Navegando por Assunto "Amazônia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 425

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Trajetória da Companhia Têxtil de Castanhal: a mais pura fibra amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-11-10) SOUZA, Narda Margareth Carvalho Gomes de; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
This work describes the historical trajectory of the Companhia Têxtil de Castanhal (CTC), a industry located at the Amazon Region, dedicated to spinning and weaving of the jute fiber, showing how it has standing in face of the jute producing chain in Brazil, sustaining itself in the textile sector for a long time, even in front of many adversities, becoming the national leader in the manufacture of jute products. The period reported in this study was from 1966 to 2006, relating some aspects about the origin and historical and socio-economic points of this kind of natural fiber, with the purpose to fundament a better understanding of the reasons of the founder for the emerging of the Company, the trusteeship of the Pacheco Borges Family, strategies adopted, obstructions, innovations, expansion and market movements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação pública socioambiental em questão: desafios da cogestão de uma Resex Marinha na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2022) OLIVEIRA, Marcelo do Vale; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com animais aquáticos em pescadores artesanais em um município da costa Amazônica: do levantamento ao tratamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-18) SILVA, Patrícia Fernandes da; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
Accidents with aquatic animals may occur whenever men invade the animal’s environment or handle it without proper care. Many studies reported cnidarians, stingrays, catfishes, toadfishes and others as dangerous to man, nevertheless information is scarce and inconclusive for the Brazilian North region. The frequency of accidents is probably high at the Pará state since fisheries is an important activity, although the cases are not adequately registered. Artisanal fisheries are an economic and socially important activity for the coastal municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon and gathers a great number of fishermen. Artisanal fishermen, are thus associated to a great risk of accidents caused by aquatic animals. The present study analyzes the frequency and variability of the occurrence of accidents with aquatic animals on artisanal fishermen, and related to different fishing strategies. It also explores the ethnobiological knowledge about the causative animals, treatment methods and accidents prevention. Data was collected at São Caetano de Odivelas municipality (Pará state), where traditional communities are sustained by artisanal fisheries. A total of 154 interviews were collected, gathering socioeconomic and ethnobiological information about accidents with aquatic animals. Accidents occurred in 98,7% of the interviewers and were associated to the daily labor from artisanal fisheries. Stingrays, catfishes and toadfishes were responsible for the most of the accdients (81,6%), independent from the different fishing strategies. The search for medical care was uncommon after a accident (26,3%) and the recommended medical procedures were no adopted by the fishermen. The number of accidents was higher with a lower scholar level among the fishermen (p < 0,001). In order to reach the artisanal fishermen, a didactical product (a calendar) was developed, with information to aid the avoidance, treatment and procedures after an accident with an aquatic animal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordo de pesca do Rio Caeté, Bragança, Pará: análise do processo de construção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-25) TAVARES, Mayra Patrícia Corrêa; OLIVEIRA, Marcelo do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2841179890845657; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-939X; BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9331256487699477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-553X
This research was developed from September 2019 to February 2023. The construction of this work was made by a bibliographic review about the theme: fishing agreements in the Amazon, use of common resource and territory, besides direct observation, semi structured interviews, use of participatory techniques (problem tree, participatory mapping, historical matrix) and analysis of collected data. According to demands of the riverside dweller communities on the Caeté River about improper fishing in the estuarine area and apprehension of fishing material, it was observed how the implementation process of the fishing agreement of Caeté River begun, such as it was analyzed several conflicts that occurred between the social actor in the space of the river that were narrated by the fishermen and community dwellers. Based on bibliographic research, the bragantina region is the first to develop a fishing agreement in the coastal region of Caeté, northeast of Pará. The fishing agreement of Caeté River is focused on at least 20 communities on the middle of Caeté River, situated on the bragantina coastal plain, northeast of Pará. The research aimed to comprehend the construction process of the fishing agreement of middle Caeté River in Bragança, Pará, analyzing the conflicts between the subject users of the space. By means of the collected data, it was determined that the conflicts of the local social groups with external fishermen and Public Bodies complicated the control and maintenance of fishing territories in the studied area. External and local fishermen introduced fishing practices that are considered “improper” by the communities as well as by environmental inspection agencies, causing several conflicts between them and the Municipal Inspection Agencies. Thus, it was possible to imply that the management rules locally established by the municipal secretariat of aquaculture and fishing of the city of Bragança together the fishermen showed an effective scenario in the maintenance of fishing stocks. Whereas that, it is noted that the agreement is an instrument of participative management, conditioning the access of a responsible way to natural resources of the estuarine where the traditional populations of the Caeté River live.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aerossóis de queimadas e internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-31) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; SILVA, Glauber Guimarães Cirino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4792139391237534; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7603; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
