Navegando por Assunto "Impacto ambiental"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 40

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acute toxicity of sodium metabisulphite on mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda, Ucididae)
(2012-12) PEDALE, Adriana Batista; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; SANTOS, Rudã Fernandes Brandão; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo
The sodium metabisulphite salt is usually used in shrimp culture to prevent black spot. Unfortunately the toxicological effect of this xenobiotic in decapod crabs is unknown. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the sodium metabisulphite LC50 - 96 h in the mangrove species Ucides cordatus. Crabs were collected in the tidal creek margins in Bragança estuarine and were submitted to preliminary test (screening) and posterior definitive test. Crabs were exposed in five different concentrations and a control group in five replicates, two crabs per recipient (5 L) during 96 hours. A negative correlation was observed to sodium metabisulphite concentration in relation to dissolved oxygen and pH. At the end of the experiment were obtained the following mortality index in relation to sodium metabisulphite concentrations: 100% in 86.0 mg.L-1, 74% in 62.0 mg.L-1, 52% in 52.0 mg.L-1, 44% in 38.0 mg.L-1. The value of LC50 - 96 h for U. cordatus was determinate at 42.58 mg.L-1/Na2S2O5. The results strongly indicate that sodium metabisulphite is toxic for U. cordatus, and this crab could be used for biomonitoring the environmental impact.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alagamentos no centro comercial da Campina, Belém-PA: identificação das causas e suas implicações de acordo com a percepção dos comerciantes locais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-24) SOUSA, Dyego Rodrigo Damázio de; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
Among environmental problems of Belém-Pará-Brasil, one of them usually draws attention from Belenense society, every beginning of the year, routinely between the months of March and April. The floods in the commercial center of the Campina district usually brings with it several environmental problems, social and economic factors that directly influence the dynamics of the city. The commercial center of Campina (study area of this research) is an area very prone to floods, due to intense precipitation and high tides in the Amazonian winter, besides the large volume of waste produced in the area and a drainage system very old and little benefited by the actions agencies in the power of state government. In order to analyze how the natural and anthropic agents act causing floods and what the main implications of these floods, from the perspective of the area's own merchants, is that this research was based on, also aiming at mapping the main problem points, where floods is often more recurrent, with the perspective of providing subsidies for future research and public works in the area. For the development of this dissertation, some consultations were carried out on specialized websites (INMET, IBGE, IPEA), public agencies (SEMMA, SESAN, CPRM, CODEM, SECON) and libraries (UFPA, NUMA, NAEA), among others. In addition to data collection in the field: photographic records, identification of floods points, observations of the drainage system, precipitation and tidal action in the area, quantification of merchants, questionnaires. To reach results that demonstrated the influence of each agent, confirming that the high tide, the strong precipitation and the drainage system are the most active for the problem of floods in that area, and that these floods cause great socioeconomic losses to the merchants, to the point of making them stop working on the incidental days, lose almost half of their monthly profitability, besides causing in deficit in the local and municipal economy, Since the participation of the sector in the municipal PIB is compromised due to the low profitability caused in the period in question.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Albedo da cultura da soja em área de avanço da fronteira agrícola na Amazônia
(2010-01) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; LOUREIRO, Renata Silva de; BISPO, Carlos José Capela; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Soybean expansion in the Amazon has been increasing considerably in recent years, the consequences of which can be serious environmental impacts. In this paper the soybean albedo (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl) was evaluated, which was planted in natural field conditions in Paragominas city (PA), a region representative of agricultural expansion in Amazon. A direct relationship was observed between soybean albedo and its leaf area index (LAI), showing a daily maximum value between 0.24 and 0.25 associated to a LAI of 7.17, when soybean has accumulated 1297.62 degree-days. It was found that the most critical phase of the crop, based on change in surface albedo, is the fruitification phase, when albedo shows a maximum mean value of 0.23 (± 0.0007). Empirical models were fitted to simulate the daily variation of the albedo as a function of LAI and soil humidity during the cycle, and to simulate the diurnal variation of the albedo as a function of solar elevation, for each soybean phase.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da cobertura do solo usando NDVI, na região da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CARRARO, Fábia Gabriela Pflugrath; FÜLBER, Heleno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5018616409948511
