Dissertações em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (Mestrado) - PPGNBC/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2375

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PPGNBC) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Alterações morfo-funcionais em córtex isquêmico de animais tratados com transplante autólogo de células mononucleares da medula óssea
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-08) BARBOSA JUNIOR, Mário Santos; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644
Statistical data show stroke as the second leading cause of death and leading cause of disability among all other diseases in the world. The ischemic stroke (ischemic stroke) accounts for about 87% of incidence of strokes. In ischemic stroke, inflammation acts in restraint of infarction caused by ischemic stroke, and on the other hand the intensity of the inflammatory response in neurodegeneration and consequently influence the functional loss. The autologous cell therapy, mononuclear bone marrow cells, promotes modulation in neuroinflammation, being timely during an ischemic event for reduction of tissue loss and functional. In the present study, we used an experimental model of focal ischemic stroke to assess morphological and functional effects of autologous implant mononucleres bone marrow cells (CMMOs) on the morphological and functional changes related to ischemic stroke. We demonstrate in this study that the autologous BM-MNC in acute or acute and subacute periods of ischemic event, promoted neuroprotection and inflammatory modulation able to rebound in preservation and functional recovery in specific activities. We also show that the treatment enhanced in subacute period, the ischemic event, was able to promote increase in morphological and functional improvements promoted by autologous transplantation in acute period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade antiinflamatória e neuroprotetora da Edaravona no córtex sensóriomotor primário de ratos adultos submetidos à isquemia focal experimental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-12) ARAÚJO, Sanderson Corrêa; BORGES, Rosivaldo dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783661132100859; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Stroke is a neural disorder originated from blood flow decreasing or interruption, making inadequate energy supply in the region, thus promoting tissue damage. The stroke can be divided in hemorragic or ischemic. The ischemic stroke is more prevalent and can occur through thrombosis or embolism. The ischemic pathology has multiple interrelated events like excitotoxicity, peri-infarct depolarization, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. An element of fundamental importance in ischemic pathology is the microglial cell, whose activity is closely linked to the progression of environment harm. A therapeutic alternative in the treatment of stroke is a pyrazolone called Edaravone. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Edaravone dose of 3mg/kg in primary sensorymotor cortex after focal ischemic lesion. Edaravone treated animals (N = 10) and animals treated with saline solution (N = 10) in the survival time of 1 and 7 days after the ischemic event was evaluated. Treatment whith edaravone showed by histopathological analysis with cresyl violet a reduction of 49% and 66% in infarct size in animals in survival time 1 and 7 days respectively. Immunohistochemistry studies for microglia/macrophages assets (ED1+) demonstrated a reduction in the presence of ED1+ cells in 35% and 41% survival times for 1 and 7 days, respectively. Neutrophils (MBS-1+) were reduced to 64% only in animals with survival times a day. Harmful patterns were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was tested by ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0,05.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito combinado do exercício físico e da degradação da matriz extracelular na plasticidade do córtex cerebral após isquemia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-14) CASTRO, Ketlin Jaquelline Santana de; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
Cerebrovascular diseases are major cause of neurological disability and death in Brazil, and more than 80% of them are caused by ischemic stroke. The survivors subsist with a variety of sensory, cognitive and motor deficits. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to promote functional recovery in this patients. After ischemia, there is an increase in the inhibitory molecules expression as proteoglycans of chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) presents in the extracellular matrix of the nervous tissue. The removal of these molecules, as well as physical exercise, have been used as strategy to induce another window of brain plasticity and improve functional recovery. In this work, we running experimental ischemic injury on sensorimotor areas forepaw representation (S1/M1) and tested associations between removal of CSPGs and physical exercise in n=16 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). To delivery drugs to the forepaw representation in the cerebral cortex, we used a biomembrane previously ChABC-saturated or BSA-saturated and all animals had 21 days of survival divided