Navegando por Assunto "Clima"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 20

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aerossóis de queimadas e internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-31) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; SILVA, Glauber Guimarães Cirino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4792139391237534; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7603; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
According to WHO, for every four deaths of children under 5 years, one is related to environmental pollution, which is equivalent to 93% of children living in environments with polluted atmosphere worldwide. This research investigated the variability of fires and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children under 9 years of age, in a region deeply marked by changes in land use across the planet, with consecutive years in the ranking of deforestation, followed by fire of forest biomass: the state of Para. Eighteen years of time series of climatic variables, PM2.5, AOD and health were analyzed for two Para municipalities located in regions with very different environmental and social characteristics, through an ecological study of epidemiological character. In general, the two places analyzed showed an increase in the hospitalization rate in the second semester of each year of the historical series, despite Santarem showing high numbers of these records throughout the year. The climate also played an important role in increasing the incidence of respiratory syndromes, because it makes the environment conducive to fire action, however, the results showed that years without significant climatic anomalies can also present high records of fires and PM2.5. When these relationships were analyzed in just one year and with a record of fires, a clearer combination between the investigated variables was found, with good statistical correlation, as well as a surprising and worrying increase in fires in the municipality of Santarem, even surpassing Maraba, a municipality that has always been ahead with the highest values of deforestation, fires and air pollution. Maraba perceives the effects of fires in advance, in general, two months before Santarem, and this situation is explained by the geographic location, degree of forest preservation, response to climatic fluctuations, industrial activity and public policy action. A sample taken from the time series showed that Maraba reaches, at the height of the dry season, attention and emergency levels for PM2.5, thus presenting low air quality. Santarem did not register alarming levels, but daily monitoring detected many days with levels above the permitted level, in accordance with the standards established by environmental legislation. The levels of pollution detected can increase the number of outcomes for respiratory diseases, overloading the state's public health system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Guamá e suas interfaces climáticas e socioambientais em São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) MARINHO, Eduardo Ribeiro; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assessment of surface temperatures of buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) raised under tropical conditions using infrared thermography
(FEPMVZ Editora, 2016-04) BARROS, Daniel Vale; SILVA, Lílian Kátia Ximenes; KAHWAGE, Priscila Reis; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; SOUSA, Jailson Silva; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; FRANCO, Irving Montanar; MARTORANO, Lucieta Guerreiro; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto
This paper aimed to evaluate the surface temperatures of buffalo bulls using infrared thermography, considering four distinct anatomical parts over time, and to correlate surface temperatures and thermal comfort indexes. The humid tropical climate (Köppen's Afi) was predominant in the research station where the experiment was performed and the trial lasted from April to August. Ten bulls (n=10) were evaluated every 25 days (morning: 6:00-9:00; afternoon: 12:00-15:00) and the parameters assessed were respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and the thermograms of surface temperature for orbital area (ORB), right flank (RF), left flank (LF) and scrotum (SCR). Climatological data was continuously monitored and the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and the Index of Comfort of Benezra (ICB) were calculated. The average values of THI were ≥78, and significant differences between shifts were observed (P<0.05). The ICB ranged from 1.96 to 2.25 and significant differences were observed for shiftsand throughout the months (P<0.05). The averages of surface temperatures were RT=38.2±0.5°C, ORB=36.1±0.8°C, LF=33.5±2.5°C, RF=35.4±1.7ºC and SCR=33.3±1.1°C, which exhibited significant differences for shifts and throughout the months (P<0.05). Positive correlations were obtained between THI and ORB (0.72), RF (0.77), LF (0.75) and SCR (0.41) (P<0.0001). The maximum temperature of ORB showed the highest correlation with RT (0.58, P<0.0001). Therefore, the surface temperatures are subject to climatic variations and increase throughout the day, due to the variation in thermal comfort indexes, and the maximum ORB temperature was the parameter most related to rectal temperature. Lastly, the results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive and accurate tool to detect the variations in ORB, LF, RF and SCR temperature in buffalo bulls.