Navegando por Assunto "Cativeiro"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bem-estar de macacos-prego no cativeiro: engenharia comportamental no enriquecimento ambiental e análise da dinâmica espacial.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-25) LESSA, Miguel Angelo Monteiro; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-3833
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus ssp.) in captivity have few opportunities to perform characteristics skills of these monkeys in the natural environment. The responsibility for the welfare of the capuchin monkeys living in the Experimental School for Primates poses the task of finding healthier living conditions. The objective is to build captive environment conditions functionally similar to the natural environment, using physical, foraging, cognitive and social environmental-enrichment techniques. Aditionally, interested in knowing about the social relations within the spatial interactions it is proposed to describe the relationships in terms of inter-individual spatial proximity and preferred heights in different groups of Sapajus spp. kept in captivity. Fourteen individuals of four groups of three institutions were observed in three different contexts: before, during and after feeding. The positions of each individual were recorded using the scan sampling method. The results showed a pattern of inter-distance between different dyads of animals in study groups. The monkeys were closer after feeding and far before and during feeding. Differences among preferred places were also observed. The dominant monkeys spent more time in places that were most attractive. The subordinate monkeys spent more time on the opposite and less attractive places in relation to the place occupied by the dominant. The overall pattern of interindividual spacing was similar to that observed in nature, male capuchin monkeys showed a characteristic avoidance and no approximation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interações e relações sociais de macaco-prego (Sapajus apella) em cativeiro com isolamento do indivíduo durante a alimentação: um estudo descritivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-29) SIMÕES, Andrei de Souza; GAROTTI, Marilice Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2218504886013525
The behavior of groups of Sapajus apella living in natural surroundings, captive and semi-captive are reasons of many scientific studies. The term refers to restrictive environmental conditions planned for the purpose of ensuring the health and quality of life of individuals, as individual boxes of food, escape routes in case of physical attacks, no females in some cages and even the withdrawal of puppies to ensure their survival. Whereas these restrictions eliminate or minimize relevant parameters involved in understanding the social structure of the monkeys, such as kinship, reproduction, foraging and pressure within and between groups, this project aims to identify and describe the interactions and relationships observed in these contexts, which leads even the questions about the role of the alpha male in these environments. For this, the interactions of twelve individuals residing in three cages of Experimental School of Primates (UFPA) were recorded and, according to the literature, categorized as non-interactive, affiliative and agonistic. The records of the categories were performed based on sampling by observational record of events, focal subject. This technique allowed detecting different interactions and relationships developed in this captivity, and the design matrix for the exchange of social favors. In short, there was a reduction of agonistic behavior among individuals from each cage when compared to specimens in natural habitats; in one cage, harboring four juveniles, the highest frequency of affiliative behavior, rough and social play; grooming, one of main affiliative interactions in primates, was in low frequency, mainly among adults; there was a high frequency of stereotyped behavior in adult cages, but not in the juveniles’; partial social hierarchies were shown in adult’s cages, which is normally observed only for large groups found in nature. In conclusion, relationships established through time in the cages highlight the well-fair of groups of individuals and are essential to be known when the aim is to study animals in captivity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção in vitro de embriões de caititu (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-13) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This work considers the application of reproduction biotechniques on species Pecari tajacu designed to improve its potential for upbringing in captivity and aiming its production, conservation and the multiplication of genetical resources. To determine the maturation time in vitro, 48 females were utilized. An amount of 69 CCOs were selected and divided in 4 groups, per age and per time of MIV. They were then submitted to parthenogenetic activation in ionomycin and 6-DMAP. For the meiotic progression analysis, 165 oocytes were divided in 4 groups according to supplementation of hormones in MIV and time of maturation. For the cryopreservation, epididymal sperm of 9 males were utilized, diluted in Tris-fructose and ACP-120 and divided in groups of refrigeration