in: Control group or BSA; Exercise group; ChABC group; and ChABC + Exercise group. The lesion area was no different across groups (control: 0,48±0,12; exercise: 0,46±0,05; ChABC: 0,50±0,18; ChABC+exercise: 0,50±0,18; ANOVA and Tukey post-test). Animals that were subjected to CSPGs enzymatic removal showed immunostaining for anti-chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) antibody in lesion area at the end of survival, with no evidence of CSPGs degradation in Control and Exercise groups. We evaluated the functional recovery of affected paw running vertical exploration test and ladder rung walking test. The vertical exploration test showed ischemic injury did not cause extensive functional loss, not changing exploratory behavior, or the use frequency of the affected forepaw after injury (Control group: baseline (0,03±0,10), 3d (0,29±0,17), 7d (0,30±0,10), 14d (0,29±0,16) e 21d (0,27±0,13) days after injury; Exercise group: baseline (0,30±0,12), 3d (0,32±0,24), 7d (0,19±0,37), 14d (0,31±0,10) e 21d (0,32±0,09) days after injury; ChABC group: baseline (0,34±0,07), 3d (0,20±0,11), 7d (0,23±0,07), 14d (0,33±0,14) e 21d (0,39±0,16) after injury; ChABC + Exercício group: baseline (0,34±0,04), 3d (0,20±0,09), 7d (0,26±0,04), 14d (0,18±0,08) e 21d (0,27±0,04) after injury (ANOVA and Tukey post-test). The group that only had removing CSPGs presented a better performance on Ladder rung walking test but at the end of the 21-day survival, the control groups and ChABC + Exercise reached a spontaneous recovery (equivalent to pre-injury test) reaching the ChABC group. The group treated with Exercise did not achieve the spontaneous recovery showing a motor performance significantly lower than other groups at all times of reevaluation (baseline: 8,40±0,28; 3d: 4,30±0,48; 7d: 4,75±0,50; 14d 5,35±0,41; 21d: 5,05±0,67; ANOVA and Tukey post-test). We conclude that the removal of CSPGs early improves motor performance in the affected forepaw after stroke on sensoriomotor cortex but associate with specific physical exercise doesn’t improve functional recovery.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indução de plasticidade cerebral por remoção da matriz extracelular após lesão isquêmica no córtex sensório-motor de ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-14) SOARES, Soanne Chyara da Silva; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
Stroke is the third major cause of mortality and disability in whole word and the major cause of death in Brazil. After ischemic injury, functional deficits are generally severe and permanent, because Central Nervous System has a limitated capacity of regeneration. This limitated regeneration is caused, among other factors, by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) accumulation in injury site, what causes inhibition of plasticity in extracellular microenvironment. Chondroitinase-ABC enzyme (ChABC) has been studied to remove CSPG, showing good results in increasing plasticity. This research aimed to evaluate effects of CSPG removing in rats submitted to ischemic injury in sensory-motor cerebral cortex. To achieve the aim, there were used 20 Wistar rats, divided in 4 experimental groups (control and treated) of 7 and 14 days of surviving times. There was induced ischemic injury in sensorymotor cortex by microinjections of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor peptide. Treatment was done with an implantation of an ethyl-vinyl-acetate polymer saturated with ChABC (treated-group) or BSA (control group). In morphological analysis, we evaluated injury area. There was no significant difference between treated and control groups, as can be seen in means of each group: control 7 days (1653,8 ± 162,57mm²), treated 7 days (2067,3 ± 235,42mm²), control 14 days (1267,16 ± 280,6mm²), treated 14 days ( 1323,8 ± 297,05mm²). Number of astrocytes was evaluated too, but there was no significant difference between treated and control groups, as we can see in means: control 7 days (16,6±4,67 cells/field), treated 7 days (21,07±1,87 cells/field) control 14 days (17,46±0,80 cells/field), treated 14 days (18,51±2,60 cells/field). The expression of degraded chondroitin was evaluated in qualitative analysis, showing major expression in treated-groups, 7 and 14 days after injury. In behavioral analysis, we have done two functional tests. In cylinder test, treated animals had less asymmetry in 7 days after injury, with significant difference in relation to control group. In horizontal ladder test, treated animals had less difference between surviving groups than control animals. In 7 days after injury, treated animals had the same performance of preoperated baseline. Behavioral performances showed that ChABC was efficient in to increase performances in earlier times of surviving. This means that CSPG removing opens plastic window in ischemic injuries, without influence in injury size or number of astrocytes in glial scar, but with functional increment. New studies have to be done, associated ChABC to supporting therapies in ischemic injuries treatment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Neurogênese endógena induzida por acidente vascular encefálico experimental após inibição da ativação microglial/macrofágica com o anti-inflamatório indometacina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-16) LOPES, Rosana