The present work aims to analyze the ground cover, of the Belo Monte Dam complex region using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), calculated from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 images from 2008 to 2018. The use of images over the 10-year period can continuously identify trends in the pixels due to the change in land use. The mapping consisted of a polygon (buffer) on each side of the Xingu River, the images obtained during the dry period, in the Imaging Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The scenes were processed and the thematic maps generated in ArcGIS® 10.2.2. and the NDVI tool was applied for the mapping of areas and then a grid was generated with the processed values, than the creation of thematic classes based on intervals of index values, for the generation of thematic images, with associated defined value intervals to a color scale. The reduction in NDVI values in the years 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017 shows the direct influence of the decrease in vegetation due to deforestation. It is checked that during the time series, that from 2013 to 2016 there was a constancy in the NDVI values, indicating that in those years there were no major losses of plant biomass. Thus, the application of the index shows an efficiency when analyzing the behavior of the vegetation made it possible to verify a huge loss of plant biomass and increase of exposed soil due to the implantation of the Belo Monte Dam.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade pluviométrica da região da UHE – Tucuruí/PA no período operacional (1988-2017)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-30) ALMEIDA, Denilson Freitas; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Tocantins - Araguaia hydrographic region has become a major power in the generation of hydraulic energy with the installation of large hydroelectric plants and the formation of several artificial lakes, resulting in hydrological changes and possible changes in the microclimate and rainfall. The analysis of rainfall behavior in the hydrographic basin becomes of fundamental importance for the management of water resources. In order to subsidize the management and planning of water resources in the region, an analysis of the spatial-temporal rainfall variability was carried out in the Lake HPP-Tucuruí / PA region, being divided into 4 quadrants (NE, NO , SO and SE) and 12 sub-areas (NE50, NE100, NE200, NO50, NO100, NO200, SO50, SO100, SO200, SE50, SE100 and SE200), considering the period of 30 years (1988-2017), in order to analyze the behavior of the rains in the region. To this end, data were collected and analyzed from 30 pluviometric stations that appear in the database of the ANA platform (HidroWeb base), within a radius of up to 200 km from the hydroelectric plant. With the aid of the QGIS 3.0.3 software, the isohyets maps were drawn using the linear ordinary kriging interpolation method, representing the heights of the water slides. The results showed variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the total volume precipitated in the referred period of study, identified in the results of standard deviation and variance, in addition to the result of the trend of rains by Mann Kendall's non-parametric tests. The pluviometric indexes showed decreases, when analyzing the entire study area, with an average rainfall of 2157.73 mm. There was a greater decrease in precipitation in the southern part of the region, which showed lower rainfall. In the northern regions, where the artificial lake formed by the Tucuruí dam is found, there were higher rainfall averages. The Mann-Kendall (MK) results showed a greater decrease in the quadrants of the microscale (close to the bus), especially at NO50, which showed a significant trend of decreasing rainfall in the study region (Z = -2.24).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Áreas úmidas e indicadores ambientais de planície flúvio estuarina na Amazônia Oriental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) PINTO, Álvaro José de Almeida; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The most extensive floodplains in the world occur in the Amazon River basin. In these locations, along the largest rivers, pulses of periodic flooding produce seasonal and dynamic connectivity between the smaller channels and the adjacent wetlands. Wetlands play a vital role in water quality, in addition to providing coastal stabilization and erosion control, aquifer recharge, serve as important habitats. The present study aimed to elaborate, based on environmental indicators, the characterization and classification of an estuarine fluvial plain in a humid area, and to evaluate its degree of environmental impact using bioindicators as an analysis tool, considering a gradient of water bodies. The present study took place in the municipalities of Barcarena and Abaetetuba, having an important and significant role, economic-financial, socio-cultural and migratory and ecological-environmental for the region and for the Amazon as a whole. In the present study, it was divided into two stages, considering the hypothesis and specific objectives. The first stage of characterization and classification of the region as wetlands, and the second stage was the use of biological indicators as a way of measuring the environmental quality of the areas. The indicators used for stage I were altimetry, rainfall, hydrography and land use and coverage, and such information was processed in a GIS environment. Additionally, the Topographic Index of Wet Areas (ITU) was used, and the method of map reclassification (topography, land use and precipitation) was proposed, generating product through map algebra, then defining areas with Potential for Formation of Wet Areas (PFAU). The second stage, was carried out after the classification of PFAU’s, using macrozoobenthos as an indicator of environmental quality. Sampling in the main drainages distributed in three sectors with different potential impacts. The sectors were: i) high impact sector ii) medium impact sector iii) low impact sector. In general the region of the present study predominates low altimetric values, the pluviometric precipitation for