Navegando por Assunto "Autismo"

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Aplicação de um programa de ensino de leitura e construção de sentenças para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-28) PAIXÃO, Glenda Miranda da; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant disturbances in communication, social interaction and other children's behavior. These disturbances may restrict the development of equivalent stimulus classes, which may hinder the development of repertoires such as reading and writing. To prevent or remedy difficulties in developing these repertoires, behavior analysis studies have applied the Constructed Response Matching to Sample (CRMTS) procedure, in which is required pairing response to the model from the selection of stimuli that compose it. Using this procedure, a series of three studies were conducted with three children diagnosed with ASD, in which were gradually taught to build words and sentences of two to five components and tested the textual reading and reading with comprehension and, as well as the construction of new sentences. The stimuli used were visual and auditory responses and the observation and selection responses got along from the touch on the computer screen. Two children showed textual reading and comprehension, in addition to the widespread construction of three and five terms sentences, showing maintenance of the repertoire after fifteen and thirty days. One child showed textual reading and comprehension, and general construction of sentences with two terms. A fourth participant was exposed to the teaching procedure, which is applied by the mother, showing textual and comprehension reading, and general construction of sentences with five terms, also demonstrating maintenance. The data indicate that there was equivalence classes and ordinal classes formation, maintaining these repertoires even after a period without exposure to tasks for children diagnosed with ASD.
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Aprendizagem observacional em crianças com autismo: efeitos do ensino de respostas de monitoramento via videomodelação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-22) BRASILIENSE, Izabel Cristina da Silva; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Has been pointed that video-modeling seems to promote the observational learning in individuals with Autism, included verbal repertories. However individuals with Autism often exhibit difficulty to learn by observing the actions of others. One method to provide observational learning it is previous training of monitoring pair’s actions. Nevertheless, monitoring training studies has been accomplished in-vivo pairs, making them more expensive and committing experimental control. This study investigated the possibility of establishing monitoring response via video-modeling. Furthermore, investigated if observational learning of tacts and textual could emerge by acquisition of monitoring repertory. Two children with autism participated. Observational learning tests via video-modeling were performed. Then the tact monitoring training via videomodeling was implemented in three steps: (1) teaching of monitoring behavior; (2) attempt to the model’s responses and (3) attempt to the model’s response consequence, not knowing the objects’ tacts. Afterwards, tests for tacts and textual were conducted via video-modeling. Two children acquire monitoring repertory in four sessions, indicating that monitoring training via video-modeling can be an effective and economic alternative for monitoring training. The acquisition of monitoring repertory beneficed the acquisition of tact and textual via observational learning for one of the participants. It is discussed the potential effects of video-modeling to train precurrent behaviors necessary for observational learning and the necessity of continuing researchxii in this area for better comprehension of variables that influence the acquisition of observational learning.
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Atenção conjunta e repertórios verbais em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) SILVA, Flávia Teresa Neves; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
This work brought together a literature review and two experimental studies in order to investigate the relationship between joint attention (JA) and verbal repertoires in children with autism. The first study reviewed studies based on Behavior Analysis methodologies and procedures that investigated the teaching of JA for children with autism, trying to describe and analyze the variables involved in teaching joint attention responses (JAR) and initiation of joint attention (IJA). The first experimental study investigated in three children with autism functional relationships that could be established between social conditional discriminative stimuli/reinforcers and JA, tact and mand. The second experimental study evaluated in three children with autism who had joint attention the relationship between expressive and receptive vocabulary. The literature review showed that Behavior Analysis provides efficient technologies to teach JAR and IJA, but that JAR is more easily installed than the IJA. The results of empirical studies 1) indicate that the JA is important for children with autism properly establish the object-name relationship displayed by adults and thus expand and generalize these learned verbal relations; and 2) have suggested the need for expansion of reinforcing community of this population and the intensive tact instruction in order to increase the opportunities that the child will recruit adult attention as a conditioned social reinforcer.
