Navegando por Assunto "Conhecimento tradicional associado"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A etnoictiologia de pescadores xikrin da terra indígena Trincheira Bacajá - Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Jaime Ribeiro; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
This thesis was developed in five villages of the indigenous community Xikrin-Mebêngôkre, which inhabit the Indigenous Land Trincheira Bacajá - ILTB, Pará, Brazil. The overall objective was to analyze by ethnoictiology, the various ecological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of fishermen, aiming to understand the basic interactions that this community has with fish stocks and other elements of the ecosystems in ILTB. With the proper permits, the research was conducted between the months of April 2011 to April 2013, in seven trips to five villages, totaling 153 days. The information was obtained through ethnoictiological and ethnoecological approaches and employing a set of methods related to participatory research. The study included 103 Indians aged 15-84 years and residents of villages: Mrotidjãm; Bakajá; Pytakô; Pat-Kro and Pykayakà. According to the knowledge of Xikrin, the aquatic resources perceived by them in the ngo (water) field and used most often are made up of toe (fish) and they allowed to generate an ethnotaxonomical list consisting of 144 fish species that were grouped into four categories (consumption, commercial, bait and handicrafts) according to the diversity of use in ILTB, with 135 species declared for consumption (94% of total); it is noteworthy that there is overlap among species usages, ie, some fish have multiple functions and are used in different ways, however, the primary function is the protein source, ensuring family livelihood. According to the seasonality, this diversity of fish occurred in at least 26 preferred microhabitats. The waki (screen) mode was used in all seasonal periods and opportunely was built in ILTB an ethnoecological seasonal calendar, which were summarized the close connections of the biotic and abiotic components existing in the region. In these ethnoictiological records of species of cultural importance Xikrin represent the first steps towards understanding the process of use of fish and it is considered that the continuity of this knowledge, sayings and doings Xikrin, acquired over many years and passed by mebengêt (old) are indispensable to the daily life of the entire population speaker and reader of language Mebêngôkre, not only for survival and empowerment of the communities, but also for the intrinsic value of belonging and being Xikrin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As inconvencionalidades do marco legal da biodiversidade frente ao instituto da consulta prévia, livre e informada: um processo de colonialismo biocultural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-28) MIRANDA, João Paulo Rocha de; MOREIRA, Eliane Cristina Pinto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7471628624621314
This thesis deals with the incompatibilities of Law No. 13.123/15 with human rights treaties, in the juridical-political context of access to genetic heritage and traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity, called biocultural colonialism. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to investigate the conventionality or unconventionality of the legal framework of biodiversity. That is, to analyze the compatibility or not of Law No. 13,123/15 with international jushumanist treaties, regarding the right to prior, free and informed consultation of indigenous peoples and traditional communities. For this, this thesis used the deductive and dialogic methods. Deductive, as the research started from the global context of biocultural colonialism to international norms, and from these to the internal norms and the unconventionality of the legal framework of biodiversity, Law 13,123/15. Dialogical, because the analyzes sought to take into account the social, political, economic, environmental, among others. Thus, the discussion about the unconventionality of the legal framework of biodiversity was made in an integrated way to the socioenvironmental, legal and political reality of the country and the world. In addition, a dialogue was held between different sources of international law. In view of this, it was possible to conclude that the legal framework of biodiversity is unconventional, given the various incompatibilities with human rights treaties of a supralegal or materially constitutional nature, depending on the thesis adopted. However, in any case, its unconventionality is confirmed, thus enabling diffuse control of conventionality. This would have the effect of invalidating the domestic norm, less beneficial, and incompatible with human rights treaties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres quilombolas e uso de plantas medicinais: práticas de cura em Santa Rita de Barreira/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-13) GUEDES, Ana Célia Barbosa; CORBIN, Hisakhana Pahoona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3256845970027095
