Navegando por Assunto "Amazônia colombiana"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
El campesinado de la Amazonia colombiana: una historia de menosprecio institucional, constitución identitaria y lucha por el reconocimiento
(2009-12) RUIZ, Henry Salgado
To understand the construction processes of the identity and organizational experiences of the peasants who currently inhabit the Colombian western Amazon region, it is necessary to know the historical characteristics that defi ned the social occupation of this geographical area. As in other colonization processes which took place in the Peruvian, Bolivian and Ecuadorian Amazon, in Colombia the peasants who occupied the Amazonian space in the fifties and sixty arrived after being expelled by the reproduction and expansion of the capital. But, unlike these countries, in Colombia, during these same years, the State undertook a military persecution against those peasants who had resisted the land expropriation process. In this sense, and seeking to comprehend the identity construction process of these peasants, this article will present a brief historical reconstruction of their first organizational efforts and a description of how they undertook their identification process as a social group. Finally, the article will analyze the mechanisms of resistance that Colombian Amazon peasants have created and consolidated in their struggles for recognition and their struggles against injustice and institutional disrespect experienced by decades.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jarina: o marfim das biojóias da Amazônia
(2006-12) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; RODRIGUES, Suyanne Flavia Santos; HOHN, Helmut
The jarina palm tree (Phytelephas macrocarpa) is endemic of the Amazon region growing in older flood plains constituted by quartz, 2:1 clay-minerals and feldspars. The soils are fertile and slightly acid to neutral. The jarina seeds can be included among the rare organic gems. Because of its color and luster the seeds are compared to animal ivory in spite of its lower hardness and lower density. They are largely employed in the manufacture of bio-jewels and artifacts. The products are commercially well accepted because the seeds support coloration change and other improvements. However, the jewels do not last very long because the seeds tend to be destroyed by the action of microorganisms within 5 to 10 years. By means of an adequate policy the productive chain of jarina seeds may turn to be of great importance for the development of the Amazon region by creating new job opportunities and by aggregating value to the products. However, special care has to be taken to avoid inadequate exploration of the seeds in order to assure the preservation of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mandatos nacionales y realidades locales: análisis de la política pública del agua en la frontera amazónica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-16) CHINDOY, María Ernestina Garreta; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
Comparative analysis of public water policy in Colombia and Brazil and its effects on Amazonian border areas like Leticia and Tabatinga has allowed understanding power relations established between State and Society. Therefore, drinking water becomes a tension element between the administrative authorities and the different actors that need adequate water for consumption. Space that inherited social inequalities resulting from their peripheral status, from its location on the margins of State. So, our purpose is to analyze the national public water policy in Colombia and Brazil, and its effects on municipal context in Amazonian border urban areas (Leticia and Tabatinga). From an interdisciplinary perspective, based mainly on reflexive sociology and political science, as well as social mapping and conducting interviews, it reveals that the effects of national public policies for water in territory analyzed contradict its effectiveness in these local contexts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogy and chemistry of archaeological ceramic fragments from archaeological Dark Earth site in Colombian Amazon
(2011-03) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; RIOS, Heli Gaspar Morcote; SILVA, Mônia Maria Carvalho da; SILVA, Glayce Jholy Souza da; MOLANO-VALDES, Uliana
Several Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) sites have been already found in the Colombian Amazon forest showing high content of archaeological ceramic fragments similarly to those in the Brazilian Amazon represented by Quebrada Tacana site. Their fragments are yellow to grey colour, display a burned clayey matrix which involves fragments of cariapé and coal and ash particles, besides grains of quartz and micas. The clay matrix is made of metakaolinite, quartz, and some mica flakes, chlorite and sepiolite. Cariapé and cauixi spicules are constituted of cristobalite, which is also the main mineral component of the coal and ashes. Although not detected by X-ray diffraction, the phosphate minerals should be present, since the contents of phosphor reach up to 2.90 Wt.% P2O5. Possibly it occurs as aluminium-phosphate, since Ca contents fall below 0.1 Wt.%. These mineralogical and chemical characteristics allow to correlate these ceramic fragments with those found in the ADE in Brazil and reinforce phosphor as an important chemical component, which indicates human activity by the daily use of pottery all over the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morfologia e taxonomia de Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) e seu relacionamento mimético com corais verdadeiras na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) ALMEIDA, Paula Carolina Rodrigues de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Animal coloration is an important biological attribute with different functions related to the strategies adopted by individuals in the environment, such as thermoregulation, defense and inter and intraspecific communication. The mimicry is perhaps one of the most important biological communication mechanisms, often involving similarity of color with a defensive connotation. Systems mimetics reflect a complex