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Autismo infantil: proposições para minimizar impactos do impactos enfrentado pelos pais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01) GAIA, Carlos
This paper discusses the characterization of infantile autism. The aim is to contribute to proposals that seek to minimize impacts of autistic disorder faced by parents. It is a subject still little known and tentatively studied by experts from various segments of society, especially in educational institutions and health. Its main characteristics are the serious impairment of the development of reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills and presence of behaviors, stereotyped interests and activities. The text is of great relevance to the field of education by discussing a behavioral disorder that affects the relationship between subject and autistic family, school and other social segments. The data come from studies with reflective Theoretical Foundation from literature sources in theoretical physical and virtual, motivated from the subject taught in the course of graduate-level academic master
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Avaliação da adequação dos níveis de funcionalidade do VB-MAPP em uma amostra de crianças brasileiras.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-26) KEUFFER, Sara Ingrid Cruz; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) is a criteria-based assessment tool that can be used as a curriculum guide and repertoire development monitoring system for children with autism and other developmental disorders. The three levels of VB-MAPP were established from typical child development milestones derived primarily from studies with US or European children. Considering the socioeconomic and cultural differences that exist between the United States/Europe and Brazil, this study analyzed the adequacy of VB-MAPP functional levels for the evaluation of verbal, social and motor repertoires of a sample of 61 Brazilian children with typical development, living in Belém do Pará, of both sexes and aged between one and five years. The results showed that the functional levels proposed in the VB-MAPP were adequate to evaluate repertoires of a sample of Brazilian children with typical development, increasing the data on the external validity of the instrument. Based on these results it is suggested the relevance of the use of VB-MAPP in the Brazilian context.
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Avaliação escolar de alunos autistas: um estudo sobre a relação escola-família em uma instituição pública de ensino do município de Belém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-30) FERREIRA, Vivianne Cristinne Marinho Freitas; PAIXÃO, Carlos Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5926523492011056
This work have the objective was to analyze the evaluation process of autistic student learning, from the perspective of school-family relationship. To accomplish this, information was raised through interviews with four teachers and three guardians of students with autism in a public school of Belém do Pará. The data obtained through the interviews, along with the balance of scientific literature on evaluation in Brazil, constituted the material to be analyzed and interpreted. The results show that teachers carry out a formative evaluation, seeking evaluative strategies that enhance the perception of learning evolution of their students, using diverse instruments. However, the assessment of learning held at Blue school suffers loss primarily because of regular classroom teachers do not receive adequate training, it should be offered by SEMEC -PA, to work with this audience, which is contrary to the requirements of official documents. The mothers interviewed know little or nothing of the evaluation process to which your child is subjected. Mothers of autistic students and teachers reported perceive the progress in the development of their children in the social aspect of language, behavior and in some educational factors. As for the relationship between family and school, two of the three mothers interviewed include participation in school as an educational and political aspect, where their presence aids in child's learning process, either through information sharing about the child, either through struggle so that the rights of their child are guaranteed. However, the teachers reported that family involvement in school is mainly through the multifunction capabilities room, which is where they get their information about their students. The interviewees pointed out the need for continuing education addressing the autism theme for teachers to take ownership of this knowledge and thus help in their school practices. Teachers also suggest that we make a greater school partnership with the family to the student's learning is favored because this knowledge about the autistic student reality will help this professional, making act with more respect and responsibility.