the annual accumulated, varied from 3594 mm to 4844 mm, not being a marked difference, more than 50% of the soil is characterized as area of agriculture and fields, being directly linked to the modified environments either by the occupation of the industrial pole, or by the use of land with buildings. It was possible to delimit the areas with the potential to form wetlands, being directly linked to the topographic processes and the main drainages. The results indicated that the structure of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the drainages surrounding the industrial port complex, shows a loss of environmental quality, with extreme effects of a fall in abundance and diversity. More tolerant taxa (Namalycastis caetensis, Cirolana sp., Pseudosphaeroma sp., Tubificidae and Chironominae) and sensitive (hydropsychidae and Eteone sp.) Impact conditions were identified and evaluated as potential bioindicators for monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos sociais e naturais de um problema ambiental: um estudo na ilha da Coroa Comprida, Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-28) BENTES, Erika Simone da Silva; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
The Amazon region is highlighted on the world stage not only for its biodiversity, it contains the largest rainforest in the world still existing, but also for its social diversity: the region contains distinct population groups. This paper discusses the problem of the social construction of environmental problem from the knowledge and the local perception of the phenomenon, supported by observation and interviews. The research develops the Island Coroa Comprida, mesoregion Salgado where a community made up mostly of fishermen, situated at the mouth of the river Urumajó under the direct influence of the Atlantic Ocean. This town has faced a long process of erosion that is declining because the territorial extension of the beach where the locals inhabit the island, causing its movement to other locations both along the river and to the outskirts of Augusto Corrêa. Of the approximately 400 families that originally inhabited the island, only 15 remain now and only due to lack of financial resources to travel. Residents who have already moved the island, went to several places: home of relatives in the county seat, to the village of Perimirim which was built 36 years ago to house the displaced exactly the Island in question, due to the erosion process that had begun since. Another portion of residents moved to the neighborhood Bom Jesus Near the center of the municipality. The last 15 residents await the end of the construction of 25 houses built by the City Hall to house the victims of the erosion process. Both fishermen as public managers interpret erosion as a "natural phenomenon", and no public policies for the population living in the territory and the destruction compulsory displacement. As this erosion is treated as a natural phenomenon, its effects are not included in current discussions on measurement of risk prevention and environmental protection of victims of environmental disasters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assessment of surface water in two Amazonian rivers impacted by industrial wastewater, Barcarena City, Pará State (Brazil)
(2011-08) LIMA, Marcelo de Oliveira; SANTOS, Elisabeth Conceição de Oliveira; JESUS, Iracina Maura de; MEDEIROS, Adaelson Campelo; FAIAL, Kelson do Carmo Freitas; ALVES, Claudio Nahum
In 2007, surface waters were collected from 21 sampling points in Barcarena City in Northern Region of Brazil: one sampling point located in a stream that receives discharge of wastewater from a kaolin processing industry and flows into the Curuperê River, three sampling points located near sources that emerge on the left bank and flow into the Curuperê River, nine sampling points in Curuperê River, which flows into the Dendê River, and eight in Dendê River, a tributary on the right bank of the Pará River. For all water samples were quantified 14 physicochemical variables and levels of 12 metals. The results in the points near the sources of the Curuperê River presented physicochemical profile and metal levels which are typical of surface waters being used as reference to compare and identify possible changes in the chemical characteristics of the other sampling points. The comparison between the results obtained for the sources of the Curuperê River and the ones for the point near the discharge of industrial wastewater revealed strong changes in the values of 6 physicochemical variables (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (SO4), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) and salinity) and an increase in magnitude of the levels of four metals (Al, Fe, Mn and Zn). These facts characterized that the wastewaters were discharged into the environment without adequate treatment. Results in other sampling sites showed that these anomalous conditions were also found along the Curuperê and Dendê Rivers, especially during low tide. This chemical characterization of the waters allowed to identify harmful conditions to aquatic ecosystems and potential health risk for the local people, who use the rivers for drinking water, recreation and transportation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação ambiental dos recursos hídricos, solos e sedimentos na área de abrangência do depósito de resíduos sólidos do Aurá - Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-03-27) PIRATOBA MORALES, Gundisalvo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