According to WHO, for every four deaths of children under 5 years, one is related to environmental pollution, which is equivalent to 93% of children living in environments with polluted atmosphere worldwide. This research investigated the variability of fires and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children under 9 years of age, in a region deeply marked by changes in land use across the planet, with consecutive years in the ranking of deforestation, followed by fire of forest biomass: the state of Para. Eighteen years of time series of climatic variables, PM2.5, AOD and health were analyzed for two Para municipalities located in regions with very different environmental and social characteristics, through an ecological study of epidemiological character. In general, the two places analyzed showed an increase in the hospitalization rate in the second semester of each year of the historical series, despite Santarem showing high numbers of these records throughout the year. The climate also played an important role in increasing the incidence of respiratory syndromes, because it makes the environment conducive to fire action, however, the results showed that years without significant climatic anomalies can also present high records of fires and PM2.5. When these relationships were analyzed in just one year and with a record of fires, a clearer combination between the investigated variables was found, with good statistical correlation, as well as a surprising and worrying increase in fires in the municipality of Santarem, even surpassing Maraba, a municipality that has always been ahead with the highest values of deforestation, fires and air pollution. Maraba perceives the effects of fires in advance, in general, two months before Santarem, and this situation is explained by the geographic location, degree of forest preservation, response to climatic fluctuations, industrial activity and public policy action. A sample taken from the time series showed that Maraba reaches, at the height of the dry season, attention and emergency levels for PM2.5, thus presenting low air quality. Santarem did not register alarming levels, but daily monitoring detected many days with levels above the permitted level, in accordance with the standards established by environmental legislation. The levels of pollution detected can increase the number of outcomes for respiratory diseases, overloading the state's public health system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agostinho de Souza Moreira, comandante dos rios Guamá e Capim: trajetória de uma liderança cabana do interior da Amazônia (1829-1837)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-14) NASCIMENTO, Wesley David Silva do; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
This dissertation analyzes the trajectory of Agostinho de Souza Moreira, a leader from the interior of Grão-Pará in the early years of Cabanagem (1835-1836). Through the research around this subject, this work aims to address the unfolding of the hut war in the Capim and Guamá rivers, which comprises the parishes of São Domingos da Boa Vista and São Miguel da Cachoeira, and the village of Ourém; in addition to exerting influence in the town of Bragança and in the place of Viseu. In these locations, Agostinho Moreira acted as General Commander with the responsibility of legitimizing the authority of the cabano government in the region. Previously, this guy had stints in the City Council, the Ordinary Court and the National Guard, which allowed him to meet many people, the supervision of the region's production, in addition to the local geography. Historically marked by escapes, by the action of the mocambos, indigenous resistance and military desertions, this region known as the middle of the road between Pará and Maranhão was convulsed in many struggles led by these peoples, who fought for better living conditions and their freedoms, during the 1820s. Thus, from 1836 onwards, when Cabanagem began to radicalize to the interior of Pará, Agostinho Moreira secured notoriety for having control of a region that held the necessary goods for a war economy that threatened the control of the interprovincial authorities who armed themselves heavily in the hunt for the cabano leader. In this sense, we will present the region of Agostinho Moreira's activity marked by crossings and refuges. And then we will analyze his trajectory in search of a place in local power until his rise as a cabano leader, highlighting his organization, his war strategies and his escapes during the anticabana repression. We did this through the search for documentary traces that would lead us to Agostinho Moreira found in letters and correspondence exchanged between authorities, terms of council, and newspaper reports that circulated in the Empire, using the methodology of the indiciary paradigm to identify the action of the amocambados and indigenous people in the period of greatest radicality of the Cabana war.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agressão por morcegos em humanos em uma área de conservação na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-27) LIMA, Ana Paula de Lima e; FERNANDES, José Guilherme dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7023812449790431; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-4961; BEZERRA, Isis Abel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3274919406647242