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação espacial e sazonal da precipitação no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-21) MENEZES, Franciani Pantoja; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability and seasonal rainfall in the State of Para. Were used monthly data and annual rainfall of 66 rainfall stations available in hydrometeorological network of National Water Agency – ANA for the period 1982 - 2011. The data were organized with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The historical series that fail, these were corrected and consisted. Para is the second largest Brazilian state holds great extent and diversity of natural resources. In terms of density, the state, as well as the seven river basin showed low density of rainfall stations do not comply with the recommendations of the WMO as the minimum density of rain gauges, are areas that require better monitoring. As for seasonality, precipitation shows two distinct seasons, a drought (winter and spring in the Southern Hemisphere), with rainfall less than 100 mm, and a rainy season (summer and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere) with rainfall exceeding 200 mm. The results obtained by the Mann - Kendall and Spearman did not detect any trend of increase or decrease in rainfall during the study period. Through cluster analysis of monthly precipitation were defined 3 Homogeneous Regions with similar climatic characteristics (R1, R2 and R3) to the state of Para.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de um evento de friagem nas condições meteorológicas na Amazônia: um estudo de caso
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2004-12) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; FISCH, Gilberto Fernando; KRUIJT, Bart; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda
Observations of the influence of a Cold Spell phenomena on meteorological variables and on energy and CO2 fluxes were made in a forest site near Ji-Paraná, Rondonia, during June 2001. Friagem caused a diminution of 35% at air temperature. A reduction of 75 W.m-2 from normal days (200 W.m-2) to cold days (125 W.m-2) in the mean incoming solar radiation was also observed. During the Cold Spell days, both sensible heat (H) and latent heat fluxes (LE) showed a decrease in their mean daily value, showing a difference from normal days of 8 e 34%, respectively. The CO2 concentration remained constant, without increase during the night, due to the windy condition of cold days. During normal days the mean diurnal CO2 flux (-2,44 mmol m-2 s-1) was lesser than that one at phenomena days (-5,78 mmol m-2 s-1), while the mean nocturnal fluxes were +1,77mmol m-2 s-1 e +2,83mmol m-2 s-1 during normal and cold days, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Erosividade da chuva em Rondon do Pará, PA, Brasil de 1999 a 2015 e projetada para 2035
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) ROSA, Amanda Gama; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; COSTA, Jamer Andrade da; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de
This study determined the rainfall erosivity value for the urban area of Rondon do Pará in order to provide information about the city's soil loss. The study also determined the probability of erosion occurrence and the return period projected for the next 20 years. The annual distribution of the erosivity index was analyzed and an estimate was made of the correlation between the average monthly erosivity index and the rainfall coefficient. To accomplish this, two types of rainfall data were obtained: 1) data observed by the CMORPH satellites from 1999 to 2015; and 2) data modelled by the RegCM4 model from 2016 to 2035. Erosivity was calculated based upon these monthly and annual rainfall data. Frequency distributions of erosivity values and their return periods were calculated and probability curves were plotted. Regression analyses between precipitation and erosivity were completed. In the period from 1999 to 2015, the value of the R factor of Rondon do Pará was 16,390 MJ mm ha-1h-1ano-1, with a probability of 47% of being equaled or exceeded at least once each 2.1 years. In the period from 2016 to 2015, the R value was 13,038 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1. Highest soil losses are probable between February and January from 1999 to 2015 and between January and April from 2016 to 2035. The regression mathematical models that had the best results were the potency and the polynomial models for the years from 1999 to 2015 and 2016 to 2035, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eventos hidrológicos extremos na calha do Médio e Baixo Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-02) SANTOS, Jaqueline Cristina do Carmo; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The hydrological extreme events have a direct link with the effects of rainfall on a particular river basin. On top of the context "Amazon Basin", actions generated by the inevitable action of natural phenomena among which stand out the oceanic forcings such as El Niño, La Niña and Atlantic dipole that act in order to modify the pattern of atmospheric circulation and consequently the rainfall pattern on a river basin district, entail not only in different river height gaps, above all, the social impacts reflected on communities residents in the margins and surroundings of the rivers are the major concern surrounding the global scenario. On Amazon there are reports two types of natural disasters, the droughts and floods of cities. In this way this research discusses statistically (through the technique of quantis) the fluviometric quota values that