This study focused on the use of medicinal plants among women of the Quilombola community of Santa Rita de Barreira, where natural resources are used to treat the collective health of their ethnic group. The community is located 12 km of PA 251, in the rural area of the municipality of São Miguel do Guamá, in the state of Pará. The research sought to understand the use and manipulation of plants for medical purposes for the treatment of collective health, for the transmission of the knowledge related to this manipulation, for the leadership, for the sociocultural, symbolic constructions and collective practices of control of the territory by the women of the community. Additionally, the strategies for the preservation of the way of life of this social group were explored. In contemporary times, these people identify themselves as Quilombo survivors and are recognized as Quilombola by the Brazilian State and by the residents of the municipality for having received, from ITERPA, the title of collective land ownership on September 22, 2002. As a methodological procedure, a bibliographical research on the subject matter was conducted. An oral history of the community was explored through semi-structured interviews conducted with some members (men and women) of the community. Given the nature of the research, photographs were also taken as a proof of evidence. Data was collected in June, July and August of 2017. Most women use herbal remedies in this community, and this practice occurs due to their cultural heritage, and also because of the lack of implementation of public health policies in the region where the research was undertaken. The knowledge related to the use of those resources has been transmitted by women across several generations. Thus, the curandeiras (healers) and benzedeiras (healers) have been, over the years, re-shaping this knowledge to address the health of this local social group. The women of this community play several roles for their subsistence and that of their families, and for the treatment of the health of the people residing in the community. In this way, they breakaway from roles recognized by Eurocentric values, thereby becoming fundamental to the well-being of their social group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Narrativas cosmológicas registradas na mata do Bacurizal no quilombo Bairro Alto, Salvaterra (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-11) LIMA, Mayara Gonçalves; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This master's research focused on analyzing the productive relations of the work with the bacuri, and the relationship between society and the nature of the Bairro Alto Quilombola Community, belonging to the city of Salvaterra, which is part of the Fluviomarinho archipelago of Marajó (PA). The island underwent various occupations over the centuries initially by the indigenous ethnic groups, and later with European colonization there was the African Diaspora, in which Africans were brought to work on cattle ranches. Marajojo quilombola communities are built on these ethnic relations in the archipelago, just as the national organization goes through the way marajoaras quilombos have adapted to the claims of laws mainly linked to the definitive titling of common land due to various conflict records. with farmer, EMBRAPA, among others. The areas are important for the economic reproduction of the quilombos, because the work with management of natural resources, in the fields, woods, rivers, seas, fields, among other ecosystems guarantee the maintenance of family units, the research focused on analyzing precisely the Working with bacuri management, the traditional knowledge used in the forests of the bacuri trees reveals the worldviews of the communities. Methodological anthropological research was based on ethnography combined with participant observation in families 'homes, interviews, foetnography, and experiences in the woods, to understand the families' routine and how they were organized to work in the bacurizais, the interviews and photos complement the collected data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quilombo de São Pedro dos Bois: memória biocultural subvertida nas logicas de ocupações recentes do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-28) DINIZ, Raimundo Erundino Santos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The thesis addresses the biocultural memory between quilombolas (descendants of escaped slaves) from São Pedro dos Bois community as an inherent process to the specific territorialities resignified in the present time through a continuous process of beliefs enrichment, knowledge and practices based on common use that sustain the quilombola selfassertion in face of power structures. This coursework investigation is concerned to analyze the intrinsic forms importance of sociocultural uses of natural resources by quilombolas for the territorial continuity based on traditional knowledge, in immemorial beliefs, festivals, backcountries, extractive activities, fisheries and hunts. The biocultural memory of São Pedro dos Bois quilombo has been dispelled with the intensification of recent occupation policies, interventions and prohibitions on the territory and adjoining quilombo communities. The recent disintegration policies of traditionally occupied lands have been encouraged in the last decades by the territorial expansion of AMCEL for eucalyptus cultivation in backcountry old areas, trails, extractive activities and quilombo hunts and in recent years with the regulations of Macapá and Santana Green Free Trade Zone and investments related to agribusiness, especially soy cultivation. Still adding up the construction of hydroelectric plants on Araguari river that connects the Matapi and Pedreira rivers important for the conservation of other streams that cross the region as the "stream of Hell" that directly serve the São Pedro dos Bois community and are part