Navegando por Assunto "Etnoconhecimento"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias, etnoconhecimentro: diálogos com estudantes sujeitos da EJAI rural em Cipoal e Vila Modelo, São Francisco do Pará/Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-09) TABAYARA, Tiago José da Silva; NASCIMENTO, Eula Regina Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0460051621828656; SERUFFO, Marcos César da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794198610723464; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8106-0560
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O peixe boi da Amazônia no baixo Javari, AM - Brasil: conhecimento local, uso de habitat e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-19) PANTOJA, Tatyanna Mariucha de Araujo; KENDALLl, Sarita; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Trichechus inunguis plays an important role in food webs and dynamics of water bodies where it lives. It’s ecological importance has not stopped the species from suffering a intense process of hunting despite the legal protection since the decade of 60. The observation of the occurrence of the species in parts of the Javari and Quixito rivers, near the county of Atalaia do Norte, and the registers of hunting events in the region led this research. The research aimed to carry out a study on aspects of local knowledge, habitat use and conservation of T. inunguis in order to support the definition of strategies for their conservation in the lower Javari region, Amazonas, Brazil. The first chapter aimed to compare local knowledge and documented scientific knowledge of the Amazon Manatee. In order to achieve this, interviews were conducted with riverine residents of Atalaia do Norte municipality, or communities or isolated houses along stretches of the Javari river, Itacoaí and Quixito. 50 interviews were conducted covering topics as morphology, metabolism and age, breathing, feeding and migration, breeding and intraspecific interactions. The content of the Compared Cognition Tables (CCT) resulted in an average adhesion value of 0.6. This result demonstrates that it is possible to recognize in reports and utterances of the study population, the existence of cognitive codes perfectly capable of dialoguing with scientific knowledge, indicating the possibility of collective construction of measures geared toward the conservation of the species. The second chapter aimed to investigate local knowledge on the occurrence sites of the species. For a year a sampling was conducted at excerpts from Javari rivers, Quixito and Itacoaí to investigate the suitability of using this type of knowledge on measures directed to the study of the species in the wild. In addition, the study has looked to investigate the effect of environmental variables related to the occurrence of T. inunguis in the study area. Therefore, we use Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to model the distribution of T. inunguis using presence and absence data in sites located within the study area and its relation with variables of environmental and anthropogenic order. We recognize, based on the observed results, the potential of local knowledge about the occurrence sites (detection success rate of occurrence of the sites listed as of the occurrence of the species evidence was 37.66%, in contrast to 1.43 % of sites listed as non-occurrence of the manatee). Therefore consider their owners as key elements in the development of ecological studies of the species, and that should be incorporated into protective actions to these animals. The variable components of the model built (EVD ~ SIT + LARG + DIST.ATN + COM + EMB1 + FLOR.ALAG) validate its objective basis. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that the methodology is capable of replication in similar cases. Still, recommendations regarding data collection bearing in mind the intrinsic features of each variable analyzed (geographical configuration of the sampled rivers, use that animals do the flooded forest, effect of sightings closest communities) are made to maximize potential the use of explanatory models the occurrence of the species, thereby creating greater biological reliability of results. The third chapter raised the species mortality data and studied the perception of the region bordering population on it’s conservation. Individuals contacted for the first component of the study were applied questions about the animals, their relationships with other species, the mythical body of knowledge about the species, their uses, the risks to which it is subject, and the threat of its extinction. A survey was done (by direct observation, participant or not) on mortality of manatees in the study area, and the various causes of deaths recorded. To analyze the perception we used the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS). Mortality data were recorded and analyzed descriptively. Impressions beforehand to the questions were mostly positive (73%), and even the negative (27%) can base discussions on conservation actions regionally. The data on the risks and T. inunguis mortality brings evidence that the hunting of these animals still occurs materially and locally and this is an aspect that requires further studies in this regard. Studies are recommended regarding population ecology and dynamics of species populations in the area, under the action of an additional source of mortality: the hunting factor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A pesca comercial dos tucunarés Cichla Spp. (Peciformes, Cichlidae) no Reservatório da UHE-Tucuruí, Rio Tocantins, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) BOTELHO, Marília Cunha; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
