Navegando por Assunto "Compostos bioativos"

Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da tecnologia supercrítica no desenvolvimento de suplemento alimentar a base de extrato de murici (Byrsonima crassifolia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-29) PIRES, Flavia Cristina Seabra; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748
Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) is a fruit that has great therapeutic potential due to the presence of lutein, a carotenoid valued in the food supplementation market focused on eye health. Due to its riskiness, it became necessary to apply industrial processes that enable the increase of shelf life, the diversification of use and consumption, the addition of value and the expansion of the murici market, with the use of clean technologies associated with the incentive to the bioeconomy. Thus, the work entitled "Application of supercritical technology in the development of a food supplement based on murici extract (Byrsonima crassifolia)" was developed with the purpose of studying and applying murici extracts, extracted and nanoencapsulated via extraction with supercritical CO2, in food supplement. For this, the first step was to develop a study on obtaining extracts of murici pulp by supercritical technology. The best conditions for supercritical extraction of murici pulp were determined, with CO2 and CO2+ethanol, through variations in pressure (15 to 49 MPa), temperature (323.15 to 343.15 K), density (654 to 946 kg/m3 ), CO2 flow (8.85×10−5 to 1.33×10−4 kg / s) and dynamic extraction time (3600 to 10800 s), where the global yield isotherms, the bioactive compounds present in the extracts were obtained and in the extraction beds, such as: lutein, fatty acids, triglycerides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Functional quality, antioxidant capacity/activity, and cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects were also evaluated. The study of supercritical extraction made it possible to obtain non-toxic oils with a high content of lutein, consisting of long chain triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 and 9, and with antioxidant, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-atherosclerogenic, anti-thrombogenic and cytoprotective activities, where the best extraction condition was obtained at 343.15 K/ 49 MPa/ 900 kg/m3 . It also made it possible to obtain non-toxic ethanol extracts from defatted pulp, a by-product in the food industry, containing lutein, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, where the best extraction condition was obtained at 343.15 K/ 22 MPa/ 775 kg/m3 . Due to the cytoprotective effect, murici oil was used for the production of particles through the process of supercritical fluid of emulsions extraction (SFEE), where it was possible to produce murici oil nanoparticles with good concentration/retention of lutein, reduced size of particles and with high stability, where the best formulation of the starting emulsions was obtained with the thickener xanthan gum, with the emulsifier csgel and in a concentration of 6 mg / mL of murici oil, and the best condition of the SFEE process was the 8 MPa, 313.15 K, static period of 3600 s and dynamic period of 18000 s. From this, it was possible to obtain powdered SFEE emulsions of murici oil by lyophilization and spray drying with humidity, water activities, particle sizes, stability and lutein levels suitable for use in food supplements loaded in vegetable capsules. Vegetable capsules loaded with powdered SFEE emulation of murici oil by lyophilization and spray drying were within the loading standards for commercialization, where it was possible to obtain dietary supplements of murici oil, rich in lutein. Therefore, the present thesis showed that it is possible to use supercritical technology in the murici-based food supplements production chain, to facilitate the access and stability of the compounds to which the murici's therapeutic potentials are attributed. This work verticalized the importance of research on the functional effect of murici and on the use of supercritical technology, which contributed to the development of the region's bieconomics and new products by science, technology and food engineering, with a great return to society
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da composição química e do potencial antioxidante de acessos de Euterpe oleracea e Euterpe precatoria para posterior aplicação como corante natural na formulação de bala de goma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-11) LISBOA, Camile Ramos; CARVALHO, Ana Vânia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7856575452724939; CHISTÉ, Renan Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0583058299891937
The present dissertation evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of eight different genotypes of Euterpe oleracea and eight of Euterpe precatoria, from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (Belém/PA), in order to select the best accession for each species for later application in the formulation of gummy candies. The parameters of pulp yield, total lipids, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and the evaluation of antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method in the eight accessions of each species were evaluated. PL01 genotype, belonging to the species of E. precatoria, showed greater prominence compared to the other genotypes studied, for total phenolic compounds (2414.11 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g), total monomeric anthocyanins (1822.22 mg cyanidin 3-glycoside/100 g), total flavonoids (325.07 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g) and antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method (96.54 μM trolox equivalent/g), in relation to the species of E. oleracea, the L2PL5 genotype presented better prominence in relation to its same species in the parameters of total monomeric anthocyanins (736.05 mg cyanidin 3- glycoside/100 g), total