Bat attacks on humans have been reported in the municipality of Curuçá, precisely around and within the Mãe Grande Extractive Reserve. This work aims to understand the space-time perception and the dynamics of aggressions by blood-sucking bats in humans in an extractive reserve area in the Amazon. As a methodological procedure, documentary and article references were collected. Oral interviews were also conducted with the oldest social actors and with individuals who had already been attacked from the communities visited. Individuals who confirmed that they had been assaulted by bats were georeferenced. The most affected are artisanal fishermen who live with their families or stay for seasons on the islands and beaches to fish for crab, fish or shrimp. In general, the interviewees do not relate the alteration of the landscape to the increase in aggressions, but they highlight the reduction of some animal species in this environment. However, it was possible to identify locations where aggressions have not occurred for at least 10 years associated with the introduction of electrical energy. In locations where there is no electricity, individuals with recent attacks have been identified. In the fishermen's perception, alcoholism is an important factor for the exposure of these individuals. It identifies the need for educational work for the population that is attacked, and the recognition of public policies for those individuals who become more vulnerable to bats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar camponesa no planalto santareno: formas de existência em Mojuí dos Campos-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-09) BORGES, Anderson Coelho; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Peasant family agriculture is characterized by those families that, through land ownership and access to available natural resources, seek to solve their productive and reproductive problems through extractive, agricultural and non-agricultural rural production. Taking this concept into account, the objective is to analyze in a multiscale way the characteristics that enable the understanding of the conditions related to the decision of the peasant family to seek or not to trigger pluriativity. To this end, using an interdisciplinary approach, qualitative and quantitative data were used, obtained, respectively, through the participant observation technique in two communities - Mojuí dos Pereiras and Terra de Areia - located in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos and from the mobilization of the secondary database and the selection of variables (land, labour force and institutional context) collected in field research with the peasant production units. Thus, in the light of peasant investment theory, a pattern was identified among peasant families that engage in non agricultural activities, they have restrictions on land, labour or both, while those families that have land and labour force in conditions sufficient for their reproduction are dedicated only to agricultural labour
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura orgânica e a sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares em Medicilândia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Michel Cleyton do Carmo; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-1271
The Organic agriculture has been stimulated by the social movements of the region in which it operates this study, as an alternative able to corroborate the consolidation strategies more sustainable agroecosystems. Understanding organic agriculture as a production system based on relations more harmonized with the environment and provides greater equity and profitability, it was proposed to analyze the folding of organic production in the sustainability of familiar agroecosystems in the municipality of Medicilândia, state of Pará. We had as central hypothesis that organic production provides positive repercussions on the sustainability of the agroecosystems. Therefore, it was decided by methodological arrangement with qualitative procedures such as field observation and interviews with producers members COPOAM - Cooperative of Organic Farmers of the Amazon and quantitative procedures, mostly with the adjustment tool MESMIS (Framework for Evaluation of Systems of Natural Resource Management incorporating sustainabilities indicators) to the reality of family farmers of Medicilândia. With the sustainability evaluation of agroecosystems was established that there is the folding of organic production in the agroecosystems studied, incurring changes in production dynamics well as the way of life of families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Águas Amazônicas e cosmografia dos beiradeiros da estação ecologica Terra do Meio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LOPES, Ana Débora da Silva; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
In the first half of the 20th century, in search of works in the rubber plantations, the first inhabitants arrived in the region that would become the Estação Ecológica Terra do Meio (EETM), in AltamiraPA. The rubber tappers who stayed there, learned to live with the woods and river, so that they and their descendants came to live in the place. The realization of field research shows that families use canoes with motor as transport, living among the fauna, flora and the enchanted ones, that are part of their existence and a fundamental element for their way of seeing and being in the world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alegorias do sofrimento e da resistência: disposições afetivas da política em imagens fotográficas
(Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2022-06) LAGE, Leandro Rodrigues
