Navegando por Assunto "Alimento do animal"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da utilização do óleo de dendê na dieta sobre a qualidade do sêmen in natura de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) criados em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-23) SILVA, Geanne Rocha da; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of palm oil on serum lipid levels and sperm quality of buffalo bulls, since research about palm oil seed for reproductive purposes are scarce. The study was conducted at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, and used 12 pre-selected buffalo bulls, with a mean age of 3.47 ± 0.92 years and weight of 456.8 ± 50.4 kg. The bulls were fed and divided into two groups according to diet received. Diets were isoproteic (cracked corn, wheat bran and corn silage; proportion roughage / concentrate 50%) and were offered in collective pens. Animals of CONT Group (n = 5) received a control diet and OIL Group (n = 7) received the same diet with addition of 2% of palm oil on the DM. Analyses were performed using chemical and fatty acid profile of foods. Serum lipid profile, physical and morphological features of raw semen were investigated, including the relations between them. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparison of means by Tukey test and Pearson correlations (P <0.05). Increased lipid consumption was noted related to saturated fat acids (71.23%) and unsaturated fat acids (55.40%) in OIL Group. Significant effects for serum parameters were observed for triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and total lipids, with higher values for the OIL Group, and significant effects over time for cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and total lipids (P <0.05). Regarding to semen parameters, there was a significant reduction in gross motility and integrity of plasmatic membrane, and reduced seminal concentration on the period for the OIL Group. There was significant correlation between the variables: triglycerides and minor defects (r = -0412, P = 0.006), LDL and total defects (r = -0.333, P = 0.030), VLDL and viability (r = 0.381, P = 0.012), total lipids and minor defects (r = -0366, P = 0.017), and total lipids and total defects (r = -0.309, P = 0.046). Although an observed relationship between higher levels of serum lipids and better sperm morphology, and no reduction of fresh semen quality by palm oil addition below the physiological levels, the use of 2% of palm oil in the diet did not improve effectively the parameters related to semen quality and bulls fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do uso de diferentes inoculantes microbianos à fresco e liofilizados sobre a silagem de sorgo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-12) PINHEIRO, Greice Emanuele Vieira; FERNANDES, Paulo Campos Christo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8172521920469798; SILVA, Almir Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9485881672181545
In the conservation of animal feed, the microbial inoculants are used in pursuit of improving the standard fermentation of silages, by encouraging the population development of the beneficial microorganisms in this process conservative, as the bacteria that produce lactic acid, rather than using inhibition of undesirable microorganisms such as yeasts and clostridia. The proposed study evaluated the effect of using different microbial inoculants to using fresh and freeze-dried sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], as raw material for silage, to indicate the possibility of using microbial inoculants developed in the Brazil country. Were conducted two experiments in the same silo, Experiment 1 (treatment with freeze-dried inoculants in the upper region of the silo) and Experiment 2 (treatment with inoculants to cool in the lower silo), with five treatments and three replicates per silo the treatments being characterized as a control (without inoculum), commercial inoculant (IC) and the different inoculants made from lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sorghum plant: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. When silage were used three experimental silos of wood, which were opened at different periods, 1, 3 and 28 days after ensiling. We used the experimental design in split plot in time, in which the three periods were open on plots and subplots the five treatments in a completely randomized design. In experiment 1, the levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) had the effect of microbial inoculants on the 3rd and 28th day of opening the silos, getting lower values in treatments IC and LPP (L. plantarum + L. paracasei. In experiment 2, NDF, had an effect on the 28th day of opening of the silo, showing that the IC and LPP treatments differed significantly, being statistically equal to others. The combination of freeze-dried microbial isolates of L. plantarum and L. paracasei showed potential for practical use because it was so effective as treatment failure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elephant grass silage with the addition of crambe bran conjugated to different specific mass
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) CARDOSO, Arilson Moraes; ARAÚJO, Saulo Alberto do Carmo; ROCHA, Norberto Silva; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; AZEVEDO, Jorge Cardoso de; PANTOJA, Lilian de Araujo