go beyond normalcy (central tendency) in the middle and lower Amazon channel in 31 years of data (1982 to 2012). The research also evaluates the social impacts associated with occurrences of droughts and floods and as an indicator for the analysis of such impacts, it was adopted the registers the number of homeless families. To achieve the goals, it was held a documentary research on: State Civil Defense Coordination of Ceará (CEDEC), data on pluvial dimensions were found in the database of the National Agency Water (ANA), the data of occurrences of El Niño/La Niña and Atlantic dipole obtained in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC). The results show that the surrounding hydrological regime along the channel of the middle and lower Amazon reaches maximum peaks in the stations of Óbidos, Manaus, Parintins, Santarém and Oriximiná in the months of May and June. While for localities of Borba and Porto de Moz this regime is anticipated and is between April and may. The results also show that for the period of 31 years of study, the number of occurrences of floods was in greater quantity than droughts. The number of people stricken by events of drought and flood show that the hydrological extreme events are recurring in the middle and lower Amazon, and represent an indicator of reality of the structural conditions that each location features.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Frequência de precipitação e impactos decorrentes associados à chuva na cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-18) SANTOS, Josiane Sarmento dos; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of severe precipitation (PRP) to verify the impacts caused by severe precipitation in the city and population of Belém-Pará, Brazil, in the 30-year period between 1984 and 2013. For that, it was identified the possibility of occurrence of humidity convection through a Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) analysis. We used data from of DTCEA's radiosonde; analysis of the frequency of the precipitation (PRP), and occurrence of extreme precipitation events (EEPRP), precipitation measurements from the INMET’s stations. IBGE's demographic census, in the period of 1980 the 2010; and news articles from the main city's newspapers (between 1984 and 2013), and ready to overflow detected by the Civil Defense in Pará (PADCP). The CAPE is analyzed by reference values, which have associated conditions, and ranges in this study: a) CAPE less than 1000 J / kg, b) CAPE greater than or equal to 2500 and less than 1000 J / kg C) CAPE greater than or equal to 2500 and less than 4000 J / kg d) CAPE greater than or equal to 4000 J / kg, respectively CAPE were classifications 1, 2, 3 and 4. Growth trends (T) in the PRP and the EEPRP were observe, which were associates to the larger frequency of La Niña events. We observed that the local atmosphere presented favorable conditions for the development of deep humidity convection, as CAPE values higher than 1000 J/Kg (the limit for convective cloud formation), were the most frequent, being 65% of all radiosonde measurements. CAPE 2 and 3 classifications presented significant growth tendencies across the years, whereas CAPE 1 and 4 showed reduction. This is probably due to the increased of air temperature at the site, which has an impact on CAPE values. The results also did show the existence of a positive trend and correlation between population growth and increase of PRP, i.e., greater number of people are being affected, mainly due to the occurrence of EEPRP and PRP. The main problem facing the city and society quantified through the NJL, are overflow. The most susceptible neighborhoods to increased PRP and EEPRP were often NJL and detected by PADCP are: Agulha, Cremação, Guamá, Jurunas, Cidade Velha, Campina, Reduto, Marco, Pedreira, Canudos, Terra Firme, Curió Utinga e Fátima. It was observed that the overflows are not restricted to social classes with lower purchasing power, that because the city has deficiency and inefficiency of urban infrastructure, as well as a precarious sewage and draining systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identificação de áreas preferenciais para uso de espécies florestais potenciais em sistemas agroflorestais no Arco Verde Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) ANDRADE, Daniele Bonente Melo de; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
Deforestation is an evident process at Amazonia from the predatory human activity of natural resources. Logging and agriculture are the main activities that have promoted destruction of forest at Arc of Desforestation. Therefore reforestation has been the focus of public policies that the Government has developed through the “Programa Arco Verde”. In Pará this program is being implemented in 16 municipalities that they constitute the critical areas of deforestation due to human pressures. In this context agroforestry has been an alternative for reforestation these areas. This work aimed identification preferred areas for plantation of 15 tree species with potential use in agroforestry systems. From the intersection of spatial data type of climate and water deficit, we identified 24 bioclimate areas at “Arco Verde” of Para state. The results for plantation of forest species in preferred areas are: J. copaia, T. serratifolia e B. excelsa are potential to be planted 100% do Arco Verde Paraense; C. pentandra, H. courbaril, S. morototoni e T. vulgaris are indicated to be planted in 98% of the target area; C. odorata, C. goeldiana, D. odorata, S. macrophylla are indicated to be insertion in 75% of