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Avaliando a alteração da função de faces via equivalência de estímulos e pareamento de estímulos tipo respondente (ReT) em crianças com TEA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-28) BORDA, Gisell Andrea Díaz; SILVA, Álvaro Júnior Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8960291779730857; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-384X
Children with atypical development may have deficient face observation behavior. This deficit may explain, in part, some of their difficulties in social interaction and acquisition of complex behavior such as the verbal repertoire. The present dissertation explored the effect of two types of procedures: equivalence-based instruction and stimulus pairing, on the alteration of face functions measured by preference tests for human faces figures and duration of human face observation responses in social tests. The behavioral processes involved in face observation responses in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were researched in the two studies presented here. Experiment I, evaluated the effect of equivalence-based instruction on the potential transfer of function from preference figures items to figures of human faces and properly human faces. Three children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. A Pre-test and post-test design was used, with multiple baseline temporal controls, divided into three phases: a) Pre-test: assessment of the choice responses and face observation, b) Intervention: equivalence class formation via identity matching with class-specific consequences, c) Post-test: repetition of measurements made in Pre-test phase. Results demonstrated that, despite the difficulty in documenting the emergence of conditional relations that prove properties of equivalence relations (only symmetry was obtained for two of the three participants), changes in choice responses to figures of human faces was evidenced in two participants. One of the participants showed also changes in social tests. However, in the reinforcement phase of the conditional relations of this study, there was pairing between stimuli: access to a high magnitude preference item is preceded by the presentation of a visual stimulus (figures of human faces). Therefore, Study II assessed the possible effect of this pairing alone on the function of faces in children diagnosed with ASD. Two children who did not participate in Study I took part in Study II. An intra-subject design comparing Pre-test and Post-test measures was implemented, organized in a multiple probe schedule between participants, divided into three phases: a) Pre-test; b) Intervention: respondent-type (ReT) pairing between pictures of faces and highly preferred item and between an abstract figure and a lower preferred item, and c) Post-test: repetition of Pre-test measures as described in Study I. Study II, therefore, was complementary to Study I. The results in Study II show alteration of responding to faces in preference tests and social tests for one of the two participants. The data obtained in this dissertation add basic research knowledge to identify behavioral processes involved in the human facial observational responses, as well as provide relevant information to the area of Applied Behavior Analysis to the intervention of children who have difficulties in attention to faces. The procedures explored point to the use of methodological strategies to alter the function of the faces and show the potential of the stimulus equivalence paradigm in altering observation responses.
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Avaliando o uso de reforçamento em um procedimento de correção no ensino de tato para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) CARNEIRO, Ana Carolina Cabral; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
An important aspect of intervention for people with autism based on Applied Behavior Analysis is that procedures should be used to reduce errors while learning a repertoire, considering the effects that errors may have on the learning process. Some studies have investigated the effects of correction procedure that requires active student response after the repetition of a trial with error. Some intervention manuals recommend do not reinforce answers corrected in the correction procedure with active response to prevent the establishment dependence of prompt used for correction. This study investigated the effect of reinforcement in an active-response correction procedure during the tact training in four children with autism. In an intra-participant design an echoic to tact training was made (initial training with simultaneous echoic prompt and then with a 3 s. delayed prompt) with adapted alternating treatment - one condition with reinforcement after corrections and the other condition unreinforced. All participants needed less correction trials in condition with reinforcement than in unreinforced correction condition, and participant‘s performance was superior in training condition with reinforcement after correction in nine of the twelve stimulus sets used in the study. We discuss the effectiveness of the reinforcement after the correction procedure, the absence of reinforcement dependence in this procedure, and the applied implications of the results.
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Caminhos de formação em música de estudantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo em uma escola técnica em música
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-26) RODRIGUES, Jessika Castro; FREITAS JÚNIOR, Áureo Déo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9902320223569217
The approach in this research relates aspects which point the look to the trajectory in the technical course of music of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) people to acquire a degree in music. This is a case study of the process of training in the musical technical course of ASD people, for that, the School of Music of the Federal University of Pará (EMUFPA) was selected for being a technical school in music that has graduated students with ASD. The research has the overall objective to understand the process of music training of students with ASD in the technical course EMUFPA. Focusing specifically on identifying the role of "Programa Cordas da Amazônia (PCA)” (Strings of the Amazon Program) on the integration of people with ASD to music learning; describing the action of the "Núcleo de Atendimento a Pessoas com Necessidades Específicas (NAPNE)" (Assistance Center for People with Special Needs) of EMUFPA related to students with ASD; and analyzing the process of music training for ASD students at EMUFPA technical course. To achieve the proposed objective qualitative approach was adopted and as a technique for data collection, semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used. The research partners were: the director of the PCA, the coordinator of the NAPNE/EMUFPA, the director of EMUFPA, two (n=2) students with ASD graduated in the EMUFPA technical course and their caregivers. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were literally transcribed, categorized and analyzed along with the documents mentioned in the survey. The investigator of this research points to the PCA as an effective action on the integration of ASD people in learning and in the musical activity; difficulty in deploying the Napne in EMUFPA by the lack of material human educational structural financial resources, as well as the lack of definition of the roles between the DIS and Napne and school support; it was also demonstrated the different paths taken by students with ASD, however highlighted the interest, opportunity, barriers, achievements and continuity as relevant parts of the training process. The contribution of this research goes beyond the particular cases of the actors involved, emerging in the development of proposals in musical education of ASD people, related to their training and their effects may also refer to various specific needs.
