Navegando por Assunto "Desenvolvimento infantil"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 25

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Afetividade e aprendizagem escolar: reflexões acerca do processo ensino-aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) PEREIRA, Zildene Francisca
We discuss in this article, the relation between the process of teaching and learning and affection, from the Wallonian theory as our main theoretical reference. For this we aim to: discuss the importance of a! ectivity in pedagogical practice and to know the stages of development, considering the historical process in which the child belongs. Understanding the affection beyond understanding in the way to act so" and smooth enables us to expand our knowledge of this concept so widespread nowadays in teaching practices, but not always understood in its full extent. thus, study this theme is a constant challenge because several difficulties imposed in the classroom every day.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Association between family poverty and the neuropsychomotor development of children in the administrative districts of Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) COSTA, Elson Ferreira; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; SILVA, Mariane Lopes da; GUERREIRO, Talitha Buenaño França
Introduction: Childhood development represents a sequence of changes in behavior and underlying processes, inϐluenced by biological and environmental factors. Screening and monitoring of neurodevelopment show effective procedures for early identiϐication of different disorders of childhood development. Objective: To analyze the neurodevelopment, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II, of children enrolled in preschools of Administrative Districts in Belém and to map the districts and the percentage of development evaluated as normal and suspected delay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and exploratory descriptive study. A questionnaire was administered to parents to collect the personal, contextual and family data and an instrument to measure the level of family poverty. Results: Of the 319 children assessed, 77.7% showed a suspected delay in neuropsychomotor developmental and 59.2% in language. The family poverty level variable showed a statistically signiϐicant association with the overall level of development (p = .011) and of language (p = .003). Conclusion: It is hoped that this study will contribute to generate an impact in improving the ecological conditions of children and their families, reducing the risks to which they are exposed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das práticas e conhecimentos de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde sobre vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil
(2003-12) FIGUEIRAS, Amira Consuêlo de Melo; PUCCINI, Rosana Fiorini; SILVA, Edina Mariko Koga da; PEDROMÔNICO, Márcia Regina Marcondes
In the present study, the practices and knowledge of 40 physicians and 40 nurses from municipal health care units (UMS) and 40 physicians and 40 nurses from the Family Health Program (FHP) in Belém, Pará State, Brazil, all of whom working in primary health care, were evaluated in relation to child development surveillance. Measures of knowledge of child development showed an average of 63.7% correct answers for UMS physicians, 57.3% for FHP physicians, 62.1% for FHP nurses, and 54.3% for UMS nurses. Only 21.8% of mothers attending appointments mentioned that the health care professional had asked about their children s development, 27.6% of mothers reported that the health care professional had asked about or observed the child s development, and 14.4% mothers reported having received instructions on how to stimulate their children s development. According to this study, primary health care physicians and nurses in the municipality of Belém showed gaps in their knowledge of child development. Child development surveillance is not being conducted satisfactorily in primary health care in the municipality of Belém. It is thus necessary to raise the awareness of health care professionals concerning the problem and provide them with appropriate training.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do desenvolvimento de crianças em acolhimento institucional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-10) DIAS, Greicyani Brarymi; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186
This study discusses the development of children in child care institution (shelter) through the use of evaluative scales. It is noteworthy to understand the child development, with a focus on aspects related to communication, fine and gross motor skills, problem solving and personalsocial behavior. The participants of the study were six children aged in the ranges of 4, 6, 7,8 and 9 months. For this, we used data collected from the assessment of children from two different scales: Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (ASQ-3) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition. The children selected for the study were also observed through a Systematic Observation Guide, previously inspired structured into three scales of development for children aged 1 to 12 months. Data relating to the history of all the children involved in the study were also considered and obtained through informal reports of staff of the host institution and through documents (records) along the way. The evaluation showed that five of the six children assessed by the ASQ-3, their results were ratified by the Bayley II scale and of these, four are at risk for development and would require further evaluation, particularly in the areas of motor coordination and resolution of broad problem. The results of this study and contribute to understanding the development of children in these institutions, mainly in order to prevent damage from the lack of early attention, demonstrate further that the educators present at these sites may be able to predict changes in course of development of the children under their responsibility. Finally, it is proposed that future studies can recognize the importance of educators in this process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e intervenção de bebês em instituição de acolhimento infantil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-18) LOPES, Andreza Mourão; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186