the “Arco Verde paraense”; C. guianensis, S. parahyba var. amazonicum, B. guianensis e V. maxima in 60% of the area of work. In conclusion, it is necessary further studies in forest species that are suitable for wider preferred areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos socioambientais atuais e de mudanças futuras na hidroclimatologia da bacia do rio Tapajós na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-09) SODRÉ, Vânia dos Santos Franco; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The intensification of land use and land cover has been increasing environmental and climatic problems in the Amazonian sub-basins, especially in the Tapajos River basin, which is important not only for the region, but for the whole country in terms of economic and socio-environmental issues. This research evaluated the increasing pressure imposed on the Tapajos River basin from the unsustainable use of water resources, deforestation on meteorological variables and the future hydroclimatology of the basin for the next 30 and 60 years. On the water issue, significant environmental impacts were observed in the Upper and Middle Tapajos, where unsustainable uses of water resources were identified from the various sectors of the economy, with emphasis on the increase in the number of industries and hydroelectric plants. Conversely, in the Lower Tapajos region there are still significant portions of conserved vegetation cover, which are essential for favoring evapotranspiration and, consequently, cloud formation, but an increase in the unsustainable use of water resources was observed in the region. In the relationship between deforestation and climate, it was noted the existence of correlations between deforestation rates and positive variations in temperature in the Middle Lower Tapajos region. However, no significant variations in precipitation were observed, but there is a slight negative trend (reduction), corroborating the anomaly and trend studies. In the future hydroclimatology, the results showed that the future impacts of climate change on precipitation and elevation measures, both for a more proximate climate (2021-2050) and for a climate at the end of the century (2051-2080), taking into account the moderate and pessimistic scenarios. It was also noted that there will be changes in the frequency of maximum and minimum extremes of precipitation and quota, especially in the regions of the Middle Lower Tapajos, being more sensitive to these changes at the Itaituba station.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Influência da Circulação de Revolvimento Meridional do Atlântico na Definição da Posição Média da ZCIT ao Norte do Equador. Uma Revisão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) AIMOLA, Luis Antônio Lacerda; MOURA, Mauricio do Nascimento
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is considered the most important atmospheric system in the generation of precipitation in the tropics. Although in the present climate the annual average insolation is symmetrical around the equator, the ITCZ is positioned north of the equator, also having the maximum of precipitation there. In this review article we describe the vision developed in recent studies of the influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the Hadley cell in determining of the ZCIT's position asymmetry. We indicate the importance of strengthening this research topic in face of possible future displacements of the ITCZ with global warming and the consequent tropical rain regime changes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Model of wetland development of the Amapá coast during the late Holocene
(2010-06) GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; LARA, Rúben José; BEHLING, Hermann
The modern vegetation types, sedimentary sequences, pollen records and radiocarbon dating obtained from three sediment cores from Calçoene Coastal Plain were used to provide a palaeoecological history during the late Holocene of Amapá coastal wetland according to flood regime, sea-level and climatic changes. Based on these records, four phases of vegetation development are presented and they probably reflect the interaction between the flow energy to the sediment accumulation and the brackish/freshwater influence in the vegetation. This work suggests interchanges among time periods characterized by marine and fluvial influence. The longitudinal profile did not reveal the occurrence of mangrove in the sediment deposited around 2100 yr B.P. During the second phase, the mud progressively filled the depressions and tidal channels. The mangrove probably started its development on the channel edge, and the herbaceous field on the elevated sectors. The third phase is characterized by the interruption of mangrove development and the increase of "várzea" vegetation that may be due to the decrease in porewater salinity related to a decrease in marine water influence. The last phase is represented by the mangrove and "várzea" increase. The correlation between current patterns of geobotanical unit distribution and palaeovegetation indicates that mangrove and "várzea" forests are migrating over the herbaceous field on the topographically highest part of the studied coast, which can be related to a relative sea-level rise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões climáticos de precipitação e a produção de soja na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