The purpose of the text is to present the general lines of an epistemological and also a methodological proposal for the debate on images, considered affective expressions of indignation, conviction and desire. It seeks to examine photographs of the artistic and photojournalistic regimes as allegories of the suffering and resistance of the Amazonian peoples, with the intention of discussing how these images manage and give visible and sensitive expression to experiences of suffering, to physiognomies of historical time, to survivals of the desire and political subjectivations. This proposal starts from the experimentalism of knowledge through allegories, rehearsing the theoretical-methodological productivity of the benjaminian allegorical episteme in the legibility of the images and tensioning the forms, correspondences, temporalities and conventions in the examination of images that offer an apprehension of history as an anachrony of sufferings and fights. The background to this approach is the inextricable link between image and politics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alô, Alô Amazônia: o rádio que o ouvinte também faz
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-20) WANDERLEY, Patrícia Teixeira Azevedo; COSTA, Luciana Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1310961057480638; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-4499
This research proposes to analyze the discourse produced by the listeners of Rádio Difusora de Macapá, seeking to understand the relationship between the radio station and its audience. By addressing the characteristics of the amazonian persona, through messages and notices spread by the Alô, alô Amazônia broadcast, we seek to analyze the text, its marks and attributes. The main theoretical and methodological framework is based on authors such as Benetti, Bakhtin and Bourdieu. We acknowledge the relevance of radio for the riverside communities from the states of Pará and Amapá, even with the effervescence of social networks, emphasizing the relation established between listeners and radio broadcasters. The quantitative analysis of 117 messages also revealed that the female audience is the one that sends the most messages and the male audience is the one that receives the most. The texts draws attention to the kinship that precedes these people's names; to the river, its main avenue; to the river network, its main mean of transport; and to the different religions, which are part of the daily life and habits of the riverside dwellers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Alta modernidade e a revolução socioambiental: indivíduo e coletividade na reprodução sociometabólica do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-18) COSTA, Gilson da Silva; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073
This thesis is a study of contemporary marxism sociology on the High Modernity around the relationship between individual and collectivity in the sociometabolic reproduction of the development and the sustainability - with cutout for Great Amazon, Post-War, from emergence of the Information Society Global. This is particularly the socio-economic phenomena, and socio-political currents in Latin America, the Caribean and Great Amazon, from its urban world and its correlation with the field. It runs thoughts on the prospect of socialist revolution based on Social and Environmental Revolution, featuring the politically historic stage of high modernity when there is participation or non-participation of the individual and community (peoples, working class) and what are its effects on for capital, labor, state and nature - from the daily practice in the pursuit of sustainability (social, economic, political, cultural and environmental). It examines how the process of sociometabolic reproduction of current capitalist society deepens the alienation, ideology, and skepticism among the working classes and peoples of Latin America - which is manifested in the dialectical contradiction between individual and community via participation or political apathy. Filtered through the perspective of sociometabolic building of the rational development and effective sustainability through Socialist, Environmental or Ecosocialist Revolution. Throughout the chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of collective action and social capital in Latin America and these may or may not influence the disruption and construction of this new societal formation, since the mechanism of mobilization, involvement and political and critical participation of the communities, and of social and political subject of the revolution in the macro region. Some theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of Historical and Dialectical Materialism and General Systems Theory are promoted in the work. The theoretical contributions are articulated around interpretations and formulations such as the rational and effective sustainability, within and between dialectical permanent; socialism or extermination; “hecatombstagflation”; environmental revolution, hyper-alienation; super-ideology; ultra-skepticism; revolutionary social capital, among others. The methodological contributions arise from the junction of the method of study, analysis and interpretation of Historical Dialectic Materialism (HDM) and General Systems Theory (GST), articulated in the formulations: Historical Ecological Cybernated System (HECS); Dialectical Materialism and Historical Systemic (DMHS), which allow for greater analytical power and explanatory observations, readings and interpretations of facts, phenomena and situations addressed in this research. Weaving a wireless connection between the elements that deal with the capitalist development in high modernity - from the individual and the collectivity forward to the radicalization of alienation, ideology, and skepticism in the Global Informational Society - setting the phenomenon of development from a Marxist theoretical framework. The work discusses the relevance of the Socialist Revolution and the perspective of the Environmental Revolution, and the potential, limitations and opportunities of a Program of Transition to Socialism Ecological, Environmental or Ecosocialist, because the process of sociometabolic reproduction of the current corporate development and the tensions surrounding the real prospect of sustainability - precisely between Great Amazon building a new vision of cultural, socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional which begins to emerge and tends to swell in coming decades of the century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia ameaçada: análise do discurso jornalístico nos portais de notícias O Liberal.com – PA e A Crítica – AM sobre desmatamento e queimadas no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-26) MANGAS, Laiza Monik de Oliveira; COSTA, Luciana Miranda
