Navegando por Assunto "Collared peccary"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da torta de dendê na dieta de caititus (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-08) COSTA, Jociel Ferreira; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896The commercial breeding of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) has awakened interest in farmers due to the demand for its meat consumption and industrial use of byproducts such as leather. However, the highest cost of production of this species in captivity are the expenses on food. In this context, the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis), a fibrous byproduct extracted from the fruit nut, has a low cost and high availability in Pará State, Brazil, thus it’s possible to be used in the animal diet. Considering this, the aim of this study was to test the efficiency of the palm kernel cake inclusion in diets for collared peccaries in replacement of wheat bran, checking their weight gain, feed intake, carcass and non-components of carcass characteristics. For that, the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel cake inclusion with 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% in diets offered to the animals were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Eastern Amazon Region in 12 experimental stalls (12m2), using 40 male collared peccaries in finishing phase. Two animals were housed in each stall, in which they were given the corresponding treatment feed. Each enclosure served as an experimental unit, plus the stalls and their respective treatments were defined by drawing lots. The animals were divided according to weight and age, using a randomized block design. After the nutritional experiment the animals were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse for pigs. According to the treatments used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), average daily gain (ADG) was 46.85g, 26.83g, 36.10g and 52.13g and daily feed intake was 437.68g, 440.27g, 436.54, 436.25g respectively. The animals gained more weight as the inclusion of palm kernel cake increased in their diet, although the significant difference (p<0.05) was only observed in T7,5% compared to T0% and T22%. For each treatment used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), carcass dressing percentage was 59.54%, 56.63%, 56.58%, 62.07%, and ham percentage 31.61%, 33.58%, 30.16% and 35.57%, respectively, without significant difference (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the treatments used in both variables, there was an increase tendency of 4% and 12% for carcass dressing percentage and ham percentage, respectively, in T22, 5% when compared to T0%. Live weight, fasting weight, hot carcass, carcass length, blood, head, skin, organs, paws and commercial cuts were not influenced by the levels of palm kernel cake inclusion (p>0,05). The results suggest the inclusion to the level of 22%, of palm kernel cake in the collared peccary feed, in replacement of wheat bran, without any harms of animal performance.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Biometria testicular, eletroejaculação e características seminais de caititus, Tayassu tajacu Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) mantidos em cativeiro na Amazônia Oriental(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2010-12) KAHWAGE, Priscila Reis; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; RAMOS, Rosemar Silva Luz; DIAS, Hilma Lúcia Tavares; ALBUQUERQUE, Natália Inagaki de; BARTHA, Mário Mansour PinheiroResearch development in semen collection and sperm evaluation of Tayassu tajacu are necessary. The aims of this research were to evaluate testicular biometry of captive collared peccaries, test electroejaculation for semen collection and evaluate seminal characteristics during the year. Eight animals were submitted to electroejaculation and semen samples were evaluated according their physical and morphological characteristics. Left testicles measured 3.8 ± 0.4 cm X 2.6 ± 0.3 cm and presented 2.3 ± 0.2 of consistence, while right testicles were 3.8 ± 0.5 cm X 2.7 ± 0.3 cm and presented 2.3 ± 0.2 of consistence. Success rate on semen collections achieved 75.21%. Semen presented 0.81 ± 0.86 mL (volume), 137.44 ± 153 x 106 sptz mL-1 (sperm concentration), 7.92 ± 0.73 (pH), 52.66 ± 28.79% (sperm motility), 2.2 ± 0.8 (vigour), 55.84 ± 28.55% (plasmatic membrane integrity), 22.87 ± 12.93% (primary defects), 9.11 ± 5.88% (secondary defects) and 31.52 ± 13.81% (overall defects). Seminal characteristics showed no expressive variation along the year. Testicular symmetry was observed, electroejaculation was an efficient method to semen collection and slight mensal oscillations of seminal quality were not enough to characterize collared peccaries as seasonal reproductive animals.