Navegando por Assunto "Acolhimento institucional"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As atividades de vida diária de crianças em situação de acolhimento institucional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-04) VASCONCELOS, Thamires Bezerra de; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
This research aimed to analyze the activities of daily living (ADLs) of children in situations of institutional care, discussing the importance of systematic evaluation of this type of activity and the critical role that caregivers may have in gaining greater autonomy in personal care and the acquisition of various skills. Comprising two interlinked studies in the first part (study I) provides a characterization of scientific literature on the assessment of activities of daily living in different contexts, covering research methods and instruments used for this purpose. The observed results showed a prevalence of use of standardized assessment instruments, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), most often found in the literature reviewed. Despite these developments in evaluation methods, there was little or no attention to the contexts of ADL performance, placing greater emphasis on the characteristics of the person, as the presence of limiting pathologies. In this direction, the second study presents a description of the levels of assistance provided by the ADL that involve educators, specifically, children who live in a host institution and incentive strategies used by caregivers dealing with their routines for each able to perform them in the most autonomous and efficient way possible. This description used categories inspired in part II of the PEDI, the Caregiver Assistance. The results showed a higher level of assistance in activities of hygiene and clothing compared to data obtained in feeding activities. Is attributed these findings to routine institutional and personal traits of the participants involved. We conclude that, in the institutional context, the highest level of service observed may have a different meaning than would be expected in a family environment. This higher level of attention and support checked could mean, on the one hand, more educators moments of interaction with the child, this can be a positive aspect in an environment that tends to be marked by the treatment depersonalized and rigid routines. And another, less opportunity for the child to develop from a greater degree of autonomy in ADL, which may have negative implications for the course of development. The importance of assessing ecological and cast a glance to the daily activities of children in residential institutions makes this research is located in order to contribute to a better understanding of the development in this specific context, since it, often have their first experiences of self-care. The results can guide and reflections indicated the formation of programs to optimize resources and opportunities present in the routines of self-care in this environment of institutional care.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação psicopedagógica de crianças em acolhimento institucional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) PINHEIRO, Marcilene Alves; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051; OLIVEIRA, Ana Irene Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8839751954613395
One of the great challenges of contemporary society is to address the issues surrounding the care of children and adolescents in institutions and the possible consequences of that period in their development. Current studies seek to look at the host institution as developmental context from the perspective Bioecological Human Development, in which not only focuses on the context, but the interactions that the developing person keeps to him. This study aimed to verify the applicability of the software Desenvolve ® on cognitive assessment of children aged five to seven years on condition of institutional care, discussing the possibility of environmental arrangements and materials that will promote a healthy development. The participants were 16 children, aged from five to seven years, welcomed a Belém’s public host institution. To gather sociodemographic data sheet used the Ficha de Caracterização da Criança, that is a form consists of 94 items divided into five categories: identification of the child, family structure, history of institutionalization, sociojurídica current situation and child health, which were extracted the variables age, sex, education, reason for the host, length of stay in residential care, and educational evaluation. The cognitive assessment was performed by software Desenvolve ® that trough 127 screen measures the performance on 19 cognitive skills, which were analyzed in two categories: percentage of hits and misses¸ and percentage yield in each cognitive skill. The results reveal that the universe of participants is composed mostly of boys (75%), aged five years, family neglect the main reason for the reception. It is noteworthy also that 50% of participants go through their first experience of institutional care, while others face their second and third experiments on schooling has been that all children have started their school activities and / or develop in host institution’s Room Service Educational, however, there is a grace period for the medical records of educational evaluation. In cognitive assessment, for the category of percentage of hits and misses, has hit percentage greater than the errors for all children aged seven years, since the category of percentage of income in each cognitive skill stand out as cognitive skills of low income: perception of letters and numbers, perception timeline, naming numbers, sense of time, sense and perception of numerical sequence sequence. From these results, we propose a plan of environmental strategies and materials to promote healthy development, consisting of 12 strategies that encompass both activities aimed at (re) organization of the physical environment and the teachers of the institution, and to direct stimulation cognitive skills of lower income. Through the indicators of this study can observe the applicability software Desenvolve® for the assessment of children in situations of institutional care and the importance of this kind of mapping for the development and implementation of strategies that will promote and ratify the host institution as context promoter of healthy development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Brincadeiras simbólicas em situação estruturada de crianças em acolhimento institucional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-30) FILOCREÃO, Camila Lima; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