This study addresses the assessment and intervention with infants in a child care institution in the city of Bethlehem Pa, through the application of Scale Development Child Behavior - EDCC and a program of activities prepared by the researcher for the early stimulation / essential motor skills, cognitive, and affective language. Data relating to the history of all the children involved in the study were also considered and obtained through informal reports of staff of the host institution and through documents (records) along the way. The study included four babies aged six to eleven months, who had no neurological dysfunction and the increased length of stay in the institution. The methodological approach was qualitative, with characteristic descriptive and interventional research. The evaluation with the use of CBDS in the pre-intervention showed that all babies survey participants had to score "4" for the rating "good" range, and initially had difficulties in performing behaviors that involve language and interaction social. At reassessment, most babies participants kept score "4" with only one progressing to "5" (excellent), as had significant improvement in behaviors that required interaction with another person. Just as through stimulation program, children have evolved in the acquisition of motor skills and social-emotional. The babies began to demonstrate behaviors such as eye contact, smiles, face recognition of adult vocalizations, among others. This showed that the host environment can be a protective factor for children who find themselves in vulnerable situations. Finally, it is proposed that future studies can recognize the importance of assessing child development in institutional contexts and proposals of stimulation that can be incorporated into the daily lives of these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Concepções de desenvolvimento e práticas de cuidado à criança em ambiente de abrigo na perspectiva do Nicho Desenvolvimental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-28) CORRÊA, Laiane da Silva; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
Psychology has engaged in researches with target in institutional care. This interest makes growing in the scientific field necessity of studies to take care about collective environments whereas Developmental of Niche, where the social and physical environment, care practices that are often used in daily routines, besides who use psychology for taking care should be understood from integrated and close way. This study has for the purpose of investigating social and physical environment aspects, knowledge and concepts about infant development, routines and care practices present among educators in institution for children. This study is compound for 100 educators (95% of the population) who are responsible for children daily care of the children referred to a child care space.The educators answered through an individual interview based and structured in Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI), instrument consists of 75 questions, divided into four categories: care practices, health and safety, rules and acquisitions, and principles of development. In this sample, 10 educators were selected and they compound the observation sessions, having importance for care routines at institution, and main criterion about this choice was a selection based in the performance obtained by KIDI. Of all observational sessions were selected moments that each educator got involved in situations like baths, food, sleep and plays. Those situations were extracted episodes that show care practices and routine activities. The results showed the most of professionals are women (99%), more than 35 years old, and they have kids and high school finished, and also more than 24 months of experience like educator. The results of instrument application showed 66% of educators got about 66 questions right. Thus, outperformed the 50% of performance at all categories analyzed by instrument, however the best results were extracted in statements related to care practices (80%) and principles of development (68%). The scholar level has not showed like an important variable. In institutional routine was checked the institucional care counts on rules collection that are followed by educators and children, with schedules and determinate places. It was noticed that knowledge about infant development is a relevant variable for quality of interactions and cares offered to child. Could be identified educators change routine, change the social and physical environment and adapt their practices following the demand and structure of situation, looking for to promote their well-being, and especially children well-being, give them possibilities to chance their environment and make individual choices in agreement with their own necessities. Besides is offered to institucional care children many experiences can rescue children to their cultural community, especially in situations of play and sleep. The results found in this study show how are important knowing about institucional care like spaces as a Development of Niche. It keeps a mutual relation with environment, practices and psychology of educators. This way it can be put in debate the importance to understand about institutional care in many points of view, and therefore must be understood in its various dimensions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecimento sobre desenvolvimento infantil em mães primíparas de diferentes centros urbanos do Brasil