In this research we studied the modulation of precipitation through ocean-atmosphere phenomena of large scale active in the Amazon region adjacent oceans and their intensities were known as represented by climate indices (SOI, PDO, NAO) numerical indicators. From a series of 32 years (1979-2010) of rainfall data in the GPCP grid points, we applied Empirical Orthogonal Function not rotated for monthly and annual scale, where spatial and temporal patterns and rainfall were obtained. The monthly EOF1 (58%) had a southern pattern associated rainfall in most part, to the action of synoptic scale phenomena. The monthly EOF2 (21%) also showed different patterns of precipitation, but orthogonal to the first, reflecting the effects of the cold phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. However, in the monthly EOF3 (5%) the spatial pattern is represented by a zone precipitation pattern, reflecting the effect of ENOS and ODP. For the annual scale, both EOF1 (36%), EOF2 (16%) and EOF3 (10%) show zonal and meridional spatial patterns, which also reflect the effects of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The three climate indices studied showed were present in the modulation of precipitation in the Amazon region. Among the municipalities belonging to the Hall of soybeans, Sinop-MT and MT-Smile were the locations that were more sensitive to climate variability in precipitation, both annual averages, as for the average rainy seasons each year analyzed, mainly by because of surface conditions. Itaituba-PA, Santarém-PA and PA-Paragominas showed positive growth trend of rainfall, with the latter located in eastern Pará, showed high correlation between local precipitation and the number of IOS, with a lag of 1 month and 2 months, by selected case studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepções sobre mudanças climáticas: estudo de caso na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Mocapajuba, zona costeira Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-28) SILVA, Michelly da Silva; SOUSA, Rosigleyse Corrêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1452935151806378; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3769-0792; RENAN, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
Climate change refers to alterations in Earth's climate that may occur over years, decades, or millennia, resulting from both natural climate variability and human activities. These changes have negative impacts on people's lives, especially in vulnerable communities, and may lead to an increase in the number of "climate refugees" in the future. The Resex-Mar Mocapajuba, located in São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará, is an area of great importance for biodiversity, encompassing diverse ecosystems such as mangroves, restingas (sandy coastal plains), dunes, rivers, estuaries, and islands. This region is home to traditional extractive communities whose subsistence depends directly on natural resources. The study analyzed the perceptions of the traditional population benefiting from Resex-Mar Mocapajuba regarding climate change. A questionnaire was applied in 2021, with the participation of 291 individuals with direct or indirect connections to fishing. Using content analysis, the questionnaire responses were categorized into four types of extractive activities: agriculture, crab harvesting, shellfish extraction, and fishing. The most practiced extractive activity is crab harvesting (40.21%), cited as the primary income source by 44.63% of respondents, with women being the majority. About 73.88% of extractive workers believe that climate change is occurring in the region, with this perception being particularly high among fishermen (78.35%) and crab harvesters (76.07%). The respondents demonstrated a complex understanding of climate change, with a clear focus on perceived impacts such as changes in air temperature, rainfall, and seasonality. Additionally, they recognized the influence of human actions in intensifying climate change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção da cana-de-açúcar nos municípios de Abaetetuba e Ulianópolis: aspectos climáticos, socioeconômicos e ambientais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-05) VADO ESPINOZA, Julio Cesar; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
In the last decade, the global increase in demand for sugar for food production and renewable energy sources has impacted the production chain and pressing areas with agricultural potential for sugarcane plantation. The Brazilian government through the Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Supply developed the Agro-Ecological Zoning of Sugar Cane - ZAE (EMBRAPA, 2009) for the production of ethanol and sugar, excluding among other areas the state of Para for been located in the Amazon Biome. Coupled to this context there is the controversy of whether monoculture which requires deforestation practices, which also derive impacts on the atmosphere, water and soil. Before the contrast to produce and protect the environment is relevant deepening of scientific studies for technical support and justification of alternatives for deployment or expansion of cultivation associated with the mapping of areas already consolidated. This study aimed to analyze the production of sugar cane in the city of Abaetetuba and Ulianópolis, taking into account climatic aspects; socioeconomic and environmental. For climate aspects were used (for both municipalities) climatological data provided by INMET a period of thirty years (1984-2013). The results showed that both municipalities have climatic suitability for the cultivation of sugar cane, with the proviso that for the city of Ulianópolis this crop is dependent on irrigation, which increases