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Classes de equivalência e expansão de repertórios verbais autoclíticos em crianças com diagnóstico de autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-26) KATAOKA, Katarina Dias; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
The possible identity between equivalence relations and functional classes is consistent with the proposal that all elements arbitrarily related in the contingence can participate in the classes. This proposal makes it feasible obtaining equivalence relations properties via three-term contingencies. Additionally, the applied potential of class formation procedures in advancing verbal repertoires in children diagnosed with autism remains underexplored. The present dissertation includes two studies. Study 1 investigated stimulus class formation (via procedure of repeated reversals of simple discrimination [RRDS] using compound class-specific consequences) and the junction of classes formed via RRDS with classes formed via MTS. In Study 2, RRDS and MTS procedures with compound class-specific consequences, were used to produced formation/expansion of arbitrary classes "female / male" and the productivity of verbal relations including linguistic coordination of gender. Participants were two children diagnosed with autism. In Study 1, RRDS training with ABC and BCD stimulus sets was performed, besides “tests for functional class formation”; “test for equivalence relations AD, BD and DC”, “arbitrary MTS training DE and tests for ED and EC relations”; “tests for functional class formation BCDE”. Both participants showed evidence of class formation. The data obtained with both participants confirm the expansion of classes. This set of data suggests that findings documenting functional and equivalence classes reflect the same behavioral phenomena (substitutability of arbitrarily related elements) via different procedures. In Study 2, the stimuli were pictures of objects and stimuli "a" and "o" which were related to the classes "masculine" and "feminine". RRDS were processed with stimulus sets ABCDE, besides “MTS AF”, “tests in the context of simple discrimination with stimulus sets BCDEF”, and “generalization tests” (tasks that simulated the educational context) to check the formation of classes in other contexts and with new stimuli. The results showed the establishment and incorporation of new stimuli in classes "masculine" and "feminine" and expansion of classes. The accuracy of results in productivity test was above 90%, indicating that performance obtained in class formation procedure remained accurate when stimulus control tasks were presented in new ways, more similar to academic tasks. This type of result encourages the use of such procedures in the construction of complex stimulus control of education programs with children diagnosed with autism.
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Comportamentos de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista com pares nos contextos de educação musical e recreio escolar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-05) NASCIMENTO, Paulyane Silva do; FREITAS JÚNIOR, Áureo Déo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9902320223569217; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
The present study investigated personal characteristics, environmental and behavioral factors that may enable or impede/prevent the social interaction of children with ASD with their peers. Were analyzed the benefits of music education context as a promoter of this interaction. To organize the issuance of these forms of behavior, were elaborated the "Protocol observation of behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with their peers". The study investigated two children, male, diagnosed with ASD, of the Garden I, of the regular schools of the city of Belém/PA. The children were six and five years old, respectively, and were matriculated in percussion’ classes in Music’s School from Belem/PA. Three sessions were analyzed at regular school environment (during recreation), lasting 20 min each; and 8 sessions in the context of music education (lessons percussion), 30 minutes each. The results showed that the behaviors among children with ASD and their peers occurred in both contexts occurred in both contexts, however reaching higher frequency in the context free (regular school / recreation). As to the benefits of music education, The participant 1 (6 years), whose profile was marked by the acceptance of physical contact, and a search for persons, obtained the increase of functional initiative's behaviors and decreased of non-functional's responses. Observed it was also the occurrence of functional initiatives through repetitive behaviors, indicating that this peculiarity could do helping the child to approach and interact with peers. Already the participating 2 (5 years), with a profile marked by touch, emotional expression appropriate to the context, and social reciprocity (though occasionally), we observed a strong influence of the adult in the child's behavior. This influence was positive (to reduce the emission of non-functional behaviors) and negative (when had the high assist disregarding the child's strengths and hindering its interaction with peers). We conclude that given the low frequency of such behaviors, we cannot say that the changes are related exclusively to this environment, but only to the contiguity of the possibilities represented by the profile of the child and openness of each context for the expression and stimulation of these capabilities, as well as for the provision of tools to permit the seizure or reinforce behaviors conducive to social interaction.
