Navegando por Assunto "Bioecologia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effects of environmental factors on community structure of Leptophlebiidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Cerrado streams, Brazil
(2013-09) BRASIL, Leandro Schlemmer; SHIMANO, Yulie; BATISTA, Joana Darc; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos
We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on abundance, species richness, and functional group richness of Leptophlebiidae in 16 sampling points along four Cerrado streams. Across three periods of 2005, we collected 5,492 larvae from 14 species in stream bed substrate. These species belong to three functional feeding groups: scrapers, filtering collectors and shredders. The abundance and species richness were not affected by water quality, but habitat quality related to presence of riparian vegetation had positive effects on the abundance of shredders. Our results add important information on the natural history of the species and functional groups of aquatic insects and also provide relevant data for the monitoring and conservation of streams in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estresse, características resilientes e sociodemográficas de alunos com deficiência e com transtornos funcionais específicos da UFPA (Campus do Guamá)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-05) PEREIRA, Rosamaria Reo; FACIOLA, Rosana Assef; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1881850972010705; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
This study aims to describe the bioecology of students with disabilities and with specific functional disorders at Federal University of Pará, that is, their bio demographic characteristics, their perceptions about themselves and about the academic context. This study is organized into four studies, consisting of a theoretical session (study 1) and an empirical session (studies 2, 3 and 4). The first study aimed to establish an overview of studies that investigated the inclusion of student with disabilities in higher education in three databases, in English language articles from 2003 to 2015. The research resulted in 30 studies. The data was organized into six categories: university context, support, characteristics of the student with disabilities, academic difficulties, methodology and transition. The problems related to the physical and social context, support services, personal characteristics of the student with disabilities, academic difficulties, methodologies and the transition to higher education were highlighted. Despite the efforts of some institutions; quite a lot still needs to be done to offer these students an education of quality. The objective of the second study was to identify the sociodemographic and academic characteristics of students with disabilities and with specific functional disorders enrolled at Federal University of Pará, as well as to identify their perceptions regarding their general difficulties and their suggestions for improving accessibility within the Campus of Guamá. For data analysis, 50 students answered the sociodemographic questionnaire and were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The offering of quotas, the academic support available at the time of Enem test and the non-avoidance and repetition of students with disabilities and with specific functional disorders of the undergraduate courses revealed the facilitating actions that contributed to permanence of these students in the university. On the other hand, Federal University of Pará needs to invest more in research, monitoring and activities of extension, inform the students about the financial programs aimed at meeting the physical and material needs of this public and to improve the conditions of architectural accessibility within the campus, since the lack of it interferes in the academic life of these students. Results showed that this knowledge can favor the planning of institutional policies that favors the inclusion and the well-being of these students at Federal University of Pará and at other higher education institutions. The third study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and academic characteristics of 50 students with disabilities and with specific functional disorders at the Federal University of Pará and to correlate them with levels of stress and resilience. The instruments used were a semi-structured questionnaire and two scales: Perceived Stress Scale and Resilience Scale. The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the exploratory statistical technique. The results showed that students with high levels of stress have moderate and low levels of resilience. It was concluded the need to develop programs aimed at maintaining effective coping strategies in facing adverse situations within the academic context. The aim of the fourth study was to describe the perception of stress on students with disabilities and with specific functional disorders at the Federal University of Pará. The participants were 50 undergraduate students. This sample was obtained from a population of 192 students enrolled at the university. According to the data obtained from the quantitative instruments, 29 students with high stress level and 21 with low stress level were selected. Of the 29 students with stress, 11 accepted17 to participate in the qualitative phase and from the remaining 21, eight agreed to participate in the study, that is, 19 students participated in the qualitative phase. The instruments used were: semistructured socio-demographic questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and interview script with open questions. The results were analyzed through the descriptive analysis statistic to find measures of central tendency, as well as the technique of content analysis to evaluate the qualitative data. The results showed that students who had high levels of stress were less positive and determined, presented fewer resources and suffered more from prejudice. They perceived the contexts with less serenity and evaluated their past life with more reports of emotional