Navegando por Assunto "Conflito socioambiental"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ambição dos Pariwat: consulta prévia e conflito socioambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-12) OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Magalhães de; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048
This paper discusses the situational application of the right of free, prior and informed consultation the different ethnic groups in contexts of social and environmental conflicts produced by projects characterized by intense exploitation of territories and natural resources. The dissertation is located in the interdisciplinary field of Legal Anthropology, whose theoretical and methodological contributions help in the understanding of the uses of law, in addition to legal-centered approaches concerned with compliance / non-compliance with state law. Social and environmental conflict, legal sensitivity, legal pluralism and interlegality are the fundamental categories of analysis. Through ethnography of social and environmental conflict surrounding the Hydroelectric Plant São Luiz do Tapajós project, i seek to show that the federal government and the indigenous people Munduruku have differing legal sensibilities about the situational application of prior consultation. The government's legal sensibility and munduruku legal sensisibility adjust to a broader dispute in which different agents compete to regulate ethnic rights globally. The work shows how human rights may be appropriate creatively by ethnically differentiated groups to strengthen their political struggles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) SILVA, Cristiane Matos da; TEIXEIRA, Otávio Noura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784356232477760; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5996; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Área de proteção ambiental da ilha de Algodoal: conflitos socioambientais e perspectivas de governança
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) HONDA, Yohane Figueira; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219X
The objective of the research is to analyze the main socio-environmental conflicts for the environment of the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the island of Algodoal. The work comes to examine what are the main problems existing in the conservation unit that hinder the process of management and conservation of natural resources. The central question that guides the research: what socio-environmental conflicts are generated for management and the possibilities of mediations of possible impacts on the conservation unit of the island of Algodoal? The research method discussed in the chosen research was case study, for the identification of environmental conflicts in the area of environmental protection of the island of Algodoal. The theoretical framework of the research was outlined under the Literatures of socio-environmental conflicts over the conservation units (UC), conceptual approach to governance and environmental education. The search of the data the first stage composed by the bibliographical survey, consultations of documentary sources, as well as visits to the field that provided understanding of the dynamics and the process of discussion mediations of conflicts. The interviews were directed to the directors managers, technicians and manager of the environmental agency, local leaders of the Environmental Protection Area, using the technique simple observation and the interstructured interviews. The main conclusions of the study reveal the fragility and numerous cases of socio-environmental conflicts in the Environmental Protection Area. Conflicts of character were found: economic interest, use and appropriation of the territory, conflict of ecological order, political-institutional conflict. The mediations of such conflicts present in the Environmental Protection Area were suggested more practices of environmental education that contributed to the strengthening and consolidation of the management of the conservation units.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Casos judicializados decorrentes da construção da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09-25) SILVA, Mauricio de Jesus Nunes da; OLIVEIRA, Maria Cristina César de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6570600503324199
The greatness of the hydroelectric project of Belo Monte, carried out under the argument of necessity of reinforcement of the country's energy matrix to ensure national development, generates many and undeniable socioenvironmental impacts in the region where it is located. As a result of these impacts, several lawsuits have been proposed whose purpose is the analysis of due compliance with the legislation that rules the environmental licensing procedure of the project, as well as the changes imposed on environment and on the lives of indigenous peoples and riverine of local cities. In this background, the present study aims to know how has positioned itself the Judiciary Branch when asked to manifest about the socioenvironmental conflicts caused by the operation of UHE Belo Monte, and likewise, whether the judiciary responses are compatible with socioenvironmental jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The study has a research subject a group of seventeen legal actions filed by federal prosecutors in the period from 2001 to the year 2014, that (still) are in progress in the Federal Justice. Comparing the judgments to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights's jurisprudence, it is clear that in several cases, was not adopted the perspective of this International Court concerning the rights to life, previous consultation, free and informed the indigenous peoples, access to justice, and about the precaution and the polluter pays's principies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflito e gestão ambiental na zona costeira amazônica: o caso da vila de Camará, reserva extrativista (RESEX) marinha mestre Lucindo, Marapanim-Pará-Amazônia-Brasil
(Universidade da Amazônia, 2019-11) SANTOS, Márcia Cristina; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflito e gestão ambiental na zona costeira amazônica: o caso da vila do Camará, reserva extrativista (RESEX) marinha mestre lucindo, Marapanim - Pará - Amazônia - Brasil