flavonoids (306.55 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g) antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method (53.77 μM trolox equivalent/g). From this first study, a genotype of each specie, based on the high levels of anthocyanins, in order to evaluate the application of lyophilized açaí in the candy formulation. of gum to monitor the stability of the natural pigment compared to a gummy bear with artificial coloring. Parameters such as pH, total acidity, total soluble solids (oBrix), total monomeric anthocyanins and instrumental color of the gummies produced during 30 days of storage at room temperature were monitored. At the end of the 30 days of storage, it was observed that there was a lower rate of degradation of total monomeric anthocyanins in the gummies with lyophilized açaí from Euterpe precatoria, compared to the gummies with lyophilized açaí from Euterpe oleracea of 1.25 x 10-1 days and 1.52 x 10-1 days, by the first order model, respectively, in addition to a lower loss of total monomeric anthocyanins, in percentagem, 48.17 % and 61.73 %, respectively. Regarding color stability, the lyophilized açaí gummies from Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria showed a perception of color change in a similar period of 20 days, being an ideal alternative of time for storage and consumption. It is concluded that the applicability of lyophilized açaí in food products can be seen as a viable alternative, resulting in foods with a good source of bioactive properties such as anthocyanins, in order to produce a healthier alternative to gummy bears.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição química, potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano (in vitro) de extratos de geoprópolis de abelhas sem ferrão da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-22) SILVA, Jonilson de Melo e; OLIVEIRA, Johnatt Allan Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4620766111243038; MARTINS, Luiza Helena da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1164249317889517; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-4502
The Amazon region presents a growing development of meliponiculture, the rational breeding of stingless bees. However, an essential product of this activity, geopropolis (a material made from resinous substances collected from plants to which bees add salivary secretions, wax, pollen, and earth), still has little value on the market due to the lack of information about its chemical composition and biological activities. The objective of this work is to study the geopropolis of stingless bees uruçu amarela (Melipona flavolineata), uruçu boca de renda (Melipona seminigra pernigra), and uruçu cinzenta (Melipona fasciculata), from the city of Terra Alta, located in the northeast of the state of Pará, regarding its chemical and mineral composition, determination of bioactive compounds, evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and determination of the chromatographic profile (volatile compounds) of geopropolis ethanolic extracts obtained by agitation and sonication. The extracts from the optimal condition showed significant levels of total phenolic compounds, ranging from 5491.1 ± 446.33 to 13019.19 ± 186.56 mg EAG/100g, as well as the content of total flavonoids, which was between 190.31 ± 2.61 and 2498.02 ± 78.24 mg QE/100g. Regarding antioxidant activity, the sample with the best performance was yellow uruçu, which presented results of 1537.66 ± 19.52 μmol trolox eq./g, 1773.56 ± 6.52 μmol trolox eq./g and 7074, 41 ± 215.73 μmol ferrous sulfate eq./g, in the respective DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. Samples from uruçu Boca de renda and uruçu content presented antimicrobial action, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 and 2 mg/mL, respectively. The analysis of volatile compounds demonstrated distinct chemical profiles between the samples since only 3 of the identified compounds (less than 4% of the total) were standard in all analyzed samples, suggesting that the geopropolis of the three species are made from different resin sources, despite the hives being located in the same environment. This exploratory research contributes essential information to the knowledge of the activities exhibited by the geopropolis produced in the Amazon region, helping in the progression of studies on stingless bees.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de bebida fermentada análoga a kombucha, à base de inflorescências de jambu (acmella oleracea), e monitoramento de compostos bioativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-19) BARROS, Vinícius Costa; BOTELHO, Vanessa Albres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0992385832433182; CHISTÉ, Renan Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0583058299891937; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-3297
Kombucha is a fermented product that is increasingly expanding in relation to its consumption and the advancement of its research due to claims of its correlated health benefits, arising from its compounds generated in fermentation. Therefore, the following research aimed to corroborate these advances by developing an analogue to the fermented one using jambu (Acmella oleracea) as substrate, three formulations of the drink were developed in which in the first stage the pH values, total acidity were monitored for 7 days, total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars, antioxidant capacity, in addition to total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. After the product was ready, the same parameters, as in the first fermentation, were observed with the addition of volatile and fixed acidity, density, profile of phenolic compounds, microbiological and sensory analyses. The final products agreed with the regulated standard for kombuchas (IN 41 MAPA, Brazil), being microbiologically safe, and the formulation with 75% of jambu addition was the one with the highest sensorial preference as well as purchasing potential. In general, during the first fermentation, the formulation with 50% of jambu addition showed the best performance for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, requiring new future stability studies of these compounds to be available in ready-made products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo do efeito da clivagem ácida (escalas analítica e piloto) de proantocianidinas presentes em extratos de matrizes vegetais da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-30) SATO, Suenne Taynah Abe; SOUZA, Jesus Nazareno Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640438725903079