(2004-12) MOURA, Maria Lucia Seidl de; RIBAS JÚNIOR, Rodolfo de Castro; PICCININI, César Augusto; BASTOS, Ana Cecília de Sousa Bittencourt; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; VIEIRA, Mauro Luís; SALOMÃO, Nádia Maria Ribeiro; SILVA, Algeless Milka Pereira Meireles da; PFITZER, Anna Karina da Silva
Parental cognitions are important components of the sociocultural context of child development. The Brazilian literature regarding this subject is still scarce. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between knowledge of infant development and different variables concerning the mother and the infant. Four hundred and five primiparous mothers with their children less than 1 year old, in six cities of different regions of Brazil, took part in the study. The Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI) was used. Mothers' educational level and urban center where they lived showed significant effects. This result was found for groups of all urban centers studied, with the exception of Porto Alegre. This result may reflect the different public policies concerning child and maternal care in that city. These findings contribute towards understanding important aspects of the developmental context of Brazilian children. They have implications for planning health promotion intervention programs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecimento sobre desenvolvimento infantil: um estudo com mães em contexto de cárcere
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-06) OLIVEIRA, Marília Zara Gentil de; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The concept of Development Niche consists of three subsystems: the physical and social environment, the psychology of caregivers and care practices. The present study aimed to analyze the prison context in light of the theoretical model of the developmental niche. The sample was 16 mothers guarded at the SUSIPE´s Maternal and Child Unit located in Ananindeua, in the metropolitan region of Belém. An interview script was used to collect the data in order to obtain information on the profile of mothers and their babies. Mothers responded to the KIDI, an instrument composed of 75 questions, divided into four categories: care practices, health and safety, rules and acquisitions and principles of development. The results indicated that the majority of the mothers were over 25 years of age, multiparous and of low schooling. Regarding the results of the application of the KIDI instrument, it was observed that the mothers answered 62% of the inventory questions and presented a performance of more than 50% of correctness in all the categories evaluated by the instrument, however the best results were obtained in The Health and Safety category (71.87%) and development principles (64.34%). Multiparity and the physical and social environment presented themselves as significant variables at the level of knowledge. From the results found, it is verified how important it is to know this context as a Development Niche that has a mutual relationship between environment, practices and the psychology of caregivers, and therefore, must be understood in its various dimensions. The study in prison context was satisfactory in that it provided important data for the reflection of public policies in the prison environment, possible orientations for mothers about child development and contributions for the improvement of the professionals' performance in the unit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Continuing education on child development for primary healthcare professionals: a prospective before-and-after study
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05) FIGUEIRAS, Amira Consuêlo de Melo; PUCCINI, Rosana Fiorini; SILVA, Edina Mariko Koga da
Children's developmental disorders are often identified late by healthcare professionals working in primary care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a continuing education program on child development, on the knowledge and practices of these professionals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective single-cohort study (before-and-after study), conducted in the city of Belém, Pará , Brazil. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-one professionals working in primary healthcare (82.2%) participated in a continuing education program on child development and were assessed before and after implementation of the program through tests on their knowledge of child development, consisting of 19 questions for physicians and 14 for nurses, and questionnaires on their professional practices. RESULTS: One to three years after the program, the mean number of correct answers in the tests had increased from 11.5 to 14.3 among physicians in the Healthy Family Program (Programa Família Saudável, PFS); 13.0 to 14.3 among physicians in Municipal Health Units (Unidades Municipais de Saúde, UMS); 8.3 to 10.0 among PFS nurses; and 7.8 to 9.4 among UMS nurses. In interviews with mothers attended by these professionals before the program, only 21.7% reported that they were asked about their children's development, 24.7% reported that the professional asked about or observed their children's development and 11.1% received advice on how to stimulate them. After the program, these percentages increased to 34.5%, 54.2% and 30.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals who participated in the program showed improved performance regarding child development knowledge and practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Convergências e/ou divergências no sistema de crenças e práticas parentais: comparação entre duas amostras amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-11) BELTRÃO, Manuela Cavaleiro de Macêdo; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