Telma Santos; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Stroke results from the transitory or permanent reduction of cerebral blood flow. It can be classified as hemorrhagic or ischemic. Ischemic stroke is responsible for around 87% of all cases. This acute neural disorder is the second cause of mortality and disability around the world and the main cause of death in Brazil. It has been shown that neuroblasts migrate to the ischemic striatum following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and partially replace neurons lost during ischemia. Nevertheless, most of the migrating neuroblasts die in the first weeks following MCAO and inflammatory events, mainly microglia activation, may underlie neuroblast death. In this study, we investigated the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory indomethacin on microglial activation, neuronal preservation and adult neurogenesis following experimental MCAO in adult rats. Animals were submitted to endothelin-1 induced- MCAO and treated (i.p) with indomethacin (N=8) or sterile saline (N=8) for 7 days and perfused at 8 or 14 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess neuronal loss (anti-NeuN), microglial activation (anti-Iba1 and ED1) and migrating neuroblasts (anti-DCX). The numbers of NeuN, ED1 and DCX positive cells per field were counted in the ischemic striatum or subventricular zone. Indomethacin treatment reduced microglial activation in general and the number of ED1+ cells at both 8 and 14 days (±6,9 and ±3,0 cells respectively) postinjury, compared to control (±7,9 or ±6,5 cells, p<0.001, ANOVA-Tukey). There was an increase in the number of DCX+ cells in both subventricular zone (SVZ) and striatum at the same survival times. There was no difference in the number of NeuN positive cells between groups in all investigated survival times. The results show that indomethacin treatment induces inhibition of microglial activation concomitant with increased neuroblast proliferation and migration following MCAO. This is a promising outcome, considering that indomethacin is already used in non-neural human diseases and that adult neurogenesis may underlie functional recovery following stroke.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tratamento com minociclina e transplante intraestriatal de células mononucleares da medula óssea após acidente vascular experimental encefálico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-27) SILVA, Michelle Castro da; FRANCO, Edna Cristina Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5939607544965550; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Several studies suggest that both the semi-synthetic tetracycline minocycline and mononuclear bone marrow cell (BMMCs) transplantation induce neuroprotection in experimental models of stroke. However, a few studies comparatively investigated the effects of these therapeutic approaches following endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced stroke. In this dissertation, we aimed at investigating the comparative effects of microglial inhibition with minocycline and BMMC transplantation in the acute phase of experimental stroke. Male adult Wistar rats were divided in four experimental groups: saline-treated (N=4), minocyclinetreated (N=4), BMMC-treated (N=4). Behavioral tests were performed at 1, 3 and 7 days post-ischemia to evaluate functional recovery between groups. Animals treated with minocycline received two 50mg/kg (i.p.) doses in the first two days plus five single 25mg/kg (i.p.) daily doses up to sixth days post-ischemia. 1x106 BMMCs were obtained from Wistar rats and directly transplanted into the striatum at 24h post-ischemia. Animals were perfused at 7 days after ischemia onset. Coronal sections were stained with cresyl violet for gross histopathological analysis and immunolabeled for identification of neuronal bodies (NeuN), activated microglia/macrophages (ED1) and apoptotic cells (active caspase-3). Gross histopathological analysis revealed pallor, tissue loss and intense microglial/macrophage activation in ischemic animals treated with sterile saline. BMMC transplantation induced a higher reduction (p<0.05, ANOVA-Tukey) in the number of ED1+ cells than (saline, 276, 3± 9,3;BMMCs, 133,8± 6,8; minocycline, 244,6 ± 7,1). BMMC transplantation and minocycline reduced the infarct area, compared to control, in about 67,75% and 69,1%, respectively, with no statistical differences between treatments (p>0.05). Both treatments afforded comparable levels (p>0.05) of neuronal preservation compared to control (61,3± 1,5; 86,8± 3,4; 81±3,4). BMMC treatment induce a higher decrease in the number of apoptotic cells compared to control and minocycline treatment (26,5± 1,6; 13,1± 0,7; 19,7± 1,1). Both therapeutic approaches improved functional recovery in the ischemic animals. The results suggest that BMMC transplantation is more effective in modulating microglial activation and reducing apoptic cell death than minocycline, although both treatments are equally efficacious on improving neuronal preservation. Future studies should investigate whether minocycline treatment concomitant with BMMC transplantation produces synergistic effects, which might improve neuroprotection.

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