The year 2020 was marked by the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in deforestation and fires in Brazilian Amazon. Data from Inpe (2020) recorded 10,312, 88 km2 of consolidated deforestation in the region, in addition to 103,161 outbreaks of fires during that year. Months of August and September were the ones with the highest rate of fires and the states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Amazonas accounted for 70% of deforestation. Meanwhile, "the herd passed" [a figure of speech refering to Ricardo Salles speech] with the approval of 593 acts by the federal government related to changes in rules on environmental protection in Brazil (OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA, 2021). Amid the health, political and environmental crisis, journalism played an important role in providing information to population (CASERO-RIPOLLÉS, 2020). In this context, this research analyzes how was the coverage on deforestation and burning in two of the main news portals of the North region of the country: “O Liberal.com – PA” and “A Crítica – AM”, during the month of September 2020, considering the pandemic period and its adversities. The main theoretical and methodological framework chosen was the Critical Discourse Analysis - CDA (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). Through the analysis of the newspapers it can be concluded that Jair Bolsonaro government, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, managed to occupy a privileged space in the publications, with a speech aimed at alleviating the problems in the Amazon and widely reproduced by the two newspapers without significant counterpoints. Justifications that attributed deforestation and burning to the climate itself in Amazon and to agricultural activities traditionally carried out by rural, indigenous and quilombola communities were used. In addition, the credibility of scientific data on the subject disclosed by institutions such as the National Institute for Space Research - INPE was questioned.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia ameaçada: análise do discurso jornalístico nos portais de notícias O Liberal.com – PA e A Crítica – AM sobre desmatamento e queimadas no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-26) MANGAS, Laiza Monik de Oliveira; COSTA, Luciana Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1310961057480638; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-4499
The year 2020 was marked by the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in deforestation and fires in Brazilian Amazon. Data from Inpe (2020) recorded 10,312, 88 km² of consolidated deforestation in the region, in addition to 103,161 outbreaks of fires during that year. Months of August and September were the ones with the highest rate of fires and the states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Amazonas accounted for 70% of deforestation. Meanwhile, "the herd passed" [a figure of speech refering to Ricardo Salles speech] with the approval of 593 acts by the federal government related to changes in rules on environmental protection in Brazil (OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA, 2021). Amid the health, political and environmental crisis, journalism played an important role in providing information to population (CASERORIPOLLÉS, 2020). In this context, this research analyzes how was the coverage on deforestation and burning in two of the main news portals of the North region of the country: “O Liberal.com – PA” and “A Crítica – AM”, during the month of September 2020, considering the pandemic period and its adversities. The main theoretical and methodological framework chosen was the Critical Discourse Analysis - CDA (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). Through the analysis of the newspapers it can be concluded that Jair Bolsonaro government, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, managed to occupy a privileged space in the publications, with a speech aimed at alleviating the problems in the Amazon and widely reproduced by the two newspapers without significant counterpoints. Justifications that attributed deforestation and burning to the climate itself in Amazon and to agricultural activities traditionally carried out by rural, indigenous and quilombola communities were used. In addition, the credibility of scientific data on the subject disclosed by institutions such as the National Institute for Space Research - INPE was questioned.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Amazônia e o desenvolvimento: aspectos da trajetória das políticas públicas na região
(Universidad de Salamanca, 2020) SILVA, Maria Dolores Lima da
This article makes an assessment of public development policies that were planned for the Amazon since the 1950s and materialized, especially from the 1970s onwards. Encouraged economic exploitation did not result in a significant increase in the social well-being of the population. As the foundation for this argument, bibliographic studies and research on the websites of public institutions and non-governmental organizations are used. The records of researchers and entities working in the region show that traditional populations suffer from the disruption of their ways of life and that the conflicts generated extend over decades, remaining unsolved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ambição dos Pariwat: consulta prévia e conflito socioambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-12) OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Magalhães de; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048