With 1.754.099 inhabitants, the municipality of Belém produces roughly 1,200 tons per day of all kinds of waste, which are deposited in a landfill known as Lixão do Aurá, bordering the municipality of Ananindeua. During the past 11 years, this area has been accumulating approximately three million and two-hundred thousand tons of solid waste, transforming that place into a permanent local source of anthropogenic pollution, altering environmental conditions and resources around the whole area surrounding it. A Vertical Electrical Resistivity Sounding (VERS) procedure, conducted in the area before it was transformed into the landfill (1991), compared with the measures taken eight years later (1998), show that the land resistance has considerably dropped, with values in some cases — 109 times smaller than the original ones, thus indicating that the layers have been affected by the leach from waste decay. Fifteen profiles were conducted in the area, using the electrical imaging system, allowing us to confirm the (VERS) results, with evidences that the underground water has been affected by the infiltration and by the leachate vertical and horizontal movements. The hydro geological characteristics in the area show that the local predominant type of aquifer is of the free kind, locally confined, with hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.695%, effective porosity of 28%, permeability coefficient ranging from 1.1 x 10-3 to 0.9 x 10-4 cm/s, and underground flows running north/south towards the Guamá River, at approximately 14.79 m/year. A multivariate statistical analysis has shown that superficial water samples, collected simultaneously at three control points, during one tide cycle, regardless of the season, portray totaily different behaviors, indicating that superficial water resources are being affected by the superficial movement of leachate. With the concentration value figures for each of the leachate parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, total organic carbon, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesia), plus the flow of the Aurá River at the control point near the Guamá River, it is possible to estimate the quantity of pollutants that the solid waste landfill sends into the water system. During one tide cycle, in the dry season, the solid waste landfill deposits approximately 13,115 kg of chloride, 417 kg of ammonia, and 129,767 kg of salts in the local water system. For the underground waters, the multivariate statistics showed that the samples collected In the monitoring wells in the area show significant differences, indicating that the wells located downstream have been affected by the leachate. The presence of sand layers right in the area where solid waste is deposited allows for the vertical and horizontal movement of the different pollutants originated by the leachate. The heavy metais anaiyses, conducted under the sequential extraction methodology, showed percentages in the geochemical phases potentially bio-available in the studied soil and sediment samples. In the soil samples, the potentially bio-available fraction (replace, reduce, and organic geochemistry phases) contained an average of 32% of the total Cadmium (Cd), 11.8% of the total Chromium (Cr), 23% of the total Copper (Cu), 12.32% of the total Nickel (Ni), 43.1% of the total Lead (Pb), and 31.01% of the total Zinc. The potentially bio-available phases percentage in the sediments of the area was greater than the ones found in the soil samples. In these sediments, the quantity of heavy metais in the potentially bio-available fraction, shown higher values during the dry season than during the rainy season; for instance, 33% of the total Cd measured during the rainy season increased to 37% in the dry season; Pb increased from 61 to 70%; Zn, from 51 to 54%, among others. The metais analyzed by total attack in the soil samples, compared with the sandstone backgrounds, indicate that the Fe (3.1%), Cu (18.5 ppm), Ni (10.1 ppm), Pb (69.5 ppm), Cr (76 ppm), and Cd (>1 ppm) are above normal standards. In the case of sediment samples, the EPA background values (total concentration) would be moderately polluted by Cr (average 64.6 ppm) and heavily polluted by Fe (3.8%) and Mn (600 ppm). These results show that the sediments were not polluted by Pb and Zn. Considering the potentially bio-available phase and using the tool provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS), we can say that, during the rainy season, the sediment samples were not polluted by Cr (potentially bio-available fraction smaller than 20% of the total) were highly polluted by Pb and Zn (PBD higher than 50%), and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Cd (PBD between 20 and 50%).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental da baía do Guajará em Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) SANTOS, Letícia Furtado dos; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
Water is a fundamental natural resource for the maintenance of life, so it is of the utmost importance to preserve its quality. However, with the increase of anthropic activities, it has been under severe pressure, something that can affect its quality. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the water bodies, evaluating the physical, chemical and biological factors, in order to know if such activities are causing risks to the quality of this natural resource. The objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental quality of Guajará Bay, through the analysis of water quality, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates. The collections occur in the year 2015 and 2016, in distinct seasonal periods, rainy and less rainy, characteristic of the Amazon region. The study was performed in 4 points (PT01, PT02, PT03 and PT04). In the water analysis, the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated; in the study of the sediment (total and leachate) was quantified the Cr, Cd, Cu and Fe metals, calculating the FC (Contamination Factor), IGeo (Geoacumulation Index) and FE (Enrichment Factor); and in the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates the ecological descriptors and the FAB (Bioaccumulation Factor) were evaluated. In the precipitation analysis, the precipitated volume was