evolution process that accentuates similarities morphological or behavioral between two or more species guaranteeing adaptive advantages at least one. Though common between invertebrates, mimicry also observed in vertebrate groups as lizards and serpents eg. For examples common mimicry snakes are described relations between corals true and false. The false coral, Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) is endemic in the Amazon and occurs in the Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Due to the similarity of their different color patterns, this species was related to some species of the genus Micrurus coral snakes that also have Amazon distribution. Although the chromatic variation of this species has been reported by some authors, some questions about the intraspecific polymorphism and its relation to geographic distribution, as well as the mimetic relationship with the coral snakes Micrurus not yet been studied. With the purpose of contribute to the elucidation of these issues, this study was organized into two chapters: In first entitled "Variation Morphological and Taxonomy Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)" were presented morphological variations species including descriptions their standards chromatic and variations morphological intraspecific A. latifrons and analysis sexual dimorphism group; in second chapter entitled "Relations mimicry between Atractus latifrons and corals true Amazon" were identified for possible models mimetics A. latifrons, inferring their mimetic relationships through the analysis of co-occurrence and distribution maps showing patterns among mimetic species involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
ÒRÈ RÜ ÚKUẼ, sobre palavra e conselho: conhecimento e memória local na comunidade Mágüta (Tikuna) de Macedonia (Sul do Trapézio Amazônico- Colômbia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-13) GÓMEZ-PULGARÍN, Wilson Eduardo; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5924616509771424; LÓPEZ-GARCÉS, Claudia Leonor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5655397771707702; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0152
The Tikuna or Mágüta indigenous communities that nowadays inhabit the Amazon River / Solimões riverbank, in addition to contact with the school, the Catholic and Evangelical churches and tourism driven mainly by private companies, maintain an increasingly closer relationship with other indigenous peoples, with regional societies occupying Amazonian lands (the “new settlers”) and with the different Nation-States (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). New communication technologies also approach with television, the internet and, therefore, the social networks that connect the world. Meanwhile, the indigenous language is yielding ground in the social places of indigenous communities, children and adolescents begin to value and use other languages, other oralities, other forms of communication. In that scene, the Mágüta people, despite the constant and persistent influences of colonial and messianic thought, retain their language, their narratives and their word. In their narratives are expressed forms of knowledge and memory through which they build their position as a people and as a society in the great Amazon. Therefore, this research seeks to make and issue and understand how the knowledge of the word òrè (oral word and mythical word) is put forth in the indigenous Tikuna community of Macedonia, on the Colombian riverbank of the Amazon / Solimões River. Here the interpretations around orality will be important, the local representations that will place on stage the “power” of the word òrè and the memories of the úkue͂board. In this way, the central theme of this thesis explores the various forms of the word Mágüta in the community of Macedonia, to stop at orality and the message stated in the act of advising. Thus, a methodological approach based on the appeal to individual and collective memory is proposed, which explores communicative acts and researches together with local Mágüta actors (teachers, evangelical pastors, school community and traditional doctors) who still use the native language in the community. In the end, the message of the òrè speaks about the origin, the heroes, the myths and the social construction of the Mágüta people, but it also speaks about the intimate scenarios of everyday life, from where the word of advice that is usually given is activated to relatives, the community and anyone who wishes to receive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Voces de pervivencia, el territorio de resguardo indígena en la Amazonia colombiana, apuesta colectiva para resistir a la violencia política: experiencia del Resguardo Indígena Panuré-Guaviare (1894-1998)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-12) PLAZAS SIERRA, Andrés Mauricio; NEVES, Fernando Arthur de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1491729914353266
This work focuses on analyze the course of collective actions that allowed the constitution of indigenous territories in colombian Amazon, during a period of armed confrontation between 1984 and 1998. To delimitate the objective, it is based on the category of region to understand the process of definition of the department of Guaviare, and in the same scope the territory is detailed to identify the collective elaborations that led to the realization of the "Resguardo Indígena Panuré", a specific experience where historical reflections confluent. In this research the proposal is guided by the theoretical principles of the history of the present time, for this reason it will look for give relevance to the poorly documented collective activity of contemporary Amazonian indigenous communities, deepening the discussion about the effects of its articulation to the structure of the State as an organization, and in it, to follow up the neoliberal postulates of sustainable development for the region. Thus, is used the interpretation of oral sources, rescued in spaces of discussion of colombian indigenous organizations and in interviews, besides the interpretation of the effects of their territorial activities on the cartographic reproduction of the Amazon region.