Navegando por Assunto "Caititu"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfológica e topográfica das células ganglionares da retina do caititu (Tayassu tajacu)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-22) COSTA, Kelly Helorany Alves; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245
In the Amazon there are several different wild animals species, becoming this way a good environment to investigated about compared physiology. Among this species, the caititu, Tayassu tajacu, stood out. This animals is located in central America and Latin America. There are many publications around morphology of sexual organs, meat and blood of the catitu. Although, regarding studies about visual’s morphology are scarce. Facing this reality, the present study investigated a morphology and topography of ganglion cells of Tayassu tajacu’s retina. Were used six retina, from eight animals, Both sexes of the species Tayassu tajacu. The caititu born and raised in captivity in the Brazilian company of research known as Embrapa/Pará. Were slaughtered according to the rules of animals ‘s management to subsequent removal and attachment of eyes. The retinas were dissected and stained using Nissl technique to ganglion cells of view, displaced amacrine, red blood cells, microglia cells and components of vascularization. A count of ganglion cells was made a long the horizontal and vertical axis. Being the number of ganglion cells by field converted into density values. The different regions of the retina were analyzed as the cellular density, obtaining the medium value of the density 351,822 ± 31,434 CG/mm². Verified different of the density between the studies regions : The dorsal region had a medium density and standard deviation 894 ± 44 CG/mm², the ventral region 894 ± 1 CG/mm²; the nasal region 1.403 ± 43; the temporal region with 1596 ± 251. The average peak density located approximately 3.13 mm from the dorsal direction and 6.77 mm in the temporal direction of the optic nerve, was 6767 GC / mm². Check there are two specialized regions, the visual streak region and the area temporalis. The visual streak located in the horizontal direction of the nasal region to temporal, presenting higher cellular density, possibly providing better panoramic vision from the environment and detecting the objects in the horizontal direction. Already the temporalis area, located within the visual range, provides increased visual acuity and spatial resolution, the environment that they live. These results allow to start comparisons between morphophysiological the retina of peccaries with other animal species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da torta de dendê na dieta de caititus (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-08) COSTA, Jociel Ferreira; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The commercial breeding of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) has awakened interest in farmers due to the demand for its meat consumption and industrial use of byproducts such as leather. However, the highest cost of production of this species in captivity are the expenses on food. In this context, the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis), a fibrous byproduct extracted from the fruit nut, has a low cost and high availability in Pará State, Brazil, thus it’s possible to be used in the animal diet. Considering this, the aim of this study was to test the efficiency of the palm kernel cake inclusion in diets for collared peccaries in replacement of wheat bran, checking their weight gain, feed intake, carcass and non-components of carcass characteristics. For that, the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel cake inclusion with 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% in diets offered to the animals were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Eastern Amazon Region in 12 experimental stalls (12m2), using 40 male collared peccaries in finishing phase. Two animals were housed in each stall, in which they were given the corresponding treatment feed. Each enclosure served as an experimental unit, plus the stalls and their respective treatments were defined by drawing lots. The animals were divided according to weight and age, using a randomized block design. After the nutritional experiment the animals were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse for pigs. According to the treatments used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), average daily gain (ADG) was 46.85g, 26.83g, 36.10g and 52.13g and daily feed intake was 437.68g, 440.27g, 436.54, 436.25g respectively. The animals gained more weight as the inclusion of palm kernel cake increased in their diet, although the significant difference (p<0.05) was only observed in T7,5% compared to T0% and T22%. For each treatment used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), carcass dressing percentage was 59.54%, 56.63%, 56.58%, 62.07%, and ham percentage 31.61%, 33.58%, 30.16% and 35.57%, respectively, without significant difference (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the treatments used in both variables, there was an increase tendency of 4% and 12% for carcass dressing percentage and ham percentage, respectively, in T22, 5% when compared to T0%. Live weight, fasting weight, hot carcass, carcass length, blood, head, skin, organs, paws and commercial cuts were not influenced by the levels of palm kernel cake inclusion (p>0,05). The results suggest the inclusion to the level of 22%, of palm kernel cake in the collared peccary feed, in replacement of wheat bran, without any harms of animal performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação cromossômica intrapopulacional da espécie Tayassu tajacu criada em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-04-13) SOUZA, Patrícia Carvalho de; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
The collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) is found from southern United States to northern Argentina. In Brazil, it ranges all over the country and is a source of meat for local people. Thus, a cytogenetic analysis is an important tool to evaluate reproductive efficiency at animals breeding in captivity that in order to commercialization. The aim of this study was to determine the chromosomal number of this specie from animals breeding in captivity of different populations. The animals utilized in this work were from different Brazilian populations: 6 animals from Mossoró (RN), 1 from Ipixuna (PA) and 4 from Uruará (PA). Metaphase chromosomes were prepared from cultured blood lymphocytes, following standard procedures. The results showed the same karyotypic pattern found for others authors (2n = 30 chromosomes and FN = 48), although, not any differences were found among these populations. But, they showed the same South American pattern, however, chromosomal polymorphism were found when compared to others populations, in Brazil and others countries (United States and French Guiana).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo morfofisiológico do epidídimo de caititus (Pecari tajacu) adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-28) OLIVEIRA, Anna Patrycia Martins de; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This work aimed to study the histology of epididymis peccaries (Pecari tajacu) and sperm pathologies associated with different regions of the organ. A fact that will contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology of the species, and consequently for their conservation. Eight adult animals were used, aged two to four years, coming from breeding scientific research of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, located in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Each of the four parts of the epididymis (proximal the head and distal the head, body and tail) was divided into two portions, and one of the portions was macerated, while the other remained intact. The epididymal tail underwent retrograde flow technique. The cell samples were stored in formol saline, and then used for the analysis of sperm morphology. Samples of the body were wrapped in gauze, identified and fixed in ALFAC. Later, they were submitted to routine histological processing. Diameters were measured up to 20 tubules and the heights of up to 30 tubules epithelium, the epididymis of each region for each animal. ANOVA (One Way), pointed out differences between the diameter of the proximal tubule of the head and distal head (p = 0.0008); between the proximal head and the body (p = 0.0009); between the proximal head and the tail (p = 0.0002). There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) among the other parts of the epididymis. It was found that the proximal head has a diameter of less tubules average compared to other portions of the epididymis. The Newman Keuls test showed similarities between the average body epithelium height and tail (p = 0.551). However, significant differences were observed between the distal head and the proximal head (p = 0.0009); the distal head and the tail (p = 0.0055); distal head and body (p = 0.0021); proximal head and body (p = 0.0008); proximal head and tail (p = 0.0055). In all regions of the epididymis of peccary, it observed the presence of pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia. 13 different types of morphological changes were found, and underdeveloped sperm and loose heads were the most frequent along the epididymis of peccaries. There were no differences in the number of pathologies in different regions of the epididymis (Man-Whitney test) (proximal head: U = 19.500, p = 0.189; distal head: U = 31.500, p = 0.958; body: U = 27,000; p = 0.599 and tail: U = 20.000, p = 0.207). In many species the histopathological analysis are often studied, however in wild animals, such as peccary, are still poorly researched. Thus, this study data are pioneers, and will serve as a basis for future comparative research on the reproductive biology of artiodactyls, contributing to their conservation and production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Growth curve of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) raised in captivity in the Brazilian Amazon Region
(2013-08) GARNERO, Analía del Valle; MARCONDES, Cíntia Righetti; ALBUQUERQUE, Natália Inagaki de; ARAÚJO, Ronyere Olegário de; LE PENDU, Yvonnick; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo
This work aims to determine the most suitable nonlinear model to describe the growth of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). The monthly records of the weight of 10 captive female collared peccaries over a period of two years in the Brazilian Amazon Region were used. The growth models used were the Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz and Logistic. The parameters were estimated by using the NLIN procedure from the SAS application. The criteria used to verify the adjustment of the models were: asymptotic standard deviation (ASD); coefficient of determination (R2); average absolute residual deviation (ARD) and the asymptotic rate (AR). The Brody model and the Logistic model estimated the highest (19.44kg) and the lowest (19.18kg) asymptotic weight (A), indicating the lowest (0.0070kg/day) and the highest (0.0121kg/day) maturation rate (K). These results and the coefficients of phenotypic correlation that varied from -0.75 and -0.47 confirmed the antagonistic nature between these parameters. The Brody model estimated the lower value for ARD, a limiting factor for describing the lowest value for AR through this model. The Brody model showed the best adjustment for AR, although the other models also showed a suitable adjustment to the weight data of said species/gender. Based on the AR obtained in this work, the Brody model is recommended for adjusting the growth curve of the female collared peccaries. Depending on the estimated values, especially for K, this trait can be included in a selection index.