above the average of the normal climatological in the rainy period, and in the less rainy period it was below the average. In the chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water, the OD (dissolved oxygen) parameter was below that allowed by CONAMA Resolution nº357/05, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and thermotolerant coliforms above the reference limit, in addition to high concentrations of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and high CE (electrical conductivity). In the evaluation of the sediment the total sediment Cd presented values above that allowed by PEL and CONAMA nº 454/12, already in the leached phase, all the metals were within the allowed by the legislation. In general, the points presented low to moderate contamination, characterized as an unpolluted environment to a moderately polluted and enriched deficiency. In the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates, the most representative phylum found was the Annelida, with most of the species referring to the class Polychaeta and the subclass Oligochaeta (class Clitellata). The Oligochaetas belonging to the Tubificidae family was the most prominent. Such family is characterized as tolerant and opportunistic to situations of hypoxia, being able to inhabit in environments with eutrofizada water. The results of the ecological descriptors showed that the greatest richness, abundance, diversity and better equitability were found in the less rainy period, due to the higher concentration of nutrients and organic matter caused in this period, benthic individuals presented bioaccumulation at all points for metals Cd, Cr, Cu. The results of the matrices analyzed in the study indicated that the accumulation of pollutants in Guajará bay is due to anthropic activities, mainly by the disposal of domestic sewage without pre-treatment that is launched in this region and port activity. Thus, the importance of continuous monitoring is emphasized, given that such contamination, besides causing damages to the aquatic ecosystem, causes harm to the population, since it uses this water body for practices and recreation and fishing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e aplicação de dados de sensores remotos no estudo de ambientes costeiros tropicais úmidos, Bragança, norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-11-17) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429
The study site is situated in the Cretaceous Bragança-Viseu coastal basin. The holocenic evolution of this area is marked by muddy progradation over a submerging coast, where is developed one of the most mangrove system of the world, with almost 6,000 km2. This research has showed that orbital remote sensing data can provide excellent geologic and coastal land use information. The SAR RADARSAT-1 imageries represent a powerful tool to understand the coastal processes in the wet tropical environments, mainly in the mangrove coasts. This fact is related to microwave radiation can be interpreted for Amazon coastal zone mapping and monitoring, because SAR image constitutes in the unique source of data with all-weather remote sensing capability, in response to difficulty to get optical images in the Amazon, due to all-time cloud cover. Landsat TM imageries are excellent data sources to integration with RADARSAT-1. They present a good performance in coastal environments discrimination. The remote sensing data integration allow a synoptic view of the area and provide geobotanic (relation between coastal environment and vegetation) and multitemporal information. In addition to integrated data, geographic information system (GIS) combines different data sets and simultaneously interprets the spatial and temporal relationship between various coastal environments. This way, GIS allows for a more comprehensive, accurate and easier interpretation of a geomorphologic mapping under an organizational philosophy to control data towards use the information to coastal zone management. The application of remote sensing data in the tropical coastal studies was used in different approaches. In relation to spatial and temporal variability of the shoreline, this study has revealed that during the Holocene, the coastal plain is marked by a muddy progradation. However, from the analysis of the remote sensing images were possible investigate the shoreline variability under long (1972-1998) and short (1985-1988, 1988-1990, 1990-1991) term, which is characterized by shoreline retreat, probably due to climatic changes, such as El-Niño and La-Niña events. These climatic events control the rainfall along the coastal zone, where severe erosional period (1985- 1988) are coupled with high precipitation rate (> 4,000 mm/yr.). From the point of view of the spatial analysis of the coastal changes, the mangroves constitutes one of the most environments to be analyzed by remote sensing images, as in the electro-optical spectrum due to their high reflectance in the infrared, as in the microwave due to their rough surface responsible for high backscattering. Therefore, mangroves have showed to be an excellent geologic indicator to detect and to quantify short and long-term morphological coastal changes. To conclude, remote sensing data integration, GIS and auxiliary fieldwork data present a fundamental role to the integrated coastal zone management, environmental risk assessment, local characterization of the study sites, base maps upgrading and information dissemination for public consultation, which are all significant factors in this decision-making process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflito e enfrentamento diante das mudanças ambientais decorrentes da construção de barragem: memória coletiva e pesca artesanal no Lago da UHE de Tucuruí/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-26) SOUZA, Cleide Lima de; RAVENA CAÑETE, Voyner; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323