The Amazon Region presents a great source of species rich in bioactive compounds, such as Euterpe oleracea (açaizeiro), Byrsonima crassifolia (murucizeiro) and Inga edulis (ingazeiro). From these matrices, purified extracts rich in phenolic content have been produced containing compounds such as flavonoids and tannins. It is known that tannins, more specifically condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) are polymers of simple phenolic compounds, and when present in foods, are involved in the sensation of astringency due to its complexation with saliva protein, thus acting as an anti-nutrition agent. Methods have been developed aiming the depolymerization of these compounds, such as acid cleavage, because apart from promoting the reduction of astringency, studies have shown that they also contribute to increased antioxidant capacity and to promote the absorption of these compounds. It is noteworthy that, with the growing interest in monomeric phenolic compounds, tests on a pilot scale, to produce them in larger quantities, are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the acid cleavage of proanthocyanidins, on a pilot scale, present in the extracts of Amazonic plants, thus evaluating the phenolic content, the astringent and antioxidant capacity. In order to achieve that, the purified aqueous extracts of each plant were characterized by spectrophotometric analysis (total phenolic content, total flavonols and total flavanols, total anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity (DPPH)), astringency analysis and identification of the main compounds by on High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Subsequently the samples underwent an acid cleavage with a reaction medium of 60% Ethanol, HCl 3N, in a temperature of 88 °C for 165 minutes. The purified aqueous extracts of muruci, ingá and açaí showed a high concentration of polyphenols (761.83, 493.59 and 531.55 mg GAE/g MS, respectively), as well as high concentrations of total flavanols, total flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. The process of acid cleavage promoted an increase in the content of total polyphenols and was effective in hydrolyzing the proanthocyanidins, in reducing the astringency, in increasing the antioxidant capacity as well as in obtaining subclass of compounds of anthocyanins for the three extracts. The scaling-up process resulted in no significant difference (p>0.05) regarding the cleavage held in analytical scale, for all extracts. Besides the depolymerization of proanthocyanidins, the acid treatment provides the deglycosylation of flavonoids as glycosylated quercetins (Byrsonima crassifolia and Inga edulis), glycosylated miricetins (Inga edulis) and glycosylated cianidins (Euterpe oleracea). Thus, the increase in scale of the process made possible the production of extracts rich in compounds with high antioxidant capacity which provided good indication to the possible use of these extracts as antioxidants agents in food and pharmaceutical products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da composição química e atividades biológicas de óleos essenciais de Piper divaricatum, Syzygium aromaticum e Siparuna guianensis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-17) OLIVEIRA, Mozaniel Santana de; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748
The present thesis brings three literature review studies, where we show the use of supercritical CO2 to obtain essential oils from different aromatic plants. In addition, the different biological applications of essential oils such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidants, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and phytotoxic. Based on these studies, three research manuscripts were made. The first reports the use of supercritical CO2 in different combinations of temperature and pressure: 35 and 55 °C and 100, 300 and 500 bar. We also report the use of the hydrodistillation process to obtain fractions of the essential oil Piper divaricatum. Mass extracts, chemical composition, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChE) were analyzed. Supercritical CO2 extraction showed better efficiency in obtaining essential oil compared to hydrodistillation. The 55/500 bar isotherm resulted in the highest bulk yield of 7.40 0.08 %. Methyl eugenol was the compound with the highest concentration ranging from 48.01 to 61.85%, the fraction obtained in the condition of 35 ºC / 300 bar being the most effective in relation to the antioxidant activity, with values of 34.69 ± 1.38 % (DPPH) and 296.86 ± 8.96 (mgTrolox / mL) (ABTS), respectively. Ligands, following molecular coupling, exhibited molecular positions that promoted interactions with different amino acid residues that are important for enzymatic catalysis with His447. The second article discusses the cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of the major component of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum obtained by supercritical CO2. In this work, gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the essential oil in different concentrations for one hour: 5 μL / ml, 7.5 μL / ml and 10 μL / ml. The culture medium was used as control. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed using the 3(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT®) method. Susceptibility was evaluated in three microorganisms Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analyzes showed a significant difference in cell viability for the concentration of 10 μL / mL, in relation to the control group. As a result, the plant extract showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 10 μL / mL in human gingival fibroblasts. The interaction mode of eugenol, the main compound and main component responsible for the biological activity of the essential oil, was evaluated. Molecular anchoring of eugenol with important metabolic pathway proteins of C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus microorganisms were performed. The results demonstrated that the compound is capable of interacting with catalytic residues of the enzymes and forming an energetically favorable system with such proteins. The results of the free energy binding obtained demonstrate this ability. For the eugenol-N-myristoyltransferase system (C. albicans), the ΔGbin value was - 19.01 kcal / mol, for the Enoil reductase (E. Coli) ΔGbind was equal to -11.31 kcal / mol and for the SarA (S. aureus) ΔGbind was -13.58 kcal / mol. And in the third article we talked about the essential oil of Siparuna guianensis that oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. Identification of the chemical compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity was performed in four microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, (ATCC 3440), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC-10231). The docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed with the highest concentration of target-drug proteins, 1ILA (C. albicans), 1C14 (E. coli), 2WE5 (E. faecalis) and 4TQX (S. mutans). The main compounds identified were: Elemene (7.58%), Curzereno (7.62%), Germacrene D (8.17%), β-Elemenone (12.76%) and Atratylone (18.96%). Gram-positive bacteria and fungi were the most susceptible to the effects of essential oil. The results obtained in the simulation showed that the main compound atratylone interacts with the catalytic sites of the target proteins, forming energetically favorable systems and remaining stable during the period of11 molecular dynamics. The results presented by the essential oils of the three species studied in the present thesis show that they have applications in several areas of knowledge as for the control of microorganisms and as a preservative in the food industry because it has antioxidant action, free radical control, and as possible agents promoting neuroprotective activity being used primarily for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, retarding the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, thereby improving cholinergic manifestations in the synaptic clefts of the human brain
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo combinado de desidratação osmótica e secagem convectiva para o Jambolão (Syzygium Cumini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-03) ARAÚJO, Adriano Lucena de; PENA, Rosinelson da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3452623210043423 ID Lattes: 3452623210043423
Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruits are ellipsoid-shaped berries that belong to the Myrtaceae family and present a fleshy pulp, which involves a single seed. The fruit peel has a thin film that displays an intense purple color in the final stage of maturation, due to the presence of anthocyanins. Recent studies have evaluated the action of the main biological activities involving the different parts of the jambolan tree, which have indicated the presence of anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potentials. Although jambolan has important phytochemicals in its composition, the fruit is little known by the Brazilian population and, for this reason, its consumption is not very expressive during the short harvest period (30 to 40 days). Thus, in order to take advantage of the technological potential of jambolan and prolong the shelf life of the fruit, which is very perishable, the objective of this research was to study the combined process of osmotic dehydration (OD) and convective drying of jambolan, in order to extend its expiry date and add value to the fruit. For this, an initial study was carried out to evaluate the proximate composition of the fruit’s pulp and seed and to study the stability of these fractions during storage, through moisture desorption isotherms (25-55oC), where the energy demands (thermodynamic properties) were estimated, which are required for the dehydration of the fruit. Then, the physical-chemical and biometric characterization of the fruits were carried out and the effect of the main variables, involved in the OD of jambolan, was evaluated through a fractional factorial design 2 6-2 . Finally, the effect of OD on the drying kinetics of fruits at 50, 60 and 70oC was evaluated; depending on the content of monomeric anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. The results indicated that the moisture levels that guarantee the greatest degradative stability to the jambolan pulp and seed during storage are 8 g H2O/100 g (dry basis - db) and 5.1 g H2O/100 g db, respectively. It was also observed that the energies involved dehydration process were higher for pulp than seed. The biometric analysis showed that the jambolan pulp and peel contribute with more than 70% of the fruit weight and the composition analysis indicated promising amounts of anthocyanins (147 ± 1.85 mg.100-1g) and phenolic compounds (391 ± 18.89 mg GAE.100-1g). The selection of variables for the jambolan OD process showed that temperature, sucrose concentration, calcium lactate concentration and pressure had significant effects on the water loss response, which is of great importance in OD. On the other hand, losses of monomeric anthocyanins (46.6%) and phenolic compounds (26.9%) were observed after 72 hours of OD. Finally, the research showed that the fruits submitted to OD required shorter drying times than the fruits not submitted to this pre-treatment. These results indicate that the combination of OD and convective drying is a relevant technological alternative for the conservation of jambolan fruit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração assistida por ultrassom de compostos bioativos das matrizes vegetais (eryngium foetidum L e talinum triangulare Jacq. Willd) do bioma amazônico utilizando solventes verdes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-19) SANTOS FILHO, Adilson Ferreira; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7524720020580309