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produção in vitro de embriões de caititu (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-13) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896This work considers the application of reproduction biotechniques on species Pecari tajacu designed to improve its potential for upbringing in captivity and aiming its production, conservation and the multiplication of genetical resources. To determine the maturation time in vitro, 48 females were utilized. An amount of 69 CCOs were selected and divided in 4 groups, per age and per time of MIV. They were then submitted to parthenogenetic activation in ionomycin and 6-DMAP. For the meiotic progression analysis, 165 oocytes were divided in 4 groups according to supplementation of hormones in MIV and time of maturation. For the cryopreservation, epididymal sperm of 9 males were utilized, diluted in Tris-fructose and ACP-120 and divided in groups of refrigeration at 4°C and freezing at -196 °C in the presence of glutathione (GSH), where the parameters of motility, vigor and viable sperm were evaluated, after fresh dilution and cryopreservation. For the embryo production, 97 oocytes after MIV of 36 hours were divided in groups of parthenogenetic activation, IVF and ICSI. Through parthenogenetic activation the rates of cleavages were obtained (47%) for the oocytes of females with less than 2 years of age, submitted to MIV in 36 hours. In all groups cleavages were observed, but with no significant difference (P>0,05) among the groups analysed. One blastocyst rate of 15,4% was observed only in the group of oocytes activated after MIV of 44 hours. In the meiotic progression analysis, in all times analyzed oocytes were found in MII. In the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa it was observed a drop of the parameters analyzed in the two extenders in all groups. The presence of glutathione did not interfere significantly in the parameters analyzed. In the freezing, the rates of motility and viable sperm were superior in ACP-120 (> 50%) and in the freezing in tris-fructose, 33% and 18%. The production of embryos in vitro was well succeeded in the parthenogenetic activation (62,9%) and in ICSI (52,6%). In IVF the rates were low (7%). The production of blastocyst occurred only in the partenotes embryos (4,5%). The results of this work showed the feasibility of reproductives biotechniques, such gametes conservation and in vitro production of embryos of the species Pecari tajacu.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Regulação comportamental em caititus (Pecari tajacu): o efeito da estrutura social na função reprodutiva de fêmeas em cativeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-02) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896The failure in the fertility of adult female collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) bred in captivity are a restrictive factor for the efficiency of production and needs further investigation. Assess the reproductive function of females reared under intensive rearing system was the objective of this research. Twenty females were monitored in family groups (controls) for 60 days, and experimental groups (female descendants grouped with unrelated males and in the absence of parents), for more 60 days. The agonistic interactions, submission, friendly and sex were recorded three times a week, social dominance was assessed by Elo-rating method and the social preference by frequency of friendly interactions. Blood was collected for measurement of plasma progesterone by solid phase radioimmunoassay and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination. In three of the four control groups, the parents remained in the highest positions in the hierarchy while in the experimental group stage, the female descendants occupied the highest posts. The frequency of received friendly interactions depended on the sex and the condition (H = 142 991 p <0.01) whereas females mothers received, on average, 2.21 times more interactions than other individuals. Males and females received equal frequencies in the experimental groups. The estrus lasted 3.6 ± 1.0 days with progesterone at 1.2 ± 0.6 ng / mL and higher frequency of copulations in the final third of this period. Sexual interactions increased during estrus in females (P = 0.0019) and males (P <0.0009), which intensified their frequency of olfactory inspection. Copulations were recorded in the early pregnancy. All pluriparous females (heavier, older and dominant) showed reproductive activity (cyclicity or pregnancy) while seven nulliparous females had periods of anestrus, short (16 days) or long (60 days) in the control group. In the experimental group all nulliparous and primiparous mated and 14 pups were born, however, only five remained after seven days of life. We demonstrate the presence of the dominance of the parents on the progeny and a mechanism for reproductive inhibition in family groupings. We suggest that nulliparous females of reproductive age are relocated from their original group for groups with unrelated males, ensuring the reproductive potential of creation and access to food, space and other resources generally preferred prioritized by dominant individuals.