This study investigates the artificial lake of the Tucuruí/PA hydroelectric power plant. The main problem is the memory about access and use of fishing resources. Some of the research questions are: does knowledge about the ecosystem prior to the construction of the reservoir allow the confrontation of the local population, that is, the artisan fishermen in relation to the highly modified environment? To what extent knowledge about water resources are incorporated to new knowledge so that different strategies of access and use of fishing resources are created? Which socioenvironmental changes interfere in the collective memory? With these questions in mind, the study aims to identify and analyze collective memory taking into consideration the changes in the natural environment due to the strong impacts of the Tucuruí/PA hydroelectric power plant, in order to identify and analyze the dynamic between the old actors (native) and new (immigrants) and possible scenarios of conflict involving artisanal fishing. The methodology include the choice of 3 of the main fish landing ports (Santa Rosa, Polo Pesqueiro and Porto do Onze) and the use of quanti-qualitative techniques and the application of 80 questionnaires and 50 semi-structured interviews as well as the gathering of documental and bibliographic information prior to the creation of the lake. The theoretical reference refers to society and nature, collective memory and artisanal fishing. The results highlight the dimension of the socioenvironmental impact caused, marked in the collective memory that allows remembering the environment before the construction of the dam (Tocantins river), in the process of confronting the new environment (artificial lake) that allows artisanal fishing in another territory, now (re) constructed by people´s collective memory. The study concludes that the way of living of these fishermen in face of the changes, which involve the transformation of a river into a lake, represents a rupture in their knowledge and in their relation with nature. Collective memory represents an essential tool for continuity, although uncertain, as it links past and present in the reconstruction of a new fishing territory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consequências das práticas agrícolas na diversidade vegetal em Parauapebas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) SANTOS, Alessio Moreira dos; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
Agricultural activities in the project of nesting in the Amazon region are important in food production. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the human impact of agricultural practices on plant biodiversity of a community of small family farmers and to discuss the possibility of retaining some resistant species and useful in the tillage systems. The research was conducted at Project of Nesting Palmares II, city of Parauapebas, southeastern Pará, Brazil. The survey of plant biodiversity was conducted in 45 points on 9 demarcated family farms. Data on vegetation structure and floristic composition were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Was calculated IIV (Index Importance Value) for all species found in intermediate and upper stratum. In total, considering the three strata: low, intermediate and higher, there were 707 species and their specific riches by agriculture: logged forest (77,8 ± 18,6); burned forest (65,1 ± 23,5); rice field (24 ± 2); corn field (33,6 ± 9); cassava field (31,5); clean cattle pasture (20,1 ± 8,9); invaded cattle pasture (44 ± 12,3) ; grade earth (21), young secondary forests (42,8 ± 10,7) Old secondary forests (45 ± 5,6). The species with the highest IVI were Vernonia brasiliana, Cecropia palmata, Solanum crinitum, Trema micrantha, Solanum rugosum, Oenocarpus distichus, Rollinia exsucca, Vismia baccifera, Alexa grandiflora and Pueraria phaseoloides. PCA vegetation structure indicated that the type of land use was the determining factor, linked to an opposition between high levels of richness, density and basal area of the upper stratum, high values of richness and basal area of the stratum intermediate and low values of these variables. Since the PCA of the floristic composition showed that the forest plots are opposed to other forest plots and plots of poultry, indicating differences in floristic composition even between forests. The corn field, cassava field and rice field were considered as areas that generate the most impact on biodiversity. The small size of the lots of the nesting Palmares II favors the intensive land use and deforestation accelerated. It should promote and support agroforestry practices in Project of Nesting Palmares II, to advocate farming techniques that protect natural resources, such as the conservation of tree species useful and robust in open areas. The species Pueraria phaseoloides when associated with agricultural crops, should maintain production and save the cultivated areas, functioning as green manure and minimizing degradation of cultivated areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Danos socioambientais da dendeicultura na microrregião de Tomé-Açu, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) MONTEIRO NETO, Albertino; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9240