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of crambe bran concentrations (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) with different specific masses in elephant grass silage (Penninsetum purpureum Schum.). For that, the bromatological and microbiological compositions of the experimental silages were determined. We used 48 mini silos distributed in a completely randomized design, arranged in a factorial 4 × 3, four levels of inclusion of crambe bran (0; 10; 20 and 30%) and three specific masses (400; 500 and 600 kg MN m-3), with four replications. After 240 days of fermentation the silos were opened. It was observed linear effect on DM, CP, NDFap, ADFap, HEM, LIG, NFC, TC and population of bacteria that produce lactic acid with the addition of crambe meal. There was interaction between the crambe bran factors and specific masses on the values of pH and N-NH3. For MM variables and yeast count there was a negative linear effect due to the evaluated specific mass. The inclusion of crambe bran helps to increase the fermentative profile and the bromatological composition of elephant grass silages studied, and the best results were obtained with the addition of 30% of this coproduct, based on the natural matter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enfermidades em bovinos associadas ao consumo de resíduos de cervejaria
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12) BRUST, Luís Armando Calvão; ARAGÃO, Ana Paula; BEZERRA JÚNIOR, Pedro Soares; GALVÃO, Alexandre; FRANÇA, Ticiana do Nascimento; GRAÇA, Flávio Augusto Soares; PEIXOTO, Paulo Vargas
The use of brewery by-products in cattle feed has grown in recent years as an excellent alternative for maintenance or increase in cattle productivity especially in Southeastern Brazil. Among the most employed by-products are malted barley waste and brewer's yeast, a liquid by-product that contains alcohol and is widely used in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Careless or incorrect use of these products, as well as inadequate storage, can cause ethanol poisoning, neurotoxicosis by Aspergillus clavatus, ruminal acidosis and botulism. This paper highlights the importance of these conditions as causes of severe economic losses to livestock, and provides support for the establishment of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prophylaxis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Farelo de dendê como aditivo sequestrante de umidade na silagem de capim-elefante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-12) SANTOS, Ivan Alberto Palheta; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The objective of this work to review existing literature on the use of additives sequestering moisture, as well as the use of palm kernel meal as a additive for elephant-grass silage, after that, there was a scientific experiment in which we evaluated the effect of adding bran oil palm as an wet kidnapper additive in elephantgrass silage. The chemical qualitative and fermentation were analyzed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications, where the averages of the results of days of closing and opening were analyzed by regression analysis. In the aerobic stability analysis was employed subdivided plots, so that the treatments were randomized in plots and the evaluation times in the subplots. Samples were collected at the time of ensiling and after 190 days of storage for evaluation of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrates (total, non-fibrous, watersoluble, cellulose and hemicellulose), mineral material, lignin and lipids. In the days aerobic samples were collected for pH, nitrogen for ammonia, fungi and yeasts. The elephant grass this experiment showed values of 13.9% DM and 8.25% CP while the FD has 77.2% DM and 16.9% CP. The inclusion of FD had a direct influence on the populations of fungi and yeasts during the aerobic stability, the higher the dose, the less proliferation as a result, the values of pH and NH3-N also showed similar behavior. The inclusion of bran Palm at doses in the range of 10% to 15% can be used in silage of elephant, inhibiting undesired fermentation and making them more stable, doses above this value may affect the nutritive value of silage by high lignin content of the additive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Métodos e tempo de armazenamento sobre as características das plantas de cana de açúcar para alimentação animal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-20) FONSECA, Felipe Tameirão; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749; BERNARDES, Thiago Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9614321233731548
This study determined the effects of methods and storage periods on characteristics of sugarcane for feeding ruminants. Two experiments were carried out to test plants of sugarcane with or without leaves (only stalks) during six storage times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days). A split-plot design was used. Treatments and time were considered main and sub-plot, respectively. The chemical, microbiological and physical characteristics were determined. Removal of leaves decreased dry matter, fibre (NDF) and dry matter losses (DML) for both experiments. The times influenced carbon balance (fluxes of photosynthesis and respiration), increasing respiration on second day of storage. The DML were also influenced by times, especially when leaves were removed. Overall, sugarcane plants can be storage at shed to avoid daily harvest. Storing only stalks is the best method. Stalks can be stored for a period of six days.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Níveis de cálcio e fósforo na dieta de muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (LINNAEUS, 1766) em diferentes fases de criação em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-23) FERNANDES NETO, Dário Lisboa; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