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção in vitro de embriões de caititu (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-13) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This work considers the application of reproduction biotechniques on species Pecari tajacu designed to improve its potential for upbringing in captivity and aiming its production, conservation and the multiplication of genetical resources. To determine the maturation time in vitro, 48 females were utilized. An amount of 69 CCOs were selected and divided in 4 groups, per age and per time of MIV. They were then submitted to parthenogenetic activation in ionomycin and 6-DMAP. For the meiotic progression analysis, 165 oocytes were divided in 4 groups according to supplementation of hormones in MIV and time of maturation. For the cryopreservation, epididymal sperm of 9 males were utilized, diluted in Tris-fructose and ACP-120 and divided in groups of refrigeration at 4°C and freezing at -196 °C in the presence of glutathione (GSH), where the parameters of motility, vigor and viable sperm were evaluated, after fresh dilution and cryopreservation. For the embryo production, 97 oocytes after MIV of 36 hours were divided in groups of parthenogenetic activation, IVF and ICSI. Through parthenogenetic activation the rates of cleavages were obtained (47%) for the oocytes of females with less than 2 years of age, submitted to MIV in 36 hours. In all groups cleavages were observed, but with no significant difference (P>0,05) among the groups analysed. One blastocyst rate of 15,4% was observed only in the group of oocytes activated after MIV of 44 hours. In the meiotic progression analysis, in all times analyzed oocytes were found in MII. In the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa it was observed a drop of the parameters analyzed in the two extenders in all groups. The presence of glutathione did not interfere significantly in the parameters analyzed. In the freezing, the rates of motility and viable sperm were superior in ACP-120 (> 50%) and in the freezing in tris-fructose, 33% and 18%. The production of embryos in vitro was well succeeded in the parthenogenetic activation (62,9%) and in ICSI (52,6%). In IVF the rates were low (7%). The production of blastocyst occurred only in the partenotes embryos (4,5%). The results of this work showed the feasibility of reproductives biotechniques, such gametes conservation and in vitro production of embryos of the species Pecari tajacu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Puberdade em caititus (Tayassu tajacu): estudo da espermatogênese em diferentes faixas etárias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-20) CARDOSO, Deise de Lima; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This study analyzes the development of spermatogenesis in peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) and establishes the age the reach puberty, considering testicular biometry and seminiferous tubules, the amount of spermatogenic cells, the morphological description of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle (SEC), the relative frequency on which they surge inside the seminiferous tubules and general spermatogenesis yield. In the experiment, the animals were divided according to age bracket, into five groups, with three animals in each group, G1 (7 to 8 months), G2 (9 to 10 months), G3 (11 to 12 months), G4 (13 to 14 months) and G5 (15 to 16 months). The animals were subjected to orchiectomy surgery, to obtain the testicle samples, which were fixed in Alfac solution for 24 hours and histologically processed, where 5 μm cuts were stained in hematoxylin eosin. Based on the tubular morphology method, it was done the quantification of the cell types corrected to its average nucleus diameters of 10 transversal sections at SEC stage 1 for animals with established spermatogenesis and 20 transversal sections for the younger animals without any established spermatogenic activity; and also the classification of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, by analyzing 100 transversal sections of seminiferous tubules. The data from the testicular biometry, such as, weight, length and width, showed gradual and constant growth with significant statistical differences (p<0,05) and high correlation among themselves. The tubular diameter values presented statistical significance from G1 to G4, and from G4 an accelerated and continuous growth, with no statistical significance (p>0,05). According to the quantitative and morphological analysis of the spermatogenic cells which form the germinative epithelium, the animal age brackets were classified in the following phases impuberal (G1), prepuberal (G2), puberty (G3), pos puberty 1(G4), and pos puberty 2 (G5). The phase the productive activity started, or, puberty, was determined in the animals when they turned 11 months, when the the greatest growth in the number of spermatogenic cells and a positive correlation with testicular weight occurred. At this stage, the Sertoli cells, presented a significant decrease (p<0,05). During determination of relative frequency of the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycle, eight types of association were observed, according to the tubular morphology method, where the stages with greater and less frequency were 1 and 3 respectively. The pos meiotic phase showed more frequency and the meiotic phase, the lower one, being statistically significant in relation to the other ones. The reproductive efficiency was demonstrated through translated values by the cell ratios between type A spermatogonic cells and round spermatids, being that no significant increase between G3, G4 and G5 was observed (p>0,05); and the rate of Sertoli cells showed a significant statistical difference between all possible comparisons of age brackets from G3 to G5 (p< 0,05).