at 4°C and freezing at -196 °C in the presence of glutathione (GSH), where the parameters of motility, vigor and viable sperm were evaluated, after fresh dilution and cryopreservation. For the embryo production, 97 oocytes after MIV of 36 hours were divided in groups of parthenogenetic activation, IVF and ICSI. Through parthenogenetic activation the rates of cleavages were obtained (47%) for the oocytes of females with less than 2 years of age, submitted to MIV in 36 hours. In all groups cleavages were observed, but with no significant difference (P>0,05) among the groups analysed. One blastocyst rate of 15,4% was observed only in the group of oocytes activated after MIV of 44 hours. In the meiotic progression analysis, in all times analyzed oocytes were found in MII. In the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa it was observed a drop of the parameters analyzed in the two extenders in all groups. The presence of glutathione did not interfere significantly in the parameters analyzed. In the freezing, the rates of motility and viable sperm were superior in ACP-120 (> 50%) and in the freezing in tris-fructose, 33% and 18%. The production of embryos in vitro was well succeeded in the parthenogenetic activation (62,9%) and in ICSI (52,6%). In IVF the rates were low (7%). The production of blastocyst occurred only in the partenotes embryos (4,5%). The results of this work showed the feasibility of reproductives biotechniques, such gametes conservation and in vitro production of embryos of the species Pecari tajacu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regulação comportamental em caititus (Pecari tajacu): o efeito da estrutura social na função reprodutiva de fêmeas em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-02) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The failure in the fertility of adult female collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) bred in captivity are a restrictive factor for the efficiency of production and needs further investigation. Assess the reproductive function of females reared under intensive rearing system was the objective of this research. Twenty females were monitored in family groups (controls) for 60 days, and experimental groups (female descendants grouped with unrelated males and in the absence of parents), for more 60 days. The agonistic interactions, submission, friendly and sex were recorded three times a week, social dominance was assessed by Elo-rating method and the social preference by frequency of friendly interactions. Blood was collected for measurement of plasma progesterone by solid phase radioimmunoassay and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination. In three of the four control groups, the parents remained in the highest positions in the hierarchy while in the experimental group stage, the female descendants occupied the highest posts. The frequency of received friendly interactions depended on the sex and the condition (H = 142 991 p <0.01) whereas females mothers received, on average, 2.21 times more interactions than other individuals. Males and females received equal frequencies in the experimental groups. The estrus lasted 3.6 ± 1.0 days with progesterone at 1.2 ± 0.6 ng / mL and higher frequency of copulations in the final third of this period. Sexual interactions increased during estrus in females (P = 0.0019) and males (P <0.0009), which intensified their frequency of olfactory inspection. Copulations were recorded in the early pregnancy. All pluriparous females (heavier, older and dominant) showed reproductive activity (cyclicity or pregnancy) while seven nulliparous females had periods of anestrus, short (16 days) or long (60 days) in the control group. In the experimental group all nulliparous and primiparous mated and 14 pups were born, however, only five remained after seven days of life. We demonstrate the presence of the dominance of the parents on the progeny and a mechanism for reproductive inhibition in family groupings. We suggest that nulliparous females of reproductive age are relocated from their original group for groups with unrelated males, ensuring the reproductive potential of creation and access to food, space and other resources generally preferred prioritized by dominant individuals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The stimulatory effect of male agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) on the onset of female puberty
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009) GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; RAMOS, Rosemar Silva Luz; GARCIA, Gary Wayne; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio
The objective of this research was to analyze female agouti puberty. We did not observe the onset of puberty when the females were raised without males. When an adult male was put together with other adults and no cycling females, the onset of estrous cycle was observed after 10 to 60 days. When the young females were raised with a male, the onset of puberty was reached at 9 months. We concluded that the male agouti influences the onset of puberty in females, and that the dominant female, apparently, inhibits or delays the puberty of the other agouti females of the group. We suggest further studies be made concerning the social control of the reproduction of these animal.