Navegando por Assunto "Epidemiology"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características epidemiológicas e análise temporal de sífilis congênita na região norte do Brasil de 2010 a 2019
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-29) SANTOS, Fabio Conceição dos; ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5906453187927460
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are considered a public health problem, with a direct impact on reproductive and child health, causing infertility and complications in pregnancy and childbirth, in addition to causing fetal death and health problems for children permanent. Among the STIs, syphilis is one of the most frequent, being exclusive to humans, and when vertical transmission occurs, it is called congenital syphilis. Worldwide efforts are used to eliminate Congenital Syphilis, however, its incidence is still high in several countries around the world, including Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology and temporal trend of Congenital Syphilis in the North region of Brazil from 2010 to 2019. Materials and Method: This is an epidemiologicaldescriptive, retrospective research with a quantitative approach, which analyzed the epidemiological and temporal profile of cases of Congenital Syphilis in the Northern Region of Brazil from 2010 to 2019, through data recorded in SINAN AND SINASC. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic data was carried out, followed by a temporal analysis, through the calculation of the incidence of the regression model by inflection points (Joinpoint Regression Analysis), which allows knowing the annual percentage change (APV) and that of the entire period, called average annual percentage change (VPAM). For each trend detected, the 95% confidence interval was considered. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: 14,434 cases of congenital syphilis were registered in the North Region, with the state of Pará being the most notified, followed by Amazonas and Tocantins. The data signaled the maternal characteristics, showing that most were of reproductive age, followed by those with a migratory period to adulthood. Most did not complete elementary and high school, with a phenotypic predominance of brown, followed by white. Still, most of the diagnosis of gestational syphilis happened in prenatal care, with them performing followup in 79.54% of cases, and partners in treatment in only 34.68%, with recent congenital syphilis as the most diagnosed in 99, 73% from birth to incomplete 23 months. There was significance for the average annual increasing incidence rates in several states and capitals in the region. All capitals showed a yeartoyear growth trend, with fluctuating periods, as seen in the capitals Macapá and Boa Vista between 2014 and 2015. The capital Belém showed a peak incidence of congenital syphilis cases between 2015 and 2016 (highest incidence rate between years). Other capitals such as Manaus and Palmas had an explosion of cases in 2018, with 19.8 and 17.6 for every thousand live births. Conclusion: In this study there was a limitation in terms of time for an investigation with greater accuracy, which should include other epidemiological and local data, and in regions with a higher incidence of this pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out other studies on SC that work with spatial analysis in its various regions, contributing to the improvement of maternal and child health indicators in the region under study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização socioepidemiológica em comunidades quilombolas do nordeste do Pará-Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-19) RAMOS, Noêmia Maria José Maia; NASSAR, Sérgio Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3066738195459439; OLIVEIRA, Euzébio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1807260041420782; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-5902
The trajectory of the black population in the Brazilian historical context gave rise to Quilombola Communities, which consolidated themselves in spaces of resistance against slavery based on their social, economic and cultural relations. This context has generated significant consequences for blacks, such as the great socioeconomic and environmental inequalities, which contribute to the mortality process for diseases linked to the precarious living conditions to which these populations are subjected. The objective of this research was to characterize the main socio-environmental and epidemiological problems of anthropic origin existing in the quilombola communities of Taperinha and Sauá-Mirim, in the Municipality of São Domingos do Capim - PA, which contribute to the illness process. The research was carried out apart from a quantitative and descriptive study, through bibliographical surveys, field research, with the use of a questionnaire applied to the communities under study, with closed and open questions, (related to socioeconomic, epidemiological, environmental issues, etc. .) and Chek-list. After collection, the data were stored and tabulated for the elaboration of figures and graphs that served as a means of better visualization, presentation and discussion of the results. These showed that these Communities have a high poverty rate, related to socioeconomic, cultural and environmental issues, which are responsible for the conditions of social inequality. As well as for the interference in the quilombola's way of life, recurrence of infectious diseases and incidences of chronic degenerative diseases, which have shown to have important epidemiological repercussions when referring to quilombola communities. Finally, it is worth noting that these results will be made available for future academic publications, in order to serve as subsidies for new researches matched with the Study in question, as well as other focus themes referring to quilombolas, so that the results found may contribute to the development projects and greater public attention in relation to quilombola communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos óbitos maternos na região metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-07) CAMACHO, Elyade Nelly Pires Rocha; ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5906453187927460; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-4753