In the Amazon, the chelonian consumption is much more than a simple way to obtain meat or protein; it is also a part of culture. The captive breeding on a commercial basis is essential to oppose poaching and thus prevent the extinction of species. A greater Knowledge of nutritional requirements, regarding to minerals, can serve as a basis to formulate diets for turtles, as alternatives to correct deficiencies of these compounds in the feed provided in captivity. Therefore this study aimed to determine the calcium levels in the initial phase and growth and the relationship between calcium and phosphorus levels in adult phase of muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides). In the initial phase and growth the experimental design was fully randomized, with five levels of calcium (4.7, 5.2, 5.7, 6.2 e 6.7%), with phosphorus in 3%, with three repetitions, containing 4 and 2 animals per experimental unit, respectively. In the adult phase, the experimental design was fully randomized in factorial scheme 5x3, five levels of calcium (5.0, 5.7, 6.4, 7.1 e 7.7%) and three levels of Phosphorus (2.6, 3.0, e 3.4 %), with three repetitions containing three animals per experimental unit. The animals were submitted to weighing and biometrics fortnightly. The data were analyzed using regression analysis by response surface. In the initial phase the variation in calcium levels did not influence the variables response, being absorbed and diverted to the strengthening of the bony parts. In the growth phase, the absorbed calcium was destined to corporal development of muçuãs, recommending the levels of 5.7% Calcium (Ca) with 3.0% of Phosphorus (P). Confirmed the Calcium and Phosphorus relation maintaining the best performance at the levels of 1,92 ± 0,26 to 2.08 ± 0,18 Ca:P, it was recommended level of 5,0% Ca e 2,6% P in the adult phase. This study is pioneer to determine levels of minerals in the diet of the species Kinosternon scorpioides bred in captivity, making up necessary more researches to determine others nutritional requirements of these animals, encouraging and enabling its commercial creation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de fritura residual na alimentação de ovinos: consumo e digestibilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-27) OLIVEIRA, Cristiane do Socorro Barros de; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of residual frying oil consumption and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in the diet and nitrogen balance. In consumption test and the apparent digestibility was used 20 Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 19.29±3.17 kg, in a completely randomized design. The experimental period lasted 19 days, 14 days of adaptation and five total collection of the diets fed, orts, feces and urine. The total collection of feces was performed on plastic collectors and weighed daily. Urine was collected in plastic buckets and added daily in collectors hydrochloric acid 10%. The animals were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed twice daily with diets based on roughage and concentrate (50:50), while residual oil was included in the diet at concentrations of 0; 2; 4; 6 to 8% of the dry matter of the concentrate. The addition of the residual frying oil had no significant effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), detergent fiber acid (FDA), total carbohydrate (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC). However, consumption of lipids (EEC) increased linearly with the inclusion of oil in the concentrate, Y=0.0244 + 0,0051X (p<0.01). Also, there was no effect on the digestibility of DM, CP, OM, NDF, ADF, CNF and TCHO and nitrogen balance. The digestibility of EE increased linearly with the addition of oil in the diet, Y = 83.68 + 1,66X (p<0.01). The inclusion of the residual frying oil in the diet of sheep, in the inclusion of up to 8% of dry matter in the concentrate can be used without damage to the intake and digestibility of nutrients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de palma na alimentação de ovinos, degradabilidade ruminal e digestibilidade aparente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) MORAIS, Eziquiel de; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683521652094464; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420