The purpose of this research was to identify convergecies and divergencies in ethnotheories, socialization goals and parenting practices in two Amazonian ecological contexts, trying to analyze the relationship between biological and ecoculturals factors. Ninety nine mothers participated of the research: Fifty from Belém ( CEU – Urban context) and forty nine from Santa Barbara ( CENU – non urban context) . The mothers aged over 18 years with at least one child aged between 0 and 6 years. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires were applied for the data analysis were applied statistical criteria and theoretical support of Evolutionary Psychology. The data indicated that the communities studied in relation to sociodemographic data differ systematically from one another, depending on the levels of technological development and organizations of social context. The social world of children from CEU and CENU represent developmental contexts that offer different opportunities. The literature indicates that the established social exchanges between children and caregivers can reflect on the child's development in relation to the cognitive, emotional and social. The results indicate that mothers of CEU despite being more autonomous than those of CENU were relational too, showing that perhaps the changes that affect the context, occurring faster in urbanized environments. Moreover, the data seem to indicate that the contexts are transition from the interdependent model to an autonomousrelational model. However, it is noted that the ideas that mothers have about the importance of certain actions do not always reflect their practices. In relation to primary care mothers seem to appreciate and perform equally. Mothers of CENU value more than mothers of CEU the body contact. The results directed to body stimulation were very interesting, because the items that were more important and charged by CEU mothers were the same that were less important and charged by CENU mothers. With respect to object stimulation CEU mothers give more importance to the practices than carrying out the practices and vice versa happens in CENU. The mothers of CEU attributed greater importance to face face system. Our data suggest that mothers of both contexts are using distal and proximal parenting strategies at the same time, or want their children to become self-sufficient, but also want them to be respectful and obedient. Moreover, our findings confirm that four systems describe the interactional experiences of children and express the cultural emphasis of particular styles and combinations. There were no significant differences in beliefs and practices between CEU and CENU mothers, which led us to consider that parental beliefs, therefore adapt to context, varied less conspicuously in the selected cities than in other cities examined in other studies. Another issue found that was very interesting was about the CEU mothers’ educational level and the valorization of relational goals, because according literature, the educational level of mothers becomes an important variable in relation to socialization goals. CENU has shown a tendency to relational practices and relational goals. This context provides a way of life closer to the interdependence model, in which mothers tend to value the norms and rules determined by the family or group to which they belong. The hypothesis that practices and goals of CEU would be more independent could not be confirmed, so we realized that this context features both independent and interdependent models. It was assumed that CENU and CEU contexts are undergoing changes, since mothers may believe one thing and actually doing otherwise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crenças de mães e professoras sobre o desenvolvimento da criança
(2011-04) BAHIA, Celi da Costa Silva; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos
Studies have shown a link between the way the adults think and the forms they become related with the children. This study had as objective to know the mothers and teachers' beliefs about the development of the child who frequents the day-care center to identify if the beliefs had characteristics of abilities or dysfunctions. Twenty-eight adults had participated in this study (16 mothers and 12 teachers). To collect the data it was utilized the focal group and to interpret them, the analysis of the content. The results had pointed that the participants have the same belief (environmentalist) about the development, but have different conceptions about the direction where the familiar context and/or of the day-care center influences in the development. The analysis indicates that the initial and continued formation of the professionals needs to contemplate specific aspects of the children development so the more adjusted beliefs can be constructed and shared with the families of children who frequent collective environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A criança e o adolescente com problemas do desenvolvimento no ambulatório de pediatria
(2003-06) MIRANDA, Luci Pfeiffer; RESEGUE, Rosa Miranda; FIGUEIRAS, Amira Consuêlo de Melo
OBJECTIVE: to review the literature on outpatient care of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities, focusing on prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and rehabilitation. SOURCES OF DATA: search of Medline and Lilacs databases; publications of scientific committees of institutions for children with special needs; and outpatient care reports of reference centers for the treatment of children and adolescents with mental and developmental disabilities. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: this population presents health problems associated with the basic pathology and its consequences in addition to the usual problems of the specific age group. The etiology of developmental disorders and the main characteristics of each type of disability are discussed. Special attention is given to outpatient pediatric care. CONCLUSIONS: the most recent study of the Brazilian population, performed in 2000, showed that 14.5% of this population presented some type of developmental deficiency. Therefore, developmental problems are one of the most prevalent health problems among children and adolescents. Consequently, pediatricians need to be prepared to evaluate and identify factors that may influence normal children development. Pediatricians are responsible for prevention, early diagnosis and coordination of the multidisciplinary treatment of these patients in addition to basic medical assistance, which is essential to guarantee the patients' good quality of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e avaliação das brinquedotecas hospitalares em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-18) LIMA, Mayara Barbosa Sindeaux; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The toy library is a legal right guaranteed to children through Law 11.104/05, though not yet fully implemented in the country. This study aimed to describe and analyze the conditions of services and facilities made available by toy library in Belém, Pará. Four hospitals with this service participated in the research. The research involved 10 technicians and 39 children and their caretakers. For the technicians, an interview script was used – the Escala Autoavaliativa de Índices de Qualidade (EAIQ), of the Likert type, composed of 27 closed items and three open ones. For the children and their caretakers, interview scripts were used. Observations were carried out and a photographical record was made. Data collection was initiated after signing the Term of Consent – the interviews and EAIQ were done individually. The data from the interviews were grouped into categories from the topics in the scripts and the topics in the scale according to the literature, both qualitatively analyzed. Among the main results are: a- All hospitals in the study were public ones; b- Regarding the conceptualization of the space, the response from technicians and caretakers was in accordance with the literature and law; c- There are few records regarding the deployment and operation of the spaces; d- The teams differed in terms of both number of members and qualification, and in half of them there is a lack of a systematic routine of meetings, yet they were positively evaluated by clients, e- It was found that three of them operated at least five days a week and that all of them offer free, targeted activities, f- In relation to the collection of toys, it differed in quantity, but the institutions had make-believe toys, building blocks and board games; g- It was found that the children showed little restriction to the games they would like to play in the hospital and they reported that the preferred place within this context is the one in which they can play. The study allowed us to sketch a profile of these toy libraries, verify aspects that favor the aims of these spaces and reflect on possible improvements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças das unidades de educação infantil do município de Belém: características pessoais e fatores ambientais associados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-08) GUERREIRO, Talitha Buenaño França; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
Child development is considered a sequence of changes in behavior and underlying processes, being influenced by biological and environmental factors. Screening and monitoring the neurodevelopment (DNPM) have been shown to be effective procedures for early identification of different disorders of childhood development. This study was focused on children aged 36-48 months attending Early Childhood Education Units (SIU), distributed in the Administrative Districts of the city of Belém. It aimed to relate their state of the neurodevelopment to personal characteristics and variables from the ecological environment. The study is cross-sectional, descriptive exploratory. For the development assessment, it was used the Developmental Screening Test II Denver. For the characterization of families, it was used a questionnaire oriented to the biopsychosocial characteristics of the child, and an instrument for measuring the poverty level of their families. The study revealed that of the 319 children evaluated, 77.74% had probable delays in development. The variables that were statistically significant were paternal education (0.000 **), the child's primary caregiver (0.039 *), and pregnancy planning (0.007 *). Regarding the instrument measuring the level of urban poverty, the scores ranged from 28 to 52 points, and showed a statistically significant relation with the outcome (0.003). The high prevalence of probable developmental delays seen in children of the city’s UEI showed the need to introduce early stimulation programs, encouraging the monitoring of child development through screening, in addition to alert for the issue of negative interference of socioeconomic and cultural factors in child growth and development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de uma história de variação comportamental sobre a sensibilidade do comportamento de crianças a mudanças nas contingências
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-04-03) SANTOS, José Guilherme Wady; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
Considering some controversies about the role of behavioral variation on the sensibilility of rule-following to programmed contingencies of reinforcement, the present study investigated whether a history of behavioral variation generated by different instructions would produce performances that are sensitive to signaled changes in environmental contingencies. Fourteen children, between ages of eight and nine years old were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. During each trial, a sample stimulus and two comparison stimuli were presented and then a light was switched on. In the presence of those stimuli, the participant was required to touch one of the comparison stimuli. Correct and incorrect responses were differencial consequences. The experiment consisted of two conditions: Condition 1: Only One instruction and Condition 2, Multiple Instructions. Both conditions consisted of three phases each. Phase 1 of the Condition with Only One Instruction (UI) was initiated by the