The present work aims to evaluate the extraction parameters of bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, betalains and saponins) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) of extracts using the probe assisted extraction method ultrasound with green solvents (ethanol and olein), in samples of chicória leaves (Eryngium foetidum L.) and cariru leaves (Talinum triangulare Jacq. Willd.). Five phases of extractions were evaluated, where in each phase the effect generated individually of each variable (ethanol concentration, proportion of ethanol and olein mixture, equipment range, temperature and extraction time) on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. In the 1st extraction phase, the results obtained in this presented work was high yields of biomolecules and antioxidant capacity in relation to the levels reported in the literature of chicória and cariru. The 70% ethanol concentration was the best extraction range for the samples. In the 2nd phase, the mixture ratio of 1:3 of ethanol: olein was the best range for capturing bioactive compounds for both samples. In the 3rd extraction phase (equipment range) when it varies from 50 to 80%, it was observed that depending on the compound of interest, the range used can vary, however, the range of 70% showed the highest yield in relation to bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity for chicória and cariru. In relation to the 4th extraction phase (temperature) it allowed an increase in the capture of the compounds, being the ideal range of 30ºC for cariru and 40ºC for chicória. In the last extraction phase where the extraction time was evaluated, it was found that for both samples the period of 15 minutes provided high yields. Regarding the applied modeling, it can be highlighted that the kinetic model of mass transfer presents the possibility to predict the experimental data and to predict values of bioactive compounds with a confidence limit of 99%. By evaluating the oxidative stability of the extracts, it can be seen that the compounds present in the optimized extracts enabled a protective action, managing to extend the olein stability index from 8 hours to 13.68 hours in the case of cariru extract and 12.79 hours for chicory. 7
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração supercrítica da polpa liofilizada de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.): determinação de compostos bioativos e solubilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-26) SILVA, Marcilene Paiva da; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580
The present study brings results related to the use of supercritical CO2 to obtain oil from the freeze-dried açaí pulp. During the period of this work, analyzes of bioactive compounds and prediction of oil solubility in supercritical CO2 were carried out in three municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil: Anajás, Chaves and Saracá, and extractions were carried out under these conditions: 50 °C/350 bar, 60 °C/420 and 70 °C/490 bar. In this study, the levels of bioactive compounds present in the pulp before and after extraction were determined and the highest yields of oil in mass (57.06%) were obtained for the locality of Chaves. Based on the fatty acid composition, the levels of triglycerides present in the oil were predicted and the main predicted TAGs were OOO, POO, OLiO, PLiO and POP and the solubility prediction showed the same behavior of the global yields that increased as the pressure and temperature increased. Furthermore, after the extractions, there was an increase in the concentrations of bioactive compounds and in the antioxidant capacity in the lyophilized açaí pulp from all municipalities. The lyophilized pulp of the fruits of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) from the three municipalities was also submitted to an evaluation of its morphological structure by the methods of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), which showed irregular shape and size of the pulp particles and presence of the chemical elements oxygen, potassium and calcium. Regarding the color parameters of the lyophilized pulp, the a* coordinate showed positive values, indicating that the samples tend to purple, the hue angle °Hue showed a certain tendency to the color range between red and purple. The results of the mineral profile showed that the minerals Ca and Mg from the pulp of the three regions studied were the minerals found in abundance, with concentrations ranging from 4951.55 μg/g to 5540.41 μg/g.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O extrato aquoso de Coriandrum sativum L. promove neuroproteção contra alterações motoras e danos oxidativos na progênie de ratas expostas ao metilmercúrio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01) RODRIGUES, Keuri Eleutério; PRADO, Alejandro Ferraz do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7016475842644161; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-9124