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Comportamentos de crianças do espectro do autismo com seus pares no contexto de educação musical
(2015-03) NASCIMENTO, Paulyane Silva do; ZANON, Regina Basso; BOSA, Cleonice Alves; NOBRE, João Paulo dos Santos; FREITAS JUNIOR, Aureo Deo de; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the areas of social interaction, communication, behavior and sensory processing. Aspects related to difficulties in social interaction repertoire, as well as strategies to help them behave more adequately have been widely studied. Among these strategies, those using music have received attention. The present study aims to investigate the benefits of music education to the social interaction of children with ASD, with their peers, focusing on both the quality and frequency of these behaviors. Two ASD children, aged 5 and 6 years respectively, who attended a percussion class group, participated in the study. The Demographics and Development information enabled the children´s profiles to be drawn. The social interaction behaviors were coded using a Behavioral Observation Protocol during 8 sessions (240 minutes). The results suggest that both tended to increase initiatives and spontaneous responses and to decrease non-functional behaviors as the sessions progressed. It was found that stereotypies were used by the ASD children when attempting to interact with others, albeit sporadically. The role of context, of the children's profile and of adult behavioral management of children in promoting interactions was highlighted.
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Crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: os desafios do cuidado e tecnologias cuidativas na ótica dos profissionais de saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-08) SILVA JÚNIOR, Marco Antônio Mesquita da; POLARO, Sandra Helena Isse; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7875594038005793; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-5080
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behavioral syndrome with developmental, behavioral and social interaction disorders. Care technologies, used by the multidisciplinary team, are strategies that seek to promote satisfactory results in social interaction, behavior and breaking stereotypical routines. The study aims to reveal the challenges that permeate the care of health professionals who care for children with ASD and to learn about the care technologies used in the care of health professionals who care for children with ASD. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out between July and August 2023. 17 health professionals were interviewed. The data were analyzed from the perspective of Bardin's content analysis technique and processed by the software Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. The results of processing the Iramuteq software identified 6 classes and, through semantic grouping, three thematic categories emerged: “Techniques and strategies used in the intervention and behavioral management of children with ASD”; “Challenges in providing care to children with ASD” and “Role of the family in caring for children with ASD: Challenges, Acceptance and Overcoming”. It is concluded that it is essential to adopt multidisciplinary approaches, which integrate techniques, technologies, specialized clinical care, family support and integration into the social context, to promote comprehensive care for children with ASD.