presentation of instructions that corresponded to the contingencies. In this phase, selecting the comparison stimulus that was the same as the sample, was reinforced in the presence of a green light. Also, selecting the comparison stimulus that was different from the sample was reinforced in the presence of a red light. The contingencies in Phase 1 were reversed in Phase 2 and reestablished in Phase 3. Phase 1 of the Multiple Instructions Condition (MI) had three steps. Each step was initiated with a corresponding instruction. During Step 1, selecting the same stimulus was reinforced in the presence of a green light and selecting the different one was reinforced in the presence of a yellow light. During Step 2, selecting the same stimulus was reinforced in the presence of a yellow light and selecting the different one was reinforced in the presence of a red light. During Phase 3, selecting the same stimulus was reinforced only in the presence of a green light and selecting the different comparison was only reinforced in the presence of a red light. The contingencies in Step 3 were reversed in Phase 2 and reestablished in Phase 3. In both conditions, the transitions from one phase to another were signalized by the presentation of an instruction specifying that the participant should discover the best way to gain tokens. In each phase the participants were asked what they should do to gain tokens. Verbal responses were never reinforced. The results showed that the six participants of the IU Condition followed the instruction in Phase 1. In Phases 2 and 3, five participants continued following instructions, regardless of the changes in the contingencies. The eight participants of the MI Condition followed instructions in Steps 1, 2 and 3 in Phase 1. During Phases 2 and 3, four participants continued following instructions and four changed their performances in accordance with the reinforcement contingencies. The verbal behavior of all participants corresponded to the nonverbal during all phases and conditions of the experiment. Results suggest that the variability in the instructions as well as in the contingencies, before modifications in contingencies, together with the signalization of this alteration, may contribute to make the instructed behavior more sensitive to changes in contingencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O espaço para crianças produzido pelo Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida: estudo de caso na região metropolitana de Belém, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) MÜLLER, Shirley Coelho; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira
The current social housing policy in Brazil determines that children's recreation needs are met through the provision of spaces built specifically for that purpose. This paper presents the results of an assessment of children's recreation areas in two social housing projects produced by the My House, My Life Program (Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida-PMCMV), Jardim Campo Grande and Jardim dos Pardais, both in the metropolitan area of Belém, Pará. The study questions what kinds of spaces are actually being produced, based on the assumption that physical activity and the social interaction made possible through recreation areas are fundamental to ensure a satisfactory development of children's social-cognitive and psychomotor skills. This study also looks into the actual use of these spaces by children. The case study method combines architectural design and physical space analysis techniques with the behavioural observation of children in leisure activities. The study observed that, in the social housing projects analysed, the children's recreation spaces lack elements that adequately address the children's recreation needs, that their use does not depend on the amount of area destined for this purpose, and that factors such as a sense of security or insecurity and housing typology can limit or encourage the use of these spaces and the appropriation of public spaces.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do "Ages and Stages Questionnaires" com cuidadores de crianças institucionalizadas
(2014-12) CRUZ, Edson Júnior Silva da; DIAS, Greicyani Brarymi; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva
This study discussed the knowledge caretakers have on the development of children who live in institutional shelter, using a triage instrument. Took part of this study four five-year old children and the caretakers. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires were used, they are composed by 21 questionnaires which comprise six areas of development. The results demonstrated that communication was an area poorly scored by the children, their main difficulties are in verbalizing and focusing on the proposed task. The gross motor coordination field which gathers among other things jumping and running, all motivated by the environment of the institution, fit the expectations, hence received the maximum score according to ASQ-3. The caretakers, considered key people for the children, were essential for the application of ASQ-3, which had a major role in identifying developmental problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influências ambientais na saúde mental da criança
(2004-04) HALPERN, Ricardo; FIGUEIRAS, Amira Consuêlo de Melo