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Puberty in male collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) determined by quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-03) GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; CARDOSO, Deise de Lima; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; ALBUQUERQUE, Natália Inagaki de
Biological studies are necessary for the management of wildlife in captivity, and knowledge of reproduction is one of the important features for increasing production. The objective of the research was to determine the age at which male collared peccaries reach puberty. Testicular samples of 15 animals, aged 7 to 16 months, distributed into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) were used. The testes showed considerably increased weight, length and width (p < 0.05) from G1 to G3, whereas, from this group onward, the development of this organ was slower. There was positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the following testicular parameters: weight and length (r = 0.97), weight and width (r = 0.88), length and width (r = 0.92). Regarding the diameter of seminiferous tubules, an increase was observed (p < 0.05) from G1 to G4. The total number of spermatogenic cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) until G3 and then it stabilized. There was also positive correlation between testis weight and tubular diameter (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), and testis weight and spermatogenic cells (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). The number of Sertoli cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from G1, when they were undifferentiated as support cells, to G5, when they occurred together with the complete line of spermatic cells. The results demonstrate that the reproductive development of peccaries can be classified into the following stages: impuberty (G1, 7-8 months); pre-pubertal (G2, 9-10 months); pubertal (G3, 11-12 months); post-pubertal 1 (G4, 13-14 months); and post-pubertal 2 (G5, 15-16 months). Based on the histological analyses, puberty in the male collared peccary was determined to occur between 11 and 12 months of age.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regulação comportamental em caititus (Pecari tajacu): o efeito da estrutura social na função reprodutiva de fêmeas em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-02) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The failure in the fertility of adult female collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) bred in captivity are a restrictive factor for the efficiency of production and needs further investigation. Assess the reproductive function of females reared under intensive rearing system was the objective of this research. Twenty females were monitored in family groups (controls) for 60 days, and experimental groups (female descendants grouped with unrelated males and in the absence of parents), for more 60 days. The agonistic interactions, submission, friendly and sex were recorded three times a week, social dominance was assessed by Elo-rating method and the social preference by frequency of friendly interactions. Blood was collected for measurement of plasma progesterone by solid phase radioimmunoassay and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination. In three of the four control groups, the parents remained in the highest positions in the hierarchy while in the experimental group stage, the female descendants occupied the highest posts. The frequency of received friendly interactions depended on the sex and the condition (H = 142 991 p <0.01) whereas females mothers received, on average, 2.21 times more interactions than other individuals. Males and females received equal frequencies in the experimental groups. The estrus lasted 3.6 ± 1.0 days with progesterone at 1.2 ± 0.6 ng / mL and higher frequency of copulations in the final third of this period. Sexual interactions increased during estrus in females (P = 0.0019) and males (P <0.0009), which intensified their frequency of olfactory inspection. Copulations were recorded in the early pregnancy. All pluriparous females (heavier, older and dominant) showed reproductive activity (cyclicity or pregnancy) while seven nulliparous females had periods of anestrus, short (16 days) or long (60 days) in the control group. In the experimental group all nulliparous and primiparous mated and 14 pups were born, however, only five remained after seven days of life. We demonstrate the presence of the dominance of the parents on the progeny and a mechanism for reproductive inhibition in family groupings. We suggest that nulliparous females of reproductive age are relocated from their original group for groups with unrelated males, ensuring the reproductive potential of creation and access to food, space and other resources generally preferred prioritized by dominant individuals.