Oil palm cultivation is a spatial process fostered by actions between the State and the business sector, enabling the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the Amazon. As a research focus, we argue that oil palm cultivation emerges as a central activity in monoculture expansion in the Amazon, bringing a series of socio-environmental damages, especially in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion (MRTA). The research consists of a multifaceted analysis, from the historical context and set of laws that facilitated the expansion of oil palm plantations, to the application of advanced geoprocessing techniques and remote sensing to detect and understand changes in land cover and land use. Thus, the general objective is to understand the expansion of oil palm cultivation as a source of socio-environmental damages in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, PA. The chapters of this dissertation were written in the format of scientific articles, corresponding to chapters 2, 3, and 4. The study area is the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, in northeastern Pará, and we used the Arauaí settlement and the Jambuaçu quilombola territory as clipped portions from the study area. The methodology consisted of literature review, supervised classification of satellite images, and field visits to communities impacted by oil palm cultivation. We perceive the persistence of the discourse promising economic and social integration of rural areas adapted to oil palm cultivation. There is no room for discussion of alternative proposals for rural economic integration, nor is the peasant way of life considered in the conception of integration projects. Geoprocessing techniques proved to be efficient in identifying oil palm plantations and detecting deforestation associated with the expansion of oil palm monocultures. Between 1988 and 2023, 32,322 hectares of forests (primary and secondary) were converted into oil palm plantations in the MRTA. Family farmers associated with the production chain are irreversibly linked to oil palm cultivation. Residents of Jambuaçu suffer from pressure on the territory caused by industrial oil palm cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desastre socioambiental em Barcarena: a percepção dos moradores de Vila do Conde sobre o naufrágio Haidar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-14) MACÊDO, Jucimeire Rocha; CUNHA, Janice Muriel Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4027012189701116; OLIVEIRA, Euzébio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1807260041420782; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-5902
This research has as its thematic delimitation the study about socioenvironmental disasters in the Amazon region, and its main research proposal is to understand the socioenvironmental effects generated by the sinking of the Haidar vessel to the residents of Vila do Conde - coastal community of the Brazilian Amazon. The socio-environmental disaster occurred on October 6, 2015, in which a Lebanese-flagged cargo ship loaded with approximately 5,000 live oxen sank in the Port of Vila do Conde, causing the animals to die through intense suffering, spilling 700 tons of fuel oil in the Pará River, 90 tons of hay bale and 50 tons of rice bales destined to feed the animals during the trip. The general objective that guided the study sought to understand the socio-environmental and health effects of the residents of Vila do Conde, generated by the Haidar wreck. The specific objectives were based on: 1) To characterize the way of life of the residents of Vila do Conde, in a brief historical outline; 2) Analyze the social and environmental effects of the disaster; 3) Investigate the health effects of residents from the Haidar wreck. The path taken to understand the phenomenon has theoretical references based on authors such as: Artaxo (2014), about planetary transformations; Victor Marchezini (2018), who works on the theme of social and environmental disasters, which evoke reflections on the legitimacy of environmental issues and social inequality; Rita Barata (2009) and Ribeiro (2004), who exemplify the understanding of environmental health and also the result of social and environmental inequalities in the field of human health and Nascimento (2010), which elucidates the occurring and recurrent social and environmental disasters in the municipality. from Barcarena. Understanding the complexity of the object of study, the approach used was the quantitative and qualitative research. Regarding the procedures, the field research was chosen. The techniques applied for data collection were semi-structured interviews, application of questionnaires elaborated with mixed questions and records in the field diary. The data collected were organized, categorized and analyzed through content analysis, in a temporal cut, before and after the disaster. The final considerations showed that the socio-environmental disaster led to a series of imbalances regarding health, leisure, the economy and socio-cultural reorganization. Regarding health, 603 medical visits were quantified, and the most recurrent symptoms were: feeling sick, headache, malaise and vomiting. Leisure practices were compromised as the beach was banned. Economic activities concentrated in leisure, tourism and fishing were severely hampered by the beach ban. The departure of residents from their homes, located on the beach of Vila do Conde, thus marks the socio-cultural reorganization after the disaster.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito das espécies raras e comuns na diversidade funcional de aves florestais em uma paisagem dominada por palma-de-dendê na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03) PINHEIRO, Beatriz Tavares; ALMEIDA, Sara Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2785084573828283; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-8372-5482; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