of their stories. It was also verified that the quilombo policies set out in legal regimes and institutional instruments concerning to the quilombo communities services by specific programs and mainly to the territories titrations are being overlooked in the Amapá State. The sources raised by interviews, observations and notes in the field, documentary analysis, conducting workshop for the sketch preparation and photographic records showed that in Amapá State the announced policies of “Sustainable Development” cannot do without understanding the land occupations logic traditionally busy and disregard the quilombo biocultural memory that has a lot to contribute to collective practices in social uses of common goods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A regulação do acesso aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados a recursos genéticos no Brasil: a experiência do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-26) TOLEDO, Grayton Tavares; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653
This work is based on the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which has as main objectives: the conservation of biodiversity; the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the access and utilization of genetic resources. This work deals on the implementation of the discussion of the main safeguard instruments of the rights of peoples and traditional communities, present in the CBD when it comes to arrangements for access and benefit sharing (ABS), analyzing the national regulatory frameworks – Medida Provisória (MP) 2186-16/2001 and Federal Law 13,123/2015. The author has analyzed the Federal Law 13,123/2015 as the major changes introduced and the possible need to establish additional state law and, as confirmed this need, he proposed replacing the State Law 0388/1997, of the Amapá. This analysis was based on two case studies of the State of Amapá: i) Rio Iratapuru Sustainable Development Reserve (RDSI) - first request for access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, authorized by the Managing Council of Genetic Patrimony (CGen) in Brazil, by the cosmetics company Natura, with benefit sharing, for the commercial use of resin of breu branco (Protium pallidum); and ii) Bailique Community Protocol - experience of elaboration of the Protocol by the traditional communities, supported by different institutions - coordinated by the NGO Grupo de Trabalho Amazônico (GTA). With Law 13,123/2015 regulated, it was observed that, in fact, it seems that the ABS regime process in Brazil has been simplified. This is being considered positive for the research to our genetic resources. However, it can also be used by people/unscrupulous companies that can take advantage of this not to share benefits or even practicing biopiracy. However, there are still many doubts if the new law will ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from access to genetic resources, as defined in the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol. It is also concluded that states and municipalities will need to supplement federal general law, with its own laws, in order to ensure that areas under their jurisdiction and traditional communities have their rights safeguarded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Soberania alimentar dos indígenas Ticuna na Tríplice Fronteira Amazônica (Brasil-Peru- Colômbia): uma análise sistêmica da informação geográfica e a gestão do risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) CHICA MURILLO, Andrés; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
The following paper discusses respectively the topic of food in the areas farming, hunting and fishing among the indigenous Ticuna communities of Gamboa, San Sebastián de los Lagos and Umariaçu II in the states of Peru, Colombia and Brazil. All of them located in the Amazonian Triple Frontier Area; from the analysis of the economic, socio-political, cultural and environmental scenarios in the border region that have a direct impact on the territory, it applies to identify possible scenarios of vulnerability and threats within the various aspects associated with their food sovereignty as agricultural sustainable production base in the indigenous communities. Therefore, it is important to take a perspective of risks. These risks emerged of distinct historical and territorial processes in the context of environmental diversity, and the own socio-ecosystematical factors that considerhalf of the Amazon. This are key components of the natural and man-made landscape, as well as cultural singularities. For that there are new accesses of life interpretation in nature society within the history of worldviews in relation of border contexts and its effects on food security policies of each nation-state. The interpretation of the territory through the knowledge that the communities have, together with different arts, used carrying out agricultural activities and fishing, stimulates the reading of the Ticuna customs and their traditional knowledge. Similarly, the diversity of the present cultures on the farm are also subjects to analyze. The aim was to analyze the territory and space management, the production times and cultural reproduction of complex intercultural relationships and the commercial trade. Other factors that were analyzed were how the relations with market societies, population dynamics and summarizing the dialogue between different knowledge as fundamental actors for the regions ́ social, economic, political and cultural development.