Objective: To present an up-to-date review about environmental influences on child mental health, describing major risk factors and discussing recommendations for intervention by pediatricians. Sources of data: MEDLINE, PsycLIT and Lilacs, technical books and publications about child development and child and adolescent mental health problems and health promotion. Summary of the findings: Children are exposed to multiple risk factors, among them high prevalence of disease, premature birth, being born from a problematic pregnancy, and living in poverty. This negative chain of events increases the risk for emotional problems. The negative effects on development and behavior result from the complex interaction between genetic, biological, psychological and environmental risk factors. The main factors influencing the mental health of children are the social and psychological environment. The cumulative risk effect is more important in determining emotional problems in children than the presence of one single stressor, regardless of its magnitude. Conclusion: Environmental factors play an important role in the etiology of emotional problems in childhood. An adequate clinical investigation allows pediatricians to identify risk factors for the development of mental health problems and to ensure early intervention for children at risk.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“João e Maria”: uma observação psicanalítica sobre a experiência de crianças em situação de abrigamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-28) BARROS, Ana Cláudia Borba Gonçalves; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186
This research aims at comprehending children behaviour living in shelter, taking into account the importance of the environment/place, the affective relations and the negative effects of maternal deprivation in the first years for the child development. In order to develop the study, two children were observed (23 and 31 months old), receiving the fictional names João and Maria, once their history of life has allowed a comparison to the “Hansel and Gretel” tale (“João and Maria” in Portuguese), by the Grimm Brothers. Observations were conducted in a shelter owned by the State of Pará, which receives children from zero to six years old, in the city of Belém. They were performed twice a week, lasting one hour each, during 5 months. It was considered the Bick Method for Observing Babies, based on three distinct moments: observation, annotation and group supervision. Results were organised in three categories: 1) the care environment for João and Maria, 2) João and Maria revealed by their ludic plays and games, and 3) meetings with the observer-narrator, whose actions were based in the perspective of the Winnicottian concept. In the first category, fragments of the history of life from João and Maria were presented, as well as aspects referred to the cares they have received in this context, which were permeated by the lack of affection and absence in the prioritisation of real demands according to the time and rhythm of the children, related mainly to the institutional dynamic. In the second category, children plays were investigated in association with body contact, involvement with other children and the observer – in the last case, interaction was more often during the meals. In the third and last category, feelings, difficulties and learning from the observer were discussed, as well as the narrator particular relation to the history of life of the two children and the particularities of the place. Therefore, it was realised that João and Maria were looking for a care relation based on body and affection contact; they have showed themselves as available in the contact one with the other, allowing the creation of affective links, which are positive and healthy aspects for children development. Finally, there is no doubt that applying the Winnicottian concept and the use of the Bick Method have contributed for a better understanding of the João and Maria experience, collaborating significantly for the apprehension of the reality of such children and their context of development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A objetivação da saúde da criança pelo UNICEF: problematizando tecnologias de biopoder na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MEDEIROS, Larissa Gonçalves; LEMOS, Flávia Cristina Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8132595498104759
This study intends to problematize the conception of child health propagated by UNICEF, specifically analyzing the regimes of truth and practices of power, which are operated by this agency on the health conditions of the children that lives in the Amazon. Therefore it’s made a documentary research that has its source analysis the report "Being a Child in Amazonia: an analysis of the conditions for child development in the northern region of Brazil”, published by UNICEF in 2004. As analysis tools, are used Michel Foucault's genealogical history, and his analytics of power, especially in relation to biopower. In the context of United Nations policy, the UNICEF's performance in the care of children is understood as part of a liberal governmentality that acts in promoting social progress and economic development of countries, for safety's sake. In this sense, this research try to give visibility to how the practices of UNICEF, articulated with surrounding practices, engender a device of government that operates through disciplinary and biopolitical strategies to control the population of the Amazon as function of risk management. According to the UNICEF analysis, the child health is understood as an effect of certain social and economic conditions considered essential for their survival and well-being. The lack of social infrastructure and the precarious conditions of existence are pointed as factors that may cause illness and damage to children's development. In addition the report emphasizes the role of woman as mother, placing her as the main responsible for the survival an education of children, and the importance of family performance in guarantee a complete child development. Notions of health and childhooh, respectively, as a multidimensional field, and a life stage that needs to be protected and controlled, from this point of view, are used by UNICEF in the government of the poor population of the region, captured in hygienic speeches that disqualify families because of their survival conditions and their care practices in relation to children. These speeches sets up a demand for an endless network of protections for families that promotes health and ensure life, but imply controls that put in check their autonomy.