This study describes the freshwater fishery based on peacock bass ("tucunaré") Cichla spp. in the lower Tocantins River, Pará state, northern Brazil, in the area influenced by the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam, with emphasis on the reservoir. The study was divided in two parts: Chapter I describes the commercial peacock bass fishery with relation to fishing gear, fishing strategies, utilized environments, seasonality, and local fishing management according to the fishermen’s perception. The fishermen’s local knowledge was studies, including their ethnobiological classification of peacock bass types, and the social, ecological, and economical aspects involved. Interviews with fishermen and participation observation were conducted in situ. The Tucurui reservoir peacock bass fishery is of great importance in the social and economic life of these fishermen and is their main income source. This fishery occurs in specific places in the lake and uses rudimentary methods and equipment. According to the fisherman, production is influenced by environmental variables and by the use of guild nets, that the fishermen say drives away peacock bass from the fishing environments. The use of environments for fishing is the main source of conflict among fisherman. Social relations among fishermen in a system of partnership and the presence of middlemen diminish the the fisherman’s income. Fishermen possess consistent knowledge on the ecology and behavior of peacock bass. Their system of fish classification recognizes three ethnospecies, two of which constitute a single scientific species. Chapter II treats peacock bass yields at landing points in the lake, from 1997 to 2003, according to data furnished by ELETRONORTE, and a measure of fishing effort was considered that was most adequate for these data. The data were analyzed according to port, fishing gear, type of boat, fishing grounds, and river flood cycle. The data demonstrated that different cities possess fishing fleets with their own characteristics and that these utilize nearby fishing grounds. The greatest yields were during periods of flooding and subsidence of water levels, with hook and line fishery being responsible for most of the catch. Canoes were the most used boats. The yield data at landing points indicate that this fishery is more important in cities and areas located on the lake. Fish yield for unit of effort only shows adequate statistical behavior when analyzed for fishing grounds and the adjusted units of effort are number of fisherman per days of fishing, after logarithmic transformation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prática da caça por moradores urbanos na região oeste da rodovia Transamazônica paraense, no médio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-25) REZENDE, Rozinete Francisca; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741; MOURTHÉ, Ítalo Martins da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0147415006930129; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-6517
Hunting is an important socioeconomic and cultural activity for human populations, including riverine and indigenous ones. Although it is also practiced by urban populations, studies considering these actors are still scarce. Our objective was to characterize hunting by urban dwellers in three cities located in the west stretch of the Transamazon Highway in Pará. The research consisted of semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. The following characteristics were characterized: i) hunted animals, ii) employed techniques, iii) hunters 'socioeconomic profile, and iv) influence of species characteristics on hunters' preference or rejection. Interviews took place between March and May 2019. Principal Coordinate Analyzes were used to determine the most important characteristics in hunters' choice or rejection of species. 59 men were interviewed, 16 in Altamira, 24 in Brasil Novo and 19 in Medicilândia. Most of the interviewees had local origin (61%), incomplete elementary (46%) or high school (29%) and monthly income ≤1,500 reais (68%). Hunting is more frequent during drought, using the waiting technique (91%). Most respondents hunt in forested areas (86%), relatively close to cities. Twenty-one species were mentioned, including 15 mammals, 4 birds and 2 reptiles. Cuniculus paca (paca), Tayassu pecari (peccary), Mazama americana (red deer), and armadillos (Dasypodidae) were the most hunted species. The size, taste of meat, availability and existence of conflicts with agricultural activity were the main characteristics determining the preference of hunters. Ten species, including primates and tapirs (Tapirus terrestis), were rejected mainly due to their appearance, availability and taste of meat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Traditional knowledge and artisanal fishing technology on the Xingu River in Pará, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08) MESQUITA, Esther Mirian Cardoso; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac
In artisanal fishing, the techniques used by a community reflect the characteristics of the natural environment, in particular the distribution and availability of resources, as well as local traditions and customs. However, economic development may result in the loss of these traditions. The present study documents the fishing techniques used by the communities on the Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Pará (Maribel, Altamira, Belo Monte, Vitória do Xingu, Vila Nova, Senador José Porfírio, Porto de Moz, and Gurupá). Interviews were used to investigate traditional local knowledge and the distribution of the different fishing methods within the study area. The local fishers described the use of 12 different types of net, 10 hook and line techniques, and eight kinds of spearfishing. Free diving and scuba diving are also used for the capture of ornamental fish.