This study aimed to investigate the efects of Coriandrum sativum aqueous extract (EACS) on the rat progeny of mothers exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). The presence of bioactive compounds and EACS's antioxidant capacity been evaluated, and the spring were assessed for their total mercury levels, motor behavioral parameters and oxidative stress in the cerebellum. The analysis of the bioactive compounds revealed significant amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, as well as a variety of minerals. A DPPH test showed the EACS had important antioxidant activity. The MeHg + EACS group performed significantly better spontaneous locomotor activity, palmar grip strength, balance, and motor coordination in behavioral tests compared the MeHg group, as well as in the parameters of oxidative stress, with similar results to those of the control group. The MeHg + EACS group alsohad significantly reduced mercury levels in comparison to the MeHg group. Based on the behavioral tests, which detected large locomotor, balance, and coordination improvements, as well as a reduction in oxidative stress, we conclude that EACS had positive functional results in the spring of rats exposed to MeHg.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem e simulação de sistemas multicomponentes a altas pressões aplicada a separação de compostos bioativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-30) SILVA, Welisson de Araújo; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682
Large applications using supercritical fluids related to the fractionation of natural products have been studied in recent decades. This work had as objective the thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibrium of binary and multicomponent systems of vegetable oils related compounds (fatty acids, triglycerides, squalene, α-tocopherol and methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids) with supercritical carbon dioxide, using the cubic equations of state of Soave-Redich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR), with the Quadratic and Mathias-Klotz-Prausnitz mixing rules, to build a database of binary interaction parameters between these constituents and between these constituents with carbon dioxide, with an emphasis on the interactions related to bioactive compounds. The equations of PR and SRK showed efficiency in correlation of binary systems equilibrium data. For most binary systems experimental data fit, with the mixing rules with two binary interaction parameters, obtained good results and cash equivalents when compared with the mixing rules with three parameters. For multicomponent systems, when the experimental data were correlated with the PE program, employing both equations with quadratic mixing rule, shown convergence, best results for phase equilibrium description and the representativeness of the thermodynamic analysis of separation through the distribution coefficients were obtained. For the CO2 (1)/(2) oleic acid/linoleic acid (3) system, the prediction of equilibrium with an interaction parameters matrix of binary systems proved equivalent in relation to the use of multicomponent systems interaction parameters. In relation to the CO2 (1)/Methyl Myristate (2)/Methyl Palmitate (3) system the results obtained from the calculation using the interaction parameters matrix of binary systems, as with the parameters of interaction of multicomponent system, showed average deviation similar to the temperature of 323.15 K. For the CO2 (1)/Squalene (2)/(3)/Triolein oleic acid (4) system, the best results were obtained by the Quadratic mixing rule with the multi-component system interaction parameters. In relation to the CO2 (1)/(2) oleic acid/Palmitic acid (3)/Squalene (4) system, the results obtained using the interaction parameters matrix of binary systems showed average deviations below 8%. The calculation of the ELV for the CO2 (1)/Methyl Myristate (2)/Methyl Palmitate (3)/Methyl Oleate (4)/Methyl Stearate (5) system, with the EDEflash and PE program with Quadratic mixture rule, using the interaction parameters matrix from binary systems showed similar results. For the CO2 (1)/Ethyl Palmitate (2)/ Ethyl Stearate(3)/ Ethyl Oleate (4)/ Ethyl Linoleate (5) (palm oil ethyl esters) system, the prediction of the ELV with the SRK combined with Quadratic mixing rule, using the interaction parameters matrix from binary systems, presented results with deviations below 4% in both phases at 333.15 K.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção de extratos da polpa de açaí (Euterpe oleracea) por extração supercrítica: isotermas de rendimento global, atividade alelopática dos extratos, enriquecimento de antocianinas e compostos fenólicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-04) BATISTA, Camila de Cássia Rodrigues; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748
Açaí is one of the most popular functional foods of the Amazon, widely consumed in Brazil and became known in other countries, especially due to the many benefits it has for a wide use in the growing market for nutraceuticals. Açaí extracts derived have a number of components with antioxidant, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and energy. Among the appropriate technologies in the processes, supercritical technology has become advantageous to obtain extracts with higher quality, adding value to products and by-products of the process. This work presents as objective a study of the supercritical extraction process of acai pulp to obtain extracts rich in bioactive compounds. A evaluation of the variables of the supercritical extraction process with CO2 (temperature, pressure, and solvent density) of Açai pulp showed the conditions that maximize the amount extracts (lipid fraction) obtained, and enable the concentration anthocyanins in açai pulp defatted for subsequent extraction of these compounds. The extracts obtained from extraction with CO2 were evaluated for fatty acid composition and allelopathic activities. The overall yield isotherms showed that the maximum amount of extract obtained in the process was in the condition of 70°C/490 bar followed by the condition of 50°C/350 bar.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização da pasteurização da polpa de jambolão (Syzygium cumini lamarck)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-21) AMÉRICO, Gilciane Vergolino; CARVALHO, Ana Vânia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7856575452724939; LOPES, Alessandra Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8156697119235191