Institutional shelter is a protection measure that defines a parental removal when the rights of children and teenagers are threatened. Shelter institution can be regarded as the development context of those who are attended, marked through stimulation, activities and interpersonal relationship. It is substantial to evaluate the sheltering on the child’s perspective in order to extend the comprehension of this phenomenon. When dealing with children, is appropriate to use research techniques that looks familiar and enjoyable. Several researchers have been interested in investigate the play as a way to understand the child universe. This qualitative study had as goal to categorize, describe and analyze the content of symbolic play by which children played in a institutional shelter, focused on the institution itself and child’s family background. The research happened on Espaço de Acolhimento Provisório Infantil (EAPI) that shelters male and female children from zero to six years old. Overall, ten children took part of the study. It was used as tool and material a Characterization Form, a model representing the two institutional environment, everyday object toys, dolls and a video camera. A documental research with the Characterization Form was performed together with a gathering of playful resources. On a reserved room, one of the researchers interacted with the child while the other was filming. Four sessions of thirty minutes were performed with each participant. The results were organized in the following categories and subcategories: 1. Playing shelter (1.1. Routine acknowledgement, 1.2. Games and Plays, 1.3. Relationships); and 2. Playing Family (2.1. Routine, 2.2. Relationships and 2.3. The Family in danger). It was possible to identify the child’s conception about the institutional daily activities and to observe its familiar daily intimacy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento institucional: perfil e situação sociojurídica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-18) PANTOJA, Vanessa Dias; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The present research aimed to analyze the procedural information related to the foster care of children and adolescents who were under protective measure in an institution in the period of 2019 and 2020, in the city of Belém/PA. The study included the filling of 30 medical records. For data collection, two forms were used, one for characterization of children and the other for characterization of adolescents. The data were analyzed quantitatively by means of descriptive statistics. The results showed a predominance of female children and adolescents in the age group of 8 to 11 years old and that most of them were in elementary school. The main reasons for foster care were family neglect, abandonment, sexual violence and physical violence. About 86.7% of the children and adolescents had siblings in the same institution. Most of the fostered children were in their first foster care. The time they had been in the current institution was more than 18 months for most of the participants. Regarding the socio-legal situation of those who were fostered during the research period, the priority was the return to the family of origin, in its different arrangements. The results found point to the need for updated studies about the profile of children and adolescents in foster care and their families, before, during and after foster care, in order to contribute to the reflection about the practice of foster care institutions and to the improvement of public policies aimed at this population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interações entre irmãos em acolhimento institucional: reflexões acerca das condições contextuais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-01) COSTA, Lígia Negrão; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
Several studies have pointed to the siblings interaction as affecting the infantile development throughout different contexts, bringing contributions to the comprehension of the groups social structure dynamics and organization, as well as the preferences and types of the established interactions. The Child and Adolescent Statute emphasizes that the parental and relative bonds must be protected and strengthened in an attempt to contribute for the children’s identities formation, preserving their life history and family references. Considering the specificities of the infantile institutional environment as a collective care facility, the study of siblings would provide information about the peculiar traits involving this interaction. The objective of the study was to describe and analyze the interaction among siblings and its peers in institutional sheltering, discussing the contextual conditions of the institution . Four groups of siblings composed by 10 children of both sexes participated in the research. The ages varied from three to seven years, all of them sheltered in a large size institution funded by the State Government, located in Belém, Pará. In the institution the children were separated in age-groups dorms, only two siblings were found living in the same dormitory. Data were collected trough the children institutional files and observation of their interactions. A focal-subject technique targeting each sibling was used. For every child six observational sections lasting 10 minutes each were performed totalizing 60 minutes. The interactive episodes were classified in interactions involving: sharing, conflict, cooperation, competition, behavior similarities, affection and proximity seeking. The main results showed: 1) the kids are from lower social classes families, being sheltered due to abandonment, poverty and parents related issues. In most of the cases (seven out of ten), the children are recidivist in the shelter, having spent more time in the shelter than with the family living; 2) analyzing the peers and the interaction time, the siblings of the group 1 showed a greater number of interactions among themselves and a greater amount of time dedicated to these interactions, mainly among siblings who lived in the same dorm (I1 and I2) and in closer agegroup dorms (I3 and I4). For the remaining groups same aged peers interactions prevailed, both in frequency and in duration of the interaction. Only one interactive episode among siblings took place in group 3 and none in group 4; 3) in what concerns to the content of the siblings interaction, there was a greater frequency of the proximity seeking, affection and cooperation categories, while among peers prevailed cooperation, conflict, and behavior similarities interactions. The presented data fosters the debate involving sheltering institutions, stimulating the effecting to the resolutions and acting on the strengthening of the family relations and the siblings bonds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relações de amizade de adolescentes em situação de acolhimento institucional: fatores de risco e de proteção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-29) COSTA, Amanda Cristina Ribeiro da; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