production costs and causes increased pressure on groundwater. As refer to socioeconomic and environmental aspects were used different methods for the studied municipalities. For the city of Abaetetuba, the socioeconomic aspects were evaluated in light of the situation on the time of cultivation of height in this city (1970). The results showed that activity represented an important vector to generate employment and income for the local population. Environmentally, the assessed indicators showed low vulnerability to contaminants derived from sugarcane cultivation, which can be explained by the intrinsic characteristics of the aquifer and soil properties in the area. As for the land use, the results showed the existence of degraded areas for the year 2012 related to livestock activity mostly. To the municipality of Ulianópolis was applied to Barometer tool of sustainability, defining sustainable development as that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987). It was found that this city is located in an intermediate range of sustainability, and the increased vulnerability indicators deforestation, exploitation of groundwater and hotspots per km2. Although this study has proposed a number of environmental and socio-economic indicators of relevance, further research should be carried out, given the importance of sugar cane for the development of alternative energy in the region. It is also worth mentioning that from the perspective of the institutional environment (credit, regulatory, environmental, etc.) guided by ZAE, new sugarcane enterprises could be encouraged in degraded areas in the Amazon Biome.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de cana-de-açúcar nas condições climáticas Af
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-28) MIRANDA, Augusto Sousa; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The culture of cane sugar plays an important socioeconomic role in Brazil, with main products as sugar and alcohol, as well as being used as a source of roughage in food animal production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the culture of cane of sugar grown in Af type weather, characterized by rainfall in all months of the year and no dry season weather conditions. IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486 and SP79-1011: The bromatological chemical composition, agronomic and technological characteristics of three cultivars of cane sugar were determined. Experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three treatments and four replicates and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. There were differences (P˂0.05) for dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, total carbohydrates, B2 fraction, fraction C and raw dry’s production. The components of the fibrous portion (NDF, LIG, fraction C) showed low values, resulting in higher value of non- fiber carbohydrates, which are interesting from the point of view of the cattle feeding, given that the components of the fibrous portion influence the intake and digestibility of the food. The cultivars showed higher dry matter production highlighting the IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 cultivars. For agronomic characteristics were no differences (P˂0.05) for the production of natural material, number of culms, culm length and culm diameter, highlighting the IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 cultivars, demonstrating adaptation to climatic conditions the region. There was no difference (P>0.05) for technological attributes, Pol, Brix, reducing sugars, purity, total reducing sugars, fiber and moisture, whose values were low due to rainfall in the region, because the cane sugar requires heat or water stress for maturation to occur. In weather conditions Af has no dry season being the least rainy month trial period had 106.6 mm and the average annual temperature was 26.8 ° C.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Riqueza e distribuição das espécies da guilda de drosofilídeos frugívoros (Diptera), em resposta às variações ambientais pela estratificação da floresta e topografia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-07) SILVA, Sâmia Luzia Sena da; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
Among the factors that may influence the distribution of the species are the climate, the topography and the strata of the vegetation. Diptera that make up the Drosophilidae family are insects closely adapted to the physical conditions of their environment, and responses to environmental conditions are reflected in community structure, population size and local species composition. The variation effect of the climatic elements and topography in microscale on the richness, composition and distribution of abundance of frugivorous Drosophilidae was tested, in an area of dense ombrophilous of “terra firme” forest. The collections were conducted in April / 2016, September / 2016 and September-October / 2017 in the Amazonian Biodiversity Research Program (PPBio) in the Amapá National Forest (0 ° 40 "N, 51 ° 10" W; 50 °, 52 ° 30 ° W). The insects were collected using traps with fermented banana bait in 100g portions. There were 2.028 insects belonging to the family Drosophilidae, with 674 males distributed in 19 species. The species were distributed selectively between the vertical strata of vegetation and topographic profiles, with greater richness found in the understorey and lower topographic levels of the forest. The environmental heterogeneity was demonstrated by the variations of canopy opening, temperature and relative humidity of the air. Independently of the expedition, the species, except D. sturtevanti, demonstrated constancy in the occupation of the strata. The different microclimatic conditions between the forest strata and topographic profiles were determinant for the community structure of drosophilids. However, observed differences between expeditions indicate that other factors may also interfere with the behavior of these organisms causing variations in community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region