The Syzygium cumini Lamarck fruits, popular known as jambolan, are a source of anthocyanin and antioxidant. This study aimed to optimize the thermic pasteurization of the jambolan pulp, with the purpose to inactivate the enzymes, the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity retention. Physical analyses: transverse length (2,49cm), longitudinal length (1,68cm) and percent yield (57,22%); and physicochemical: moisture (89.43%) ash (0.27%), lipid (0.23%), protein (0.72%), acidity (5.99% citric ac.), soluble solids (9,17 ° Brix), pH (3.34), total phenolic (182.01 mgGAE.100g-1), total anthocyanin (93.56 mg.100g-1) and antioxidant activity by DPPH method (EC50 = 4552.26 g / gDPPH) and ABTS (18,48 μMTrolox / g) were performed. Due to a resistance while trying to flow the jambolan pulp in the pasteurizer pipes, the pulp was diluted and complied with the national legislation (Brasil, 2003) for tropical juice. The methodology used was a central composite design (2²), using as independent variables: temperature (°C) and time (s), and as response variables: total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and enzymatic activity (POD and PPO). The enzymes of the jambolan tropical juice were completely inactivated, except for POD in the test treated with 85ºC/39sec. The independent variables and the interaction of them didn’t influence significantly at 95% of confidence level in the results obtained to generate predictive models of the characteristics evaluated, except for the total phenolic content. The best condition to obtain a maximum retention of the compounds analyzed and the complete inactivation of the enzymes was the temperature 92ºC and time 70sec for tropical juice of jambolan which was pasteurized.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Principais compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante da polpa do camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) em diferentes estádios de maturação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-25) OLIVEIRA, Thaise Cristine de Souza; MATTIETTO, Rafaella de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7832266671782588; LOPES, Alessandra Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8156697119235191
This study aimed to determine physical and physico-chemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity from camu-camu pulp of three different progenies, came from Active Germplasm Bank of camucamuzeiro, at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in three ripening stages. Over the ripening, the mass and the diameters varied (p ≤ 0.05) just for progeny 44 and the pulp yield increased for all the progenies, with results over 50% in the ripe stage. The ripening stage didn’t show effects in the moisture and ashes content and also pH for progeny 38; ashes for progeny 44 and fat and insoluble fibers for progeny 17. The others results varied with the ripening, but, with different behaviors to each progeny, except for the total sugar, soluble solids contents and the SS/TTA ratio, which showed a tendency to increase, and the total titratable acidity decreased in all the progenies. Overall, a higher level of vitamins C were obtained in the green stage, with a first step of degradation, as it reached the semi-ripe stage, followed by a synthesis step until the end of the ripening stage, except for the progeny 38, which showed a reduction. As for the phenolic compounds, during the ripening stage, the three progenies were characterized for synthesis and degradation processes of the total phenolic compounds; the total flavanols decreased; the flavonols content had a distinct behavior in each progeny, with an increasing in the progenies 17 and 38, and a decreasing in the progeny 44; due to a limitation of the method used to determine small quantities, It was possible to quantify anthocyanins only for progenies 17 and 44 in the ripening stage. The antioxidant capacity, determinated through the methods TEAC and DPPH, decreased in all the progenies. Besides the significant effects of the ripening stage, the results showed that the genetic variability of camu-camu influenced significantly the physical characteristics of the fruits and the continents of all compounds studied, and still the antioxidant capacity obtained through the methods mentioned.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Principais compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante no epicarpo do camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) em função da maturação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-25) SOUZA, Aline Ozana de; MATTIETTO, Rafaella de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7832266671782588; LOPES, Alessandra Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8156697119235191
The presence of bioactive compounds suffers greatly influenced by environmental and genetic factors, and behave differently in each part of the plant. However, there are few studies which deal these aspects of camu-camu. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the physical, physico-chemical composition, the main bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of camu-camu bark, depending on the stage of ripeness in fruits of different genotypes from plant matrices Bank Active Germplasm Camucamuzeiro of Embrapa Eastern Amazon. Fruits of three genotypes, selected at random in three maturity stages were collected. Results were expressed on a dry basis and analyzed by Analysis of Variance, Comparison Test Tukey's and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, with a confidence interval of 95%. For physico-chemical analysis, there was a different one for each progeny, depending on maturity, except that the carbohydrate content increased in all progenies behavior. For vitamin C, the progenies 38 and 44 showed a high content of ascorbic acid, comparing the green and ripe stages, and 17 progeny showed a decrease during maturation; the highest content of vitamin C has been found in 44 progeny, ripe stage (24,02 g/100g). All