(Revistas Brasileiras Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda., 2020-03) SANTOS, Márcia Cristina; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; FENZL, Norbert; MERLIN, Lise Vieira da Costa Tupiassu; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra
The present study identified the existing socio-environmental conflicts and the main problems of environmental management in Vila de Camará, in the Marine Ext activist Reserve (RESEX) “Mestre Lucindo”. In this perspective, the relevance of this work consists of analyzing a community within a recently established Amazon Conservation Unit (UC) situation, which shares a great natural resources wealth. Considering that RESEX is in the management initial stages, the reflection on the existence of such conflicts and the measures taken by the managing body, in the figure of ICMBio, as well as the proposal of strategies capable of reducing such conflicts, make this study still more important. The methodological steps carried out were: bibliographic / documentary review and field visits. The main socioenvironmental conflicts verified at the site were: extremely conflicting land distribution; environmental degradation at Lembe Beach and overfishing. When focusing on Lembe Beach, two conflicts stand out: the irregular construction of tents (bars and restaurants) and the disposal of their waste directly in the sea / mangrove.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos socioambientais na gestão de Unidades de Conservação: o caso da Reserva Biológica do Lago Piratuba/AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08) BRITO, Daguinete Maria Chaves; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; BARP, Wilson José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6546508090587542
Social conflicts are present in all relations of mankind, and it incited from the modern and contemporary society. Among the social conflicts, those involving the use of nature are the most worrisome, especially because of the shortage that natural resources are currently subjected. The environment is part of diffuse interests, the individuals that the environment would be preserved, however, there are few who embrace these goals as dominant in their socioeconomic activities. This behavior increases the pressures on environmental resources, including the legally protected areas. The environmental conflicts related to the management of these areas are present at all stages of their institution, and occur from the conceptions of the major theoretical and philosophical currents that support the preservation and conservation of nature. In Brazil it is common to establish protected areas to resolve the tensions between natural resource exploitation and sustainability of ecosystems. However, what happens in general is the escalation of conflicts in areas constituted. Amapá stands on the national scene as one of the states which have a high degree of preservation and a significant percentage of protected areas. But the conflict between managers and users of these areas are constant and intense in many cases, causing degradation of natural resources of these spaces. The orthodox alternative to solve the conflict do not appear effective and it is necessary to adopt measures such as negotiations to alleviate or resolve the tensions related to the sustainability of environmental resources. To support the negotiation literature provides methodologies, techniques and tools that facilitate the process of negotiation and decision making to solve the conflicts present in these areas. The use of techniques and tools, although more laborious and requires a long time becomes more effective. For when the actors participate actively in the negotiations and find solutions, commitment and accountability become part of the process management unit, and this performance depend not only the sustainability of natural resources, but stay in your own area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos socioambientais, capital e dendeicultura: as estratégias das empresas de dendê e suas contradições na Amazônia paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-01) SANTOS, Amanda Rayana da Silva; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; FARIAS, André Luís Assunção de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5310171409459863
The Amazon region over the years, has gone through several transformations in its political structures, social and economic characteristics that are expressed so provocative and confrontational. The expansion of dendeicultura in the Amazon region of Pará, exemplifies this type of relationship conflict and asymmetric powers, caused by the disparity of interests among social actors. The research aims to analyze the role of the main companies producing palm oil about the environmental conflicts in the region of northeastern Pará. In this way, it was necessary to present the environmental conflict initiated due to the high concentration of palm and finally, build an analysis of the positioning of the main social actors involved, as well as their respective foreign powers, emphasizing the ventures of palm oil. In order to meet the aims of the research, we opted for the use of the approach of the political economy of the Environment, with the use of the macro-analysis. We used a set of research tools as documentary analysis with official information and application of non-structured interview with family farmers and their representatives (unions) to identify the issues that fomentava the socioenvironmental conflict in the municipalities and the technicians and leaders of three major oil palm companies which operate in northeastern Pará, to know the actions that the enhanced use to resolve these conflicts. Issues were identified as the process of formalizing the work, monitoring of child labor, provision of accounts, absence of technical assistance, failure in the delivery of the fertilizer, transportation at the point of collection, payment of the bunch of fresh fruit, use of pesticides and invasion of Earth, which relate to the conflict. The social actors involved are the oil palm companies, financing bank and family farmer, maintaining respect of asymmetry of power. Thus, this study showed that the companies of palm oil, owner of high economic power and symbolic, assumes the role of dominating the conflict. On the other hand, in spite of this, the oil palm companies seek strategies to mediate in the conflict, moved by economic interests and/or manifestation of family farmers. In this sense, the apparent environmental conflict carries great importance in changes in the way businesses manage the environmental conflict.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Deslocamento compulsório de agricultores familiares por empresas mineradoras: o caso do Projeto Onça Puma no Município de Ourilândia do Norte- Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-28) GUEDES, Lucilei Martins; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531