Data on maternal mortality, whether in developed or developing countries, are more disparate than any other indicator of public health in Brazil. During the United Nations Millennium Development Pact, eight Development Goals were adopted, among them, to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015. The aim of the study was to conduct a study on the occurrence of maternal deaths in the region Metropolitan area of Belém that were notified through the Mortality Information System (MIS) from January 2013 to December 2015, in addition to describing the main causes of maternal mortality. The study is an epidemiological, descriptive, quantitative, analytical, retrospective and documentary approach. It is performed with secondary data stored at the Maternal Mortality Committee consisting of results reported as maternal deaths. From January 2013 to December 2015, 53 deaths were reported in 2013, 45 maternal deaths in 2014 and 40 deaths in 2015. The data identified a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 160.3 deaths per 100 A thousand live births in 2013, 136.0 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2014 and 121.9 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015. We can say that the epidemiological profile is not well defined, diverging with several Literatures. The main causes of maternal mortality are in the world, in Brazil and especially in the metropolitan region I of the state of Pará, the four apocalyptic horsemen, who kill women, Hypertensive Syndrome, Hemorrhage, Sepsis and Abortion remain. That is, despite all the discussions on the subject, the RMM does not diminish over the years, reinforcing the need for improvements in the state's public health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores epidemiológicos das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde dos hospitais de Belém-Pa sob a ótica da vigilância sanitária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-03) MIRANDA, Valdirene Barroso; CAMPOS, Ana Cristina Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4058636685107892; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-6632; VIEIRA, Antonia Benedita Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0692027193243552
The term Hospital Infection (HI) has been substituted by Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) because they embrace the infections the patient can acquire in other healthcare services, besides hospitals. The HAIs show larger incidence in the Intensive Therapy Units (ITUs). The failures in the tools sterilization processes, the lack of antimicrobian patterning and the failure in the hands hygienic technics are some factors that contribute to acquire infections, resulting in the mortality increase, in the internment period increase and in the healthcare expenses elevation. Concerning to the legislation, Federal Law 9.431/1997 made obligatory for each hospital creating HAIs Control Commissions and keeping HAIs Prevention and Control Programs, as measures to prevent and control this phenomenon. It is due to Sanitary Vigilance inspecting the Hospitals’ HAIs Control Commissions, supported by sanitary inspection and documental analysis. This procedure allows picking up epidemiologic information about HAIs in each hospital, enabling the HAIs tax calibration, as well as information about microorganisms which round the hospitals the most. The objective proposed has been describing Belém’s Hospitals’ HAIs epidemiological profile through the Sanitary Vigilance’s view, in the period between 2011 and 2014. It’s about historic series ecologic study, with secondary data, collected in the Belém’s Sanitary Vigilance Department Data Base, referring to the HAIs informed by 32 hospitals, between 2011 and 2014. The study results show that 68,8% of the hospitals are particular and 31,2% are public; that 71,9% have Intensive Therapy Unit rooms, 60,87% of them in the particular net. Concerning to the HAIs Control Commissions’ behave, 56,2% of the hospitals count on active Commissions, while 43,8% don’t count on active ones. About Infection Indicators, HAIs’ tax keeps around 3,3%. The infected patients’ tax reached 2,7% in 2012. HAIs’ obits reached it’s higher increase in 2011, 14,3%. The respiratory tract infection has been the highest incidence topography, reaching the tax of 24% in 2012. Followed by the urinary tract infections (14,2% to 17,6%), blood flows infections (13,5% to 17,9%), skin (7,5% to 5,3%), intestine infections (5,7% to 6,1%), surgery site infections (0,9 to 1,0%), clean surgery infections (0,2% to 0,8%), neonatal blood infections (1,6% to 2,1%) and other topographies’ infections (3,3%). Pathogens that involved the most in infectious process were Pseudomonas aeruginosas (96%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (92%), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (80%) and Acinetobacter baumanni (72%). We conclude that a considerable number of hospitals in Belém don't monitor adequately the HAIS' occurrence, because the lack of active controls and of HAIS' Control Program implementation in a hospital can reflect unconsistent epidemiological data. Hospitals without active commissions can’t show indicators that reflect its epidemiological reality properly. So, it’s quite necessary that Sanitary Vigilance acts in a more incisive way in the hospitals, towards improving the process of controlling infections and ameliorating epidemiological indicators. This action will contribute to make sanitary department and hospitals comply their institutional missions, that are “eliminate, diminish and prevent risks and damages related to the patient’s health”.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mortalidade por câncer colorretal no Brasil e medidas inerciais baseadas em smartphones durante o teste do degrau de Chester como preditor de tempo de internação no pós-operatório de câncer abdominopélvico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-24) NASCIMENTO, Ananda Quaresma; MELO NETO, João Simão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1547661999153615; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-8532