The effects of including increasing levels of palm oil on the in situ ruminal degradability parameters of nutrients, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) of elephant grass silage, and the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ethereal extract (EE) in experimental ovine diets were studied. The following treatments were tested: including palm oil at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg DM of the total diet. The diets were made up of elephant grass silage and concentrate based on corn, soy meal, and mineral mix. The palm oil was mixed to the concentrate to facilitate its distribution, with a 1:1 roughage:concentrate ratio maintained with formulations that were isoproteic and isofibrous, but not isoenergetic, offered at a ratio of 1.5% of the live weight (restricted intake). No significant (P>0.05) similarities were found in the ruminal degradation variables assessed with the inclusion of up to 75 g oil/kg DM. The apparent digestibility of organic matter suffered a linear reduction, an effect contrary to what was observed for EE, whose apparent digestibility showed a linear increase. The digestibility of the other nutrients was not impacted by including palm oil in the diet, which suggests this lipid source can be used at levels above the recommendations for including free fat in ruminant diets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reprodução, treinamento alimentar e larvicultura do peixe folha, Monocirrhus polyacanthus (Heckel, 1840) (Polycentridae, perciformes) em laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-30) RAMOS, Fabrício Menezes; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
The leaf fish is present throughout the Amazon basin, and is often exploited by the trade of ornamental fish. There is a decrease of its stock due to fishing ornamental. There is a paucity of information so that they would be useful for cultivation and may promote the social inclusion of Amazon ornamental fishing and extractive fishing decreased. As it is, in general, very difficult to obtain this information by making direct observations in nature, an alternative is to conduct such a study through controlled experiments in the laboratory. So this study aimed to generate information about reproduction, training and hatchery feeding, using different conductivity and breeding and spawning substrate, different forms of replacement of live food for the inert different concentrations in different live food fish stocking density sheet as well as subjecting these substances to prophylactic said. Thus it was possible to know that the use of low conductivity water (reverse osmosis) has an important role in the reproduction of the fish studied. I use frozen fish larvae as food in an inert piece of fish meal feeding provides the best rates for gains in weight and length when compared to other foods tested. What type of food provided to fish larvae sheet, regardless of stocking density in this period of development, affected the growth performance without affecting the quality parameters of water, and live food, Moina minuta, presented better results gain weight, growth, relative condition factor and survival. And that the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa and methylene blue are the most studied substances recommended for larviculture of this species. Although the use of salt for 5 days may also be recommended.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resíduos da agroindústria de frutas como aditivos para ensilagem de capim elefante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-27) AZEVEDO, Jorge Cardoso de; ROCHA, Norberto Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7845601346733559; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The mean purpose of that research was to measure the potential of agribusiness fruit production waste use (banana, mango, passion), such as absorbing additives oh humidity at ensilage of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivate Napier, through different specific masses, defining its effect on fermentation quality, microbiological characteristics, and chemical composition. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with four replicates, in factorial 4 x 3, being composed of witness, banana waste (BW), mango waste (MW), passion waste (PW) and three specific masses (400, 500 and 600 kg MV/m3). After 240 days of fermentation on experimental silos samples were opened and excluded to determine the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected to ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent fiber corrected to ash and protein (ADFap), hemicellulose (HCEL), lignin (Lig), total carbohydrates (TC), nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), acidic detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), potential of hydrogen (pH), ammonium nitrogen (N-NH3), lactic acidic bacteria (LAB), filamentous fungi (FUN), and yeast. The software R was used to analyze the treatments, considering the significance of 5% probability (P<0.05). To compare the average of each treatment, when it influenced the variable response, the Tukey test of 5% of significance was used. The effect of specific mass on silo is more effective in exclusive silage of elephant grass, the compaction of 600 kg MV/m3 contribute for improvements on the fermentative and microbiological process. The specific mass does not influence a lot on the chemical composition. The addition of banana waste on elephant grass ensilage contribute improvements only on the chemical composition, rising the values of DM, PB, NFC and reduction of fibrous components (NDFcp and ADFcp), but it does not improve the fermentative and microbiological process. The addition of passion and mango by-products foment the improvement of DM and promote the fermentative, microbiological, and chemical process of silage, no matter the specific mass.