This study aims to analyze the environmental conflict between farmers and mining companies in the municipality of North Ourilândia Southeast of Pará. The conflict was triggered from the application of part of the area desafetação Settlement Project Campos Altos , for the purpose of installing a unit of extraction and processing of nickel laterite. The Canadian company Canico / Ounce Puma filed three applications for the INCRA desafetação an area of nearly 15.000 ha, impacting directly or indirectly more than 500 families. The central concern of the study was the analysis of conflict and negotiation process that was established between the mining company and the farmers resulting from requests for settlers desafetação. The methodology used was based on a qualitative approach using techniques such as literature search, analysis, documentation, semi-structured interviews with social actors involved and participating in meetings. The notions of environmental conflict were used for the analyzes of the central object of study. The study showed that the level of organization of families settled, with the support of civil society organizations, influenced the outcome of negotiations. Despite the progress achieved in the negotiation process, the achievement of agreements between mining company and settled families, depends on a constant mobilization of families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A justiça ambiental e os grandes empreendimentos do setor elétrico na Amazônia paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-18) BITTENCOURT, Márcio Teixeira; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
This research presents a critical and contemporary analysis of environmental justice and the large enterprises in the electricity sector of the Amazon-Pará. It discusses the environmental fair and unfair regarding the disproportionate imposition of environmental hazards in the context of local developments in opposition to the unequal distribution of access to essential energy and telecommunications services and to the justice itself. It contemplates the environmental, social and ethical of sustainability and local development and the right to ethical, balanced use of natural resources in opposition to social and environmental impacts supported by the judiciary system on the quantitative and qualitative increase in processes demand with direct and indirect relationships with the enterprise. Starting from an analysis of the Brazilian Electric Sector in national dimension contemplating the Brazilian territory, then a state approach related to the Pará Amazon, to deepen in the region of Northern Amazon (Calha Norte), with case studies of two large projects in the Brazilian Electricity Sector namely: Hydroelectric of Santo Antonio do Jari and Linhão Tucuruí-Macapá-Manaus, installed in the municipality of Almeirim – Pará. To this end, it was performed quantitative and qualitative surveys of lawsuits related mainly to the violation of human rights in under the Pará State Court in counties that are running large enterprises. In summary, the study aims to examine whether there is a direct relationship between the installation of the projects and the impacts on adjudication. It was also analyzed to what extent the impact on adjudication because of the electricity sector projects installation can be considered social and environmental impact, while a social variable assessment of environmental equity. It is proposed measures to overcome the environmental unfair and therefore perform the Environmental Justice. Among them: Consider the quantitative and qualitative increase in processes in municipalities where the enterprises as social and environmental impact are installed, including them as indicators of the Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Impact Report; To establish that the undertakings of the electricity sector include access to local communities regarding the immediate access to essential public energy services; And in the case of transmission lines where there is sharing with the transmission of optical fiber cables, it should contemplate local communities with access to basic telecommunications services.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Subsídios à gestão da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure-Marajó-Pará: uma análise dos problemas e conflitos socioambientais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-16) OLIVEIRA, Angela Maria Santos; MENEZES, Maria de Nazaré Angelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2943083062747137
This work treats about an analysis of the socio-environment problems and conflicts in Extractive Reserve Marinha of Soure – PA. It was realized the socioeconomic profile of handiwork fishermen, which sample is composed of 116 families in the Caju-Una, Céu, Pesqueiro, Barra Velha and Araruna communities, all these located in the RESEX of Soure-PA. It was raised the socio-environment problems of Caju-Una/RESEX/Soure Community from the DRP instrument. The results of search demonstrated that the traditional knowledge about the management of fishing resources contributes to the preservation of the area. The fishermen are characterized by young, elderly and women that complement their incomes related to confection of handicrafts, of bio-jewelry, bolsa- família, civic building and agriculture. The environment problems identified are related to default of sanitary disposition, accumulation of garbage and presence of animals inside of the Caju-Una Community. It was verified still the delicacies in the commercialization of the production, although there is the advantage of the rural funding/credit to these communities. There should be a direction of public policies to preparation of a management plan and bearing the capacity of new enterprises related in products of the local biodiversity, how alternative of source of income, aggregation of value to products of the forest.