Studies show that in addition to the family, the peer group constitutes an important development context for the adolescents, and friendship among its members an influential factor of risk and protection during this period of life. In this sense, this work aimed to investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the friendly relations and the perception of the quality of this type of relationship by adolecents in the context of institutional care. In the first study, quantitative and descriptive and exploratory, we sought to determine the risk and protective factors to which adolescents welcomed institutionally are exposed in the Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), besides identifying the presence or absence of friends in events of life that can be characterized as a situation or experimentation of risk or protection. The participants were 40 adolescents welcomed institutionally in five institutions of RMB, which this sample was selected by convenience. We used the Questionário Juventude Brasileira (QJB) for data collection. The results showed differences by sex, boys was associated with a statistically significant to the variables thus: 'have been expelled from school' (X² = 4.09; p = 0:04), institucional care (X² = 5.87; p = 0.01) and 'worked on the street' (X² = 8.67; p = 0.003). The female sex among adolescents surveyed was significantly associated with the variable to have suffered aggression by punching or beating (X² = 4.73; p = 0.02). Among the risk factors involving adolescent friendships with peers, was evidenced that male sex statistically significant association with the variables: 'you have friends who use drugs' (X² = 4.5; p = 0.03),' friends who use legal drugs' (X² = 3.74; p = 0.05) and 'friends who use illicit drugs' (X² = 6.34 and p = 0.01). In situations which represented protective factors and involved friends it was not found statistically significant association, although it is important to emphasize that adolescents revealed high expectations of having friends who give you support (72.5%). In the second study, with qualitative approach, we sought to know aspects relating to the quality of friendship from the perception of adolescents welcomed institutionally. It used semistructured interviews whose script was developed especially for this work. Attended by 20 adolescents chosen for convenience. To understand the perceptions of the participants about the friendship quality, the content of interview transcripts was organized in pre-established categories, 'help and guidance' and 'companionship' the most frequent with 18 mentions each, followed by 'conflict resolution '(05 mentions),' validation and caring '(02)' intimate exchange '(02) and 'conflict betrayal' (03). It was dentified that the friendship of adolescents received were highlighted in positive and protective characteristics in developmental terms. It appears that the adolescents in this study were exposed to various risk and protective factors in developmental contexts such as family, the institucional care and the peer group. In the latter, in particular, there was the paradoxical character can have friendship, representing both a risk factor as protection and development, for although this relationship expose your adolescence to risky behavior such as drug use, too It is shown as an important basis for social support of adolescents. This type of study may contribute with specific actions for the population studied and studies on human development and interpersonal relationships contexts marked by long stay in institutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Serviços de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes na Região Metropolitana de Belém: os ambientes, os acolhidos e os educadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-26) CORRÊA, Laiane da Silva; CAVALCANTE, Lilia Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The study aimed at characterizing the shelter services provided for children and adolescents in the metropolitan region of Belém (MRB) giving emphasis for the profile and practices adopted by institutions and educators, as well as personal, family, and institutional profile of the sheltered children and adolescents. Were part of this study 14 manager the sheltering services that attend children and adolescents at a risky situation in the MRB, and the 198 educators. The study made use of 426 personal records of the sheltered children from January to December 2012. For the data collection it was used a characterization form of the institutions, the profile of the sheltered children and the educators, through document research and interview. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Among the results it was identified an equal proportion of governmental and non-governmental units and a high number of institutional shelter. With regards to the physical environment, some spaces were found to have residential characteristics, placed on urban areas and without any identification sign. In general, the institutions use criteria as gender and age for providing the service, and they maintain an articulation with the social services network, chiefly in areas as education, health, culture and leisure. About the profile of the sheltered ones it was noticed a majority of male children, who didn’t have the name of the father on their birth certificate, aged between zero and three years, and were not old enough to be in school. Among the adolescents, it was noted a majority of girls, between 15 and 17 years old, with the name of the father on their identification documents, and were attending high school. With what concerns the reasons for sheltering the most frequent are abandonment, family negligence, poverty and vulnerability, and sexual violence. In general, the families did not receive the benefits of support and income transference, and some of the members are drug abusers. The mothers aged between 20 and 35, the fathers were over 36 years old, both with a low level of education, had low paying and low qualification jobs, and had known residence. The institutions point to a set of actions that take place during the process of attendance, not only with the sheltered ones but also with the family. Nonetheless, the reality found was filled with gaps, pronounced lack of information and inconsistent data usually regarding the family profile, visits, illnesses, and emotional changes. Regarding the educators, most were women, over 36 years old, who had finished high school, had children of their own, and had experience working in this job, however, did not attend any training program. The majority of them performed some actions to bring back their life histories and engaged in positive interactions in the working routine, with the exception of practices directed to sexuality aspects. The results strengthen the conception of sheltering institutions to be a constantly changing, dynamic, and complex environment, that needs to be seen as a care environment, but also as a space for hearing, and possible constant dialog between the actors involved.