in the present time, seeking to understand it in a more enlightened, resignified way. At this point, we take as a starting point the political organization strategies, especially those linked to land use, in view of their correlations with the dynamics of production in the riverside space. In line with the purposes of the research, we chose the (social) production of space as the guiding theory, placing the debates in the horizons opened by the dialectical perspective raised mainly in the writings of the philosopher Henri Lefebvre, whose foundations proved to be pertinent and adaptable to the development of the analysis proposed here. We start from the principle that the social practices projected in a given space also translate into space production practices. This production, however, does not refer strictly to the production of things, objects, or goods, but refers its understanding to the existence of social relations, which includes the production of objects and the production of space in a broad sense. It is from this perspective that we raise this analysis with the islands of Abaetetuba as the empirical locus of the research.