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O cuidador como mediador no ensino de habilidade de engajamento conjunto para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-19) SANTOS, Adrine Carvalho dos; GAROTTI, Marilice Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2218504886013525
Children with autism are characterized by significant deficits to engage in behaviors coordinated attention (CA). The CA impairment interfere with development of the child's attentional states, involving the joint engagement with each other. Hence, the use of interventions based on teaching this skill is becoming increasingly common. Results from various studies indicate that skills training targeted at parents is associated with increased communication and social skills of children with autism. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention with caregivers program, based on the proposed by Kasari et al (2010) and examine the relationship between the caregiver responsiveness and engagement whole attention, and maintenance of new repertoire three months after completion the study (follow-up). Participants were seven caregivers and their children diagnosed with autism, aged between 47 and 67 months. The intervention program administered with the caregivers lasted two months, and consisted of four group meetings four individualized monitoring. Filming of moments of interaction between child and caregiver were performed in all phases of the study for further analysis, in addition, other measures were administered, they are, Social Interaction Scale, ABFW Test (pragmatic language) and Scale of Adherence to Training . The results indicated significant differences in the duration of the joint engagement (p = 0.016) and non-joint (p = 0.018) measured before and after the intervention, the Wilcoxon test for repeated measures showed significant differences (p = 0.016) in the behavior of caregivers after the intervention, there were no significant changes in pragmatic language of children. The data indicated that the course promoted changes in the pattern of engagement of the child with the caregiver and also promoted an increase in the responsiveness of caregivers, and these gains were maintained during the session seguimento.Os findings were relevant to strengthen the importance of develop intervention programs that empower parents to promote improvements in sociocomunicativas skills of their children with autism.
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EDEUCAÇÃO MUSICAL PARA CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO: compondo caminhos à prática docente em Castanhal-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-14) ZIMMER, Paulyane Nascimento; FREITAS JÚNIOR, Áureo Déo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9902320223569217
The quality of music education in the early grades and the challenges of inclusion reveal the importance of providing training opportunities. This study aimed to build a training proposal for Music teachers to teach students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Early (Childhood Education and, to this end: (a) to format a training proposal for Music teachers with a focus on Teaching Music for children with ASD in Eariy Childhood Education; (b) apply training for musie teachers working in Castanhal/PA; and, (c) evaluate its impact on the course participants' practice during the rescarch. This is an experimental study with a Technical-scientific basis, cross-sectional and with a theoretical-practical focus, within the methodological parameters of action rescarch. The sample obtained by the non-parametric sampling technique includes 3 teacher trainers and 13 course participants, Five modules were formatied (Autism Spectrum Disorder and human development in childhood; MUSICAL EDUCATION AND AUTISM: materials and techniques for teaching music and inclusion; Edwin Gordon's Music Leaming Theory applied to Autism; MUSICAL EDUCATION AND INCLUSION: Planning and cvaluation; and, Superviscd Practice in Teaching Music to Chiláren with ASD). À website and six protocols were developed for data collection: Socio- demographic questionnaire and survey of the students knowledge; Structural assessment of the MusiTEA training modules; Questionnaire for validation of the MusiTEA website; Form for evaluating and adjustment of the MusiTEA training modutes; Lesson plan evaluation sheet (Supervised Practice); and, Supervised Practice Assessment Sheet (MusiTEA) - Recorded MLT Activity. The modules, protocols and website were validated by pairs of independent judges until obtaining a minimum of 80% agreement. The collected data on the use of exploratory analysis, descriptive analysis, as well as the Wilcoxon Test with null and attemative hypothes: HO-0.5 and 0.5 and 0.5 and 0.5, a = 0 05 (adopted 5%) and significance level of 95%. The Excel program was used for descriptive statistics, creation of tables, graphs and data cleaning, The good performance of the course participants was observed between the application of modules 1 and 2 (T * = 46.5 > Títabled) = S, rejects HO). However, there were mo improvements between modules | and 3 (T * = 17.5 > T(tabled) = 0, does not reject HO); registering a “fall” between the application of modules 2 and 3 (T * = 10 > Títable) = 2, does mot reject HO). In comparison with modules 1 and 4, the latter showed better performance (T * = 37 > Títabled) = 8, rejects HO). The performance oscillations support that HO should not be rejected in favor of HI, and it cannot be said that the course improved the course participants' performance, although the descriptive data reveal the substantial scope of the training. The retum of participants to teach classes in a hybrid format during the occurrence of module 3 proved to be one of the impacts of the Pandemic scenario. It s suggested to replicate the study 'with a larger n and review the modules.