progenies showed an increase in the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins throughout maturation, with the highest values were demonstrated by progeny 17 (3298,98 AGE/100g mg) and 44 (165,91 mg/100g) respectively. Flavonols and carotenoids showed a distinct and statistically different behavior in each progeny, with the highest content of flavonols was found in 17 progeny in the green stage (343,63 mg QE/100g) and carotenoids in 44 progeny, ripe stage (105,88 mg/100g). Regarding the antioxidant activity based on the DPPH method, the progenies 38 and 44 showed the same behavior throughout maturation, with higher antioxidant activity half ripe and smallest stage in green, with the highest antioxidant activity was found in 17 progeny in the ripe stage (38,95 g fruit/g). Already by ABTS method, the antioxidant activity was statistically different for all progenies and in all stages of maturation, higher value submitted by 44 progeny at maturity (170,63 μM trolox/g). Evaluating the relationship between bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, the 17 progeny won more statistically significant correlations. It can be concluded that various factors cause differences in the synthesis of various compounds during fruit ripening of camucamuzeiro.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tecnologia supercrítica aplicada à extração do óleo de bacaba-de-leque (oenocarpus distichus), determinação de compostos bioativos e avaliação dos parâmetros de processo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-08) CUNHA, Vânia Maria Borges; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748
The Oenocarpus distichus species is a native palm from Brazilian Amazon biomes, popularly known as bacaba-de-leque. Its economic value is mainly based on the palm heart exploitation and the fruits pulp oil extraction, used for edible purposes. Despite this, there is little knowledge about this species, especially regarding its functional characteristics and its nutritional contribution to local populations and society in general. Therefore, in this thesis, three research manuscripts were produced in order to promote the valorization of the species in the industrial scenario. The studies were carried out by applying supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) for the extraction of oil from the lyophilized bacaba-de-leque pulp under different process conditions. In the first article, the operating temperatures of 50 °C was applied, combined with pressures of 150, 220 and 350 bar, and 60 °C, combined with pressures of 190, 270 and 420 bar, to obtain the best oil yield. Its chemical composition was evaluated, as well as the bioactive compounds contents present in the pulp before and after extraction. The maximum oil yields were reached at 50 ºC/350 bar (45.23%) and 60 ºC/270 bar (45.90%). The oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids, as well as the predicted triglycerides OLiO, PLiO, OOO, POP, and POO were predominant in the oil composition, independent of the extraction conditions, and presented excellent functional quality. There was an increase in phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins contents, and antioxidant capacity of the bacaba-deleque pulp extracts after the Sc-CO2 extraction. In the second article, the nutritional and physicochemical properties of the oil extracted by Sc-CO2 at 50 °C/350 bar were investigated, as well as its thermal stability, the presence of functional compounds and the cytotoxic effect. The extracted oil showed 21.36 μg/g oil of total carotenoids. The quality parameters evaluated, which define the physicochemical properties, presented values within the standards recommended by the legislation for crude vegetable oils, and were similar to those of edible oils marketed in Brazil and in other countries. The thermogravimetric profiles indicated relative thermal stability at 210 ºC. The spectral bands, determined by FTIR, showed that the extraction method and the operating conditions applied did not alter the characteristic functional group profile. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that the extracted oil had no cytotoxic effect. The third article consists of a study of the supercritical extraction kinetics of bacabade- leque oil in two extraction vessels (V1 and V2) at different solvent flows (𝑄𝐶𝑂2) at 50 °C/350 bar and 60 °C/270 bar. The experimental data were properly adjusted by modifying the Broken-and-Intact Cell (BIC) model, proposed in the literature. Lastly, experimental and predicted scale-up procedures were evaluated, correlating operational variables in different bed geometries. The operational parameters applied did not influence the final oil yields. However, the initial stages of extraction were visibly affected. The use of the correlation between bed height and diameter (Hb/Db) and 𝑄𝐶𝑂2 , for the same feed mass (F), was not enough to reproduce the experimental kinetic curves from V1 (5×10-5 m3) to V2 (10-4 m3). However, when expressed as a function of solvent consumption, the curves converged to the same line, showing that the total amount of CO2 consumed was responsible for the process efficiency. In predicting scale-up, the increase of F and 𝑄𝐶𝑂2 for the same Hb/Db proved to be adequate to reproduce the kinetic behavior of the experimental scale in larger scales. The results of these studies showed that bacaba-de-leque oil is presented as a high-quality product, which is attributed to its chemical composition and functional properties, and provide information that allows the improvement and technical feasibility of oil extraction for possible application on a commercial scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de métodos não convencionais visando a obtenção de extratos naturais enriquecidos de biomoléculas a partir de rejeitos vegetais descartados em feiras livres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-16) MELO, Giselle Cristine da Silva; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7524720020580309