conflicts. In relation to the proximal processes, they were more stressed in the involvement of academic activities, being able to establish less relationships and friendships in the university context. It was concluded that students who presented high levels of stress are more likely to present emotional and physical problems than the students with less stress, deserving attention from the administrative staff of Federal University of Pará. Finally, it is expected that the present study will encourage the development of policies of affirmative actions to support students, in order to eliminate architectural, pedagogical, attitudinal and communicational barriers and to invest in the training of the faculty and the administrative agents in order to ensure permanence and promote the equalization of opportunities for students with disabilities at Federal University of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de Simuliidae (Diptera : Nematocera) e seus criadouros em igarapés do município de Santo Antônio do Tauá, estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-05-03) SANTOS, Emerson Monteiro; GORAYEB, Inocêncio de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2391620537048479
Considering the importance of black flies to human and animal health and to stream ecology, the simuliid fauna of Santo Antônio do Tauá. Pará state, northern Brazil, was studied through determination of the breeding habitat, introduction in streams of artificial breeding substrates for colonization by larvae, analysis of the aquatic insects associated with simuliid breeding sites, biting times and frequencies of anthrophilic black fly species, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the vegetation at breeding sites, physical and chemical analyses of stream water at these sites, analyses of local weather conditions, and morphometrics of immature Simulium quadrifidum to determine the number of larval instars. The aquatic insect faunas and the respective relative abundances of Simuliidae in two streams were studied. The species that were collected are Simulium perflavum, Simulium quadrijidum, Simulium incrustatum and Simulium goeldii. The immature forms of Simulium perflavum were the predominant ones in disturbed environments, clear waters. Simulium quadrifidum predominated in generally unaltered, black water environments, with low nutrient levels. Simulium incrustatum was more abundant in environments with low vegetation and found Only in clear waters. Simulium goeldii was registered only in areas of primary forest (that is, those showing little alteration) and was more abundant in black waters. The factor that most interfered with simuliid larvae colonizing the artificial substrates was the constant oscillation in the water level of the streams during the time that these substrates were exposed in the water. Aquatic insects were more abundant during the dry season. The biting habits of female Simulium incruslatum were studied for the first time in Pará: two daily peaks in biting frequency were observed with human volunteers, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon, with biting frequencies showing significant differences among vegetation types during these periods, and a significant negative correlation with air temperature in secondary forest during the dry season. The number of larval instars was determined for Simulium quadrificlum, and females of this species were found to oviposit only during the afternoon at 16:30h. New records of predators of adult black flies are presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um olhar bioecológico sobre os efeitos da comunicação alternativa na interação professor-aluno com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA, Rafael Luiz Morais da; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
Studies on syntactic communication has revealed that both the verbal repertoire as non-verbal produce significant changes in social interaction, and therefore human development. The talks, for example, has been seen as socially communicative modality required for building relationships in different contexts and cultures. However, this mode is not always the most available resource especially for those who have changes in their development. Given this, it is common through facial expressions, eye movement and / or wink of the intentional movements as point, people with disabilities try to seek compensation for ways to express their desires, thoughts and frustrations. In this sense, resources and alternative communication strategies have been used as useful tools for the individual to achieve greater social participation in the various contexts in which it presents itself. However, in the school environment literature has highlighted that the barriers of communication between teacher and student with disabilities can do harm in the process of teaching and learning. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the teacher-student with cerebral palsy before and after the introduction of these tools. To this end, we carried out a qualitative study, the type of case study research with action. The main steps of this study were: no filming of the interactive features of alternative communication, training of teachers in school and filming of the episodes related to the alternative communication. The data were analyzed qualitatively, considering the four dimensions of human development bioecological model proposed by Bronfenbrenner (1998): Case, Person, Context and Time. Among the results of this research include: greater mutual engagement in the development of the episodes, with increase in the extent of communicative links, better perception of the teacher about the student's communication skills and tendency of educators to use these tools for teaching . From this, it was concluded that these resources boosted the interactions the teacher and the student with cerebral palsy, however its implementation in daily school life requires positive interdependence of various factors, among which the personal attributes generators and developmentally largest base of regular time using these tools.