This paper discusses the situational application of the right of free, prior and informed consultation the different ethnic groups in contexts of social and environmental conflicts produced by projects characterized by intense exploitation of territories and natural resources. The dissertation is located in the interdisciplinary field of Legal Anthropology, whose theoretical and methodological contributions help in the understanding of the uses of law, in addition to legal-centered approaches concerned with compliance / non-compliance with state law. Social and environmental conflict, legal sensitivity, legal pluralism and interlegality are the fundamental categories of analysis. Through ethnography of social and environmental conflict surrounding the Hydroelectric Plant São Luiz do Tapajós project, i seek to show that the federal government and the indigenous people Munduruku have differing legal sensibilities about the situational application of prior consultation. The government's legal sensibility and munduruku legal sensisibility adjust to a broader dispute in which different agents compete to regulate ethnic rights globally. The work shows how human rights may be appropriate creatively by ethnically differentiated groups to strengthen their political struggles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise bibliométrica da produção científica das pós-graduações do NAEA e NUMA relacionado à temática recursos naturais na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-25) NEVES, João Paulo Pastana; SANTOS JUNIOR, Roberto Lopes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3355963647616547
Bibliometric analysis of the dissertations defended in the postgraduate program in sustainable development of the moist tropic (PPGDSTU) and the postgraduate program in natural resource management and local development in the Amazon (PPGEDAM) at the Federal University of Pará. It aims to identify the main research currents linked to the access of natural resources. The research is characterized as quantitative, descriptive and bibliometric, from the survey of the dissertations in the online portals of the programs (PPGDSTU and PPGEDAM), Institutional Repository of UFPA (Riufpa), and on the Curriculum Lattes Platform. The year of defense analysis, research themes and more productive researchers were selected, presenting the main research strands and offering a "state of the art" in the scientific production of PPGDSTU and PPGEDAM. It was used as research tools: a) The software VOSviewer to identify the main thematic trends of postgraduate programs analyzed; b) The Wordclouds.com software in order to elaborate clouds of keywords, aiming at mapping the most used terms and discussed in the analyzed dissertations, and c) The Software Gephi to view the scientific collaboration network between teachers and tasks of the programs. The first year of defense of each program was adopted until 2018. It was found that so PPGEDAM as PPGDSTU have 172 dissertations produced between 2009 to 2018 while PPGDSTU / NAEA has 254 dissertations between 1987 to 2018 and, as for teachers which more guided in the PPGDSTU, 39 guiders were counted, while in PPGEDAM, has 27. It is concluded that research carried out in these programs through the natural resources theme in the Amazon, have been contributing to a more sustainable and predatory planet of predatory actions. It is also suggested the stimulus of collaborative partnerships between programs, creating academic master's incentives at PPGEDAM and Professional Master in PPGDSTU, in which it will contribute to the increase in the productivity of the institution. It is also suggested the implementation of research fueling scholarships to improve the performance of the programs, thus avoiding the oscillation of scientific productivity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica das áreas de manguezal no litoral Norte do Brasil a partir de dados multisensores e hidrossedimentológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-16) NASCIMENTO JUNIOR, Wilson da Rocha; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of the mangrove areas in the north coast of Brazil from images of remote orbital sensors and hydrosedimentological data (flow and suspened sediment concentration). We tried to understand the existence of causality between the expansion or retraction of the mangroves with the suspened solid discharge calculated from the data of flow and suspened sediment concentration. The mangroves were mapped, using the object oriented classification technique, in the years 1975, 1996 and 2008 based on data from microwave sensors (RADAM / GEMS, JERS-1, ALOS / PALSAR). The data of fluviometric stations and sediments of the National Water Agency were used to calculate the solid discharge in suspension in the rivers Araguari, Gurupi, Pindaré, Grajaú and Mearim seeking to relate the addition and erosion in the areas of mangrove with the sedimentary load of the rivers that drain On the coast. The flow variations reflect the precipitation in the sub-basins of the analyzed rivers and presented a strong and moderate correlation with the temperature anomalies on the surface of the Pacific Ocean evidencing a relation of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena with the precipitation regimes in the Amazon. The variations of suspended sediment concentration were not related to the fluviometric variation suggesting that the annual mean oscillations are reflections of other phenomena (coverage and land use). The results show that the drainage areas of the sub-basins most impacted by the anthropic action contribute with a higher sediment load to rivers that have a higher concentration of native forest. Native vegetation contributes to containment of soil erosion and exposed soil and pasture areas are more vulnerable to soil erosion. The Gurupi, Pindaré, Grajaú and Mearim Rivers presented solid suspended load higher than or equal to the Araguari River. Analyzing the mangroves in the estuaries we noticed the addition of mangroves along the estuaries of the Gurupi and Mearim rivers (Baia de São Marcos) and the reduction of mangrove areas in the Araguari estuary. The Amazon coastal zone is subject to natural processes of great magnitude, but atrophic activities influence the natural dynamics of the region by implementing unsustainable economic practices.