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Educação Musical e Autismo : Análise da Educação Musical como recurso de inclusão social presente no programa Violino em Grupo em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-03) BATISTA, Antônio de Pádua Araújo; FREITAS JÚNIOR, Áureo Déo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9902320223569217
Working with music education in an inclusive perspective means making commitments to people, their families and the society in which they live, where making music becomes a social act, whose action can influence and provoke transformations. The “inclusion” theme has occupied a privileged place of debate on the agenda of major national and international conferences, with regard to the democratization of access for people with disabilities (PCDs) to education, leading to the creation of laws aimed at their specificities. With this, strengthened by the demands and pressures of various social groups that defend the recognition of this equality of access, important legal documents have been prepared, the Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (1975), the World Action Program for Persons with Disabilities ( 1982), the Declaration of Cartagena (1992), the Declaration of Salamanca (1994), the Charter for the Third Millennium (1999), Law No. 12764 (2012), which determines that people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are considered people with disabilities, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-5 (2014) and Law No. 13,146 (2015), which institutes Social Inclusion and Citizenship of Persons with Disabilities (Statute of Persons with Disabilities). This study is justified by addressing a recurrent theme at national and international level, as the access of students with ASD to educational spaces is evident as an undeniable right, whether in regular education institutions, arts education or in the sporting environment, in character formal or informal. The study aimed to investigate Music Education, as a resource for social inclusion of children with ASD, present in the program "Violin in Group: interdisciplinarity and language innovation in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder", developed in the Graduate Program in Arts of UFPA – PPGARTES. Its deployment takes place in three specific objectives: 1) Describe, based on previous works, audiovisual recordings and reports, the pedagogical actions, strategies and teaching resources applied in the Violin Group Extension Program laboratory; 2) Verify the musical learning of students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), program participants, based on the collected data and, 3) Analyze the contributions of Music Education, as a resource for the social inclusion of children with ASD, through the Violin Group Program. To carry out this study, a bibliographic research was carried out, through a review of national and international literature, with a Quantitative approach and a Quasi-Experimental design, having as source the data collected through audiovisual and photographic records, reports, interviews and production academic, originated from the pedagogical practices developed in the program. The research revealed that students with ASD, when placed in a common teaching environment, can learn to play a musical instrument at a level similar to typical Neuro. It also revealed that the Music Education proposed by the Program fulfilled its role of social inclusion for PCD's students. It is expected that, through the registration of pedagogical resources and teaching material collected through this research, it will add to the professionals and institutions that promote Inclusive Music Education.
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Efeitos de pareamento estímulo-estímulo sobre respostas a vozes e faces em crianças diagnosticas com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-06) MOREIRA, Jenifer Léda Muniz; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may have, among other deficits, low frequency of visual contact (look at the face of another person) and little interest in human voices. This can affect the social development and acquisition of verbal repertoire. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure on: (1) the preference for human faces and voices of two children diagnosed with autism and (2) the performance of such participants in a set of social tests. The procedure was divided into two phases: 1) face conditioning and 2) voice conditioning. Phase 1 comprised baseline evaluation (multiple measures of responding to face figures and face itself) and face conditioning (“face-figure/reinforcer” pairing and “face/reinforcer” pairing). Phase 2 consisted of assessment of preference for voices, followed by voice conditioning, in which the reproduction of recorded voices was paired with the reinforcers. Frequency and duration of attend to voices and faces were measured in pre and post tests. The results show that measures based on response time were more appropriate to assess the effects of manipulation, with more evident effect of “voice-reinforcer” pairing than visual pairing. This study describes advances with respect to operant repertoires (observing responses) that result in exposure to human faces and voices in children diagnosed with autism. It is suggested that future studies explore possible functional relation between voice and face conditioning on the acquisition of other repertoires such as joint attention response, joint attention initiation, as well as verbal repertoires, such as tact and mand.