(2009-10) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; FARIAS, José Renato Bouças; LOUREIRO, Renata Silva de; BISPO, Carlos José Capela; SAMPAIO, Leila Sobral
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variabilidade espacial do conforto térmico e a segregação social do espaço urbano na cidade de Belém, PA
(2013-12) SILVA JUNIOR, João de Athaydes; COSTA, Antonio Carlos Lôla da; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; COSTA, Rafael Ferreira da
This work contributes to the study of urban climate in Belém, PA, during the lesser rainy season, along with an analysis of social segregation issues on urban space. A campaign for collecting meteorological data during the lesser rainy season on the region was made. The data were used to calculate the thermal comfort index inside the neighborhoods and compare them with the characteristic social types in each neighborhood. The results indicated that the West and Central areas of the city were less comfortable, because they are more urbanized and have less vegetation than other areas, while the East and West areas were more comfortable, with more vegetated areas and predominance of low buildings. The analysis indicated that there is not a well-defined pattern between the neighborhoods social types and theirs thermal comfort conditions, because the surface characteristics are more significant to the local microclimate changes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade de agricultores familiares da cadeia de produção de biodiesel de dendê à extremos de precipitação na comunidade Águas Pretas, Moju (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-14) BARRETO, Adriana Gisely Tavares; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The climate extremes have a negative impact in the Brazilian agribusiness and threaten the development of the rural communities that are mainly of the natural resources. That’s why it’s necessary to study the productive chain of oil palm (Elais guineensis Jacq.) based on future climatic risks, because the state of Pará is the largest domestical producer of oil plam and the structured chain with the integration of the family agriculture to the agricultural chain. The objective of this research was to analyze the vulnerabilities of family farmers of the “Aguas Pretas” community in the city of Moju, state of Pará, inserted in the production chain of biodiesel of oil palm, facing the precipitation extremes. The research was made in two steps: the first analyzed the climatic extremes of the precipitation series from 1981 to 2009 applying the descriptive method and the quantis, and the second step analyzed the vulnerability of the farmers through the variable/indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage, technological and of perception, that represented a vulnerable situation. To identify farmers’ vulnerability, the factorial analyses for main components was used, the index elaboration of climatic vulnerability and the group analyses, where 22 farmers were placed in five categories of predefined classification. The results have shown that the occurrence of very dry extremes and very rainy in the data series in the years of 1981 to 2009 in the city of Moju (PA). The identified climatic risk in the city represents a great threat to oil palm production, because the extreme impacts of precipitation over the plant are not only development stages but also the partial and total reduction of oil palm bunches. Those impacts in long term, directly affects the family farmers that are dependants of the exclusive selling of palm oil bunches to the industry, as well as it compromises the inclusion objectives of social inclusion and renewable energy production of the biodiesel Program. The family farmers from “Águas Pretas” community in the production chain of palm oil biodiesel reacted in different ways, considering the socioeconomic factors, technological and of perception factors, being distributed in five different categories of vulnerability (high, middle high, middle low and low). The groups of vulnerability of higher interest in the research were of high and low vulnerability, corresponding to 14% (3 farmers) and 18% (farmers), respectively, of the total interviewed farmers. The group of high vulnerability was characterized by farmers that used with low efficiency the highest part of the variables of disadvantages, indicating difficulties to compete and adapt, in case of climate extremes. The group of low vulnerability was characterized by farmers that uses with efficiency all the macro variables studied, showing socioeconomics advantages, technological and of perception. This group appeared to be more adapted in case of climate extremes, in the biodiesel chain, with the possibility to be a parameter to strategies elaboration of local adaptation. The risk perception and the raised factors have appeared to be a strong resource to analyze the vulnerability situation of local farmers. The farmer perception is oriented based on his convictions and daily experiences, being of great importance to the adaptable strategies elaboration to face climate extremes.