INTRODUCTION: Cancers involving the abdominal and pelvic regions are among the main causes of mortality in Brazil, among which the colorectal type (CRC) is the third leading cause of death in the world. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social and demographic factors that predict higher mortality from colorectal cancer and worse survival rates, as well as to verify whether screening, diagnosis and treatment procedures have an impact on mortality reduction. In addition, to evaluate whether the Chester Step Test (CST), through work, estimated VO2max and analysis of movement through the gyroscope, is a predictor of postoperative hospital stay of cancer patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgeries. METHOD: Secondary and open access data from the Department of Information and Informatics of the SUS and the IBGE Automatic Recovery System were analyzed. 51 cancer patients were also evaluated in the preoperative period of abdominopelvic surgery through CST associated with a smartphone gyroscope. RESULTS: In Brazil, CRC mortality increased after 45 years of age. The highest adjusted mortality rates were found among whites and in the South of the country. A higher risk of death was observed among single, married and widowed people in the North and Northeast than those legally separated in the South. Lower survival rates were observed among brown individuals, those legally separated and residents of the North region. High mortality in the North was associated with an increase in rates of first-line chemotherapy and a decrease in second-line chemotherapy, and in the South, with second-line chemotherapy and abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. For patients in the preoperative period of abdominopelvic surgery, the length of stay 30 days after the operation was longer when those who underwent CST level 1 had less mobility and greater energy expenditure. In addition, the work rate increased with the progression of the test from level 3 onwards. High VO2max is a predictor of length of stay for those who completed levels 3 and 4 of the test. CONCLUSION: Regional differences in sociodemographic and clinical factors can serve as guidelines for adjusting public health policies. In addition, the use of the gyroscope was more accurate in detecting lower mobility and higher energy expenditure. VO2max was able to predict longer postoperative hospital stays and the work variable was less sensitive in assessing patients' physical capacity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil de lesões relacionadas à prática esportiva em atletas de voleibol sentado: revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-07) MORAES, Luana Correa Pardauil de; SILVA, Marília Passos Magno e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9123524811984821; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-6364
After Paralympic insertion, sitting volleyball experienced a solid development and greater introduction of athletes in the sport, a fact that required a greater increase in intensity and frequency in training and competitions, contributing to increase competitiveness and the occurrence of injuries. The main objective of the present study is to identify the epidemiological aspects of sports injuries in seated volleyball athletes. The systematic review followed the declaration of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) platform. The search platforms selected for the research were: PubMed, BVS, SciELO, SPORTDiscus and Medline. The research included studies that presented: data on the profile of sports injuries in seated volleyball athletes; with a sample composed of competitive athletes at least 1 year old and over 18 years old; published between 1980 and 2020; in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Two independent reviewers applied the search strategy and assessed the methodological quality according to the STROBE and STROBE-SIIS statements. Duplicate removal was performed using EndNote software. After collecting eligible studies, data were expressed in tables, charts and a map. Finally, we found in the included studies a clinical incidence of 0.57 and prevalence of 54.1% of injuries, with a predominance of injuries in the upper limbs (53.8%), specifically in the shoulder (28.9%), by overload mechanism (58%), acute (66%), at the time of training (48%), resulting in absence (52%), severe (38%) and non- recurring (57%). Given this epidemiological profile, we suggest guidelines for preventive conduct, training planning and protection of the athlete's health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental como fator de incidência das doenças tropicais negligenciadas no município de São Domingos do Capim-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-08) SILVA, Leidiane Araújo; OLIVEIRA, Euzébio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1807260041420782; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-5902
In Pará, new acute cases of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) have been increasingly reported, which is why epidemiological surveillance services are increasingly on alert. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim – Pará, with emphasis on Chagas Disease and American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis. To this end, a documentary, descriptive and exploratory study was carried out based on the collection of data on cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease between the period 2015 and 2022. The epidemiological data were obtained from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), originating from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). As for cases of Leishmaniasis, 23,763 cases of ATL were reported in the state of Pará and 2,727 cases of VL. The epidemiological profile of ATL cases was predominant in males (n= 12; 75%), aged between 35 and 49 years, who only had incomplete primary education, who declared themselves to be of mixed race and in people whose occupation was multipurpose agricultural producer, while in LV this profile was predominantly male, age group < 10 years, education level without information, mixed race and who studies as an occupation. We evidenced a higher number of CD cases in 2017, both in the state of Pará and in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim. The total number of cases referred to the Sagrada Família and Rua Marcílio Dias communities as being most responsible for CD notifications in the municipality studied. Furthermore, we observed a greater predisposition of cases in males, ages 20 to 34, mixed race and students. Regarding spatial analysis, a heterogeneous distribution is observed, with a greater concentration of cases mainly in the center-north of the municipality. Therefore, the high occurrence of neglected diseases in regions of high socio-environmental vulnerability reinforces the importance of public investments to carry out viable and effective projects that offer constant basic sanitation services, drinking water and health education for this population.