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Efeitos do número de pareamentos no uso do procedimento de observação de pareamento de estímulos para ensinar tato e resposta de ouvinte para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-23) TRINDADE, Eduardo Nascimento; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Two procedures have been proposed as alternatives to matching to sample as ways to induce the emergence of repertoires not directly taught: 1) multiple exemplar instruction (MEI); and 2) stimulus observation pairing (SPO). MEI implies the rotation of teaching different responses to a stimulus (ex, tact and listener response), which favors the incidental learning of these types of responses to new stimuli from the teaching only one type. In the SPO is only required the observation of stimuli presented next to each other, without differential reinforcement. The results of some studies suggest that a higher frequency of pairings could lead to the emergence of tact and listener responses not taught directly, and that the stimuli pairings may affect the MEI. The present study evaluated the effect of SPO with a higher frequency of pairings by trials on the emergence of tact and listener responses in three children with autism, and the effect of SPO in teaching these responses through MEI. For two participants, the SPO with more pairings by trials favored the emergence of the listener repertoire. These participants only learned tact responses after MEI. SPO had a facilitating effect on MEI training. The role of MEI and intensive tact training for the emergence of tact and listener repertoires is discussed, as well as the types of stimulus control that the SPO seems to favor, and the possibility of investigating the SPO in more natural situations that may favor the learning of tact without direct training.
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Efeitos do uso de histórias infantis sobre o reconhecimento de expressões faciais de emoções em crianças com autismo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-26) LIMA, Anne Abreu de; GAROTTI, Marilice Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2218504886013525; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
Between the deficits in communication and social interaction often observed in individuals with autism, highlights the difficulty in recognizing facial expressions of emotion. This is one of the most important skills for social interactions are effective, studies have sought to develop teaching procedures of this competence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the use of children's stories, in training for the recognition of facial expressions of emotion in children with autism. The study included six children diagnosed with autism, at mild to moderate with age between 6 to 7 years. The procedure consisted of five phases: Pre-Testing, Training, Post-Test, Test of generalization and Follow-Up. It was used in the pre and post-test 40 stimuli composed of drawings and photographs of faces (of different ages and races) with four different facial expressions - happiness, sadness, anger and fear. The pre-test and post-test consisted of 10 attempts. In each trial were presented four different stimuli with the four expressions and it was required that the participant pointed to figure with the words requested. In training were used 20 stories, five on each one of the expressions. The stories were submitted and, after, was asked to participant pointing the figure corresponding to words highlighted in history. The test of generalization was composed of video presentation of four stories (one of each facial expression). After watching the video was requested to participant pointing to the figure corresponding to words highlighted in the video. The Follow-up consisted in the production of the test of generalization, four weeks after the application of the first test. The criterion of change of Pré-Teste to the training was 70% of errors and the training for the post - Test to test the generalization was 90%. The results showed that all participants did not identify facial expressions of emotion in the pre-test, but began to recognize them after training and showed widespread performance of recognition of emotions in the test of Generalization. I Follow - up only participants P1, P2, P3, and P6 maintained the test performance of generalization. These results indicate that the use of children's stories is a feature of play - effective teaching to teach the recognition of facial expressions of emotion to children with autism.
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Emergência de relações diretas e indiretas após treino do tipo respondente em crianças com e sem autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-29) PEREIRA, André Abraçado; TONNEAU, François Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2917023797307669
Studies have been designed using methodological alternatives to the use of operant reinforcement in contexts of training of complex behavioral relations (e.g., Leader, BarnesHolmes e Smeets, 1996). One of these alternatives consists of the training of the respondent type, which consists of presenting stimuli in pairs without providing reinforcers. Although no explicit response is required in this procedure, indirect or equivalence relations are generated (Sidman, 1994). The present study aimed to compare the effects of training of the respondent type, involving previously known visual stimuli, on the performance of children with autism spectrum disorder and typical children in tests of direct and indirect relations between stimuli. A total of 15 children, five to eleven years old, participated in the study. Five children had previously been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ten children were typical. All participants were exposed to matching between stimuli of sets A and B, and between stimuli of sets A and C. Test phases consisted of matching to sample tests (without reinforcement) involving direct (BA and CA) and indirect (BC and CB) relationships. Most participants obtained results close to chance, but with systematic differences between direct and indirect pairs. We discuss these results based on methodological aspects and characteristics of the participants.