The advance of agro-industry in the Amazon is a major threat to biodiversity, causing intense deforestation to make way for cattle ranching and monocultures such as palm oil. Forest loss can alter the distribution and population size of rare species that are limited in number of individuals or area of occurrence, affecting the functional structure of communities and ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the contribution of rare and common species to the functional diversity of forest bird communities in a landscape dominated by oil palm plantations. Bird sampling was conducted using a point count method in oil palm plantations and forest fragments in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. A total of 232 bird species was recorded, of which 198 occurred in the fragments and 53 in plantations. For each species occurring in forest fragments, we calculated a rarity index combining local abundance, geographic range and habitat specificity. We calculated functional richness (FRic), functional originality (FOri), functional specialization (FSpe) and community-weighted trait means (CWM), and compared them between forest and plantation communities considering three scenarios: 1) total pool of species recorded in forest versus plantation; 2) rarest species are removed from forest; and 3) more common species are removed from forest.There was a clear difference in trait composition between the two habitats. Removal of rare species increased functional diversity, but decreased functional redundancy. In contrast, the removal of common species reduced FOri and FSpe values, demonstrating that common forest bird species make unique functional contributions. We conclude that the loss of both rare and common species affects forest bird communities, and that it is essential to conserve and protect forested areas to ensure ecosystem health and resilience.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre campos, tesos, várzeas e florestas: relação com as paisagens nos processos de formação identitárias e resistência afromarajoara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-14) NAZARÉ, Mailson Lima; BARBOZA, Myrian Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4827055067722362; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-7386; BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9331256487699477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-553X
This work aims to describe socio-environmental realities of traditional communities in the Marajó archipelago in the State of Pará, through ways of life as a form of Afro-Marmara resistance. It is developed from the description of my social reality, of origin of communities of cowboys in the region of the Marajoara fields, in a relationship with the aspects of resistance and ethnic affirmation of the quilombola community of Gurupá located in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari. The description of my social trajectory is carried out through autoetnobiography, which makes it essential to show the way of life of black people with the protagonist of their own history, the analysis of ways of life in the quilombola territory of Gurupá is carried out through the ethnography of walking, method developed through observation, dialogues and walks together with interlocutors from the community. Therefore, through the ethnography of walking and autoetnobiography I try to relate my experiences with the resistance of the quilombola community of Gurupá as a way of resisting the Eurocentric paradigms that on the developmental discourse advance over territories of traditional communities in the Marajó archipelago. In this sense, the reflections presented in the study sought to answer the following question: how ways of life constitute forms of resistance based on the relationship between identity and landscapes? The study has ethnoracial issues as a reference and that is why I use concepts such as afromarajoara and quilombismo. Finally, the investigation concludes by showing that traditional communities have been using pluriactivities in their environments as a form of resistance both to face their seasonal dynamics, as well as to the external interferences of developme.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A extração do ouro na Amazônia e suas implicações para o meio ambiente
(1998) CAHETÉ, Frederico Luiz Silva
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto da urbanização na qualidade das águas subterrâneas nos bairros do Reduto, Nazaré e Umarizal - Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-01-29) CABRAL, Natalina Maria Tinôco; MANOEL FILHO, João
The study evaluates the urban impacts in the groundwater quality of Barreiras aquifer, caused mainly by nitrogen compounds (nitrate and ammonium) from domestic sewage and aromatical composites (benzene, tolueno, ethylbenzeno and xylenes - BTEX), from underground fuel storage tanks of gasoline and diesel. The study was carried out on an area of 15 Km2, in the quarters of the Reduto, Nazaré and Umarizal in city of Belém/PA. The used methods incluided a cadastre of wells, analyses and stratigraphic well log correlations, execution of 9 periods of sampling, chemical analysis of water from and interpretation of results. The unsaturated zone, in the study area, has thickness varying of I to 9m, being conditional to the seasonals variability. Mineralogical studies of sediments collected in drill rig wells had defined a domain of quartz and, of a more subordinated form, caulinite. The grain sized analysis show a predominance of the fractions silte sand, silte arenaceous and silte clay. Test of infiltration indicated value corresponding to a material silte to silte arenaceous. Sediments with these textures, associates to the varied infiltration capacity, mineralogic composition, water levei flat and raised load of contaminants, of mainly septic and casspools, can lead to the contamination of the aquifers of the area. The aquifers ones identified are correlated to the aquifers of the Barreiras Group, having been defined two main ones. First, the most superficial one, was classified as unconfined-leaky, and as the second aquifer one was characterized as confined-leaky. The water level, by diverse reasons, had not been measured during the execution of this work. In this case, the presented measures correspond to those done ones during the time of drilling of the wells, in which had varied of less of lm, in the areas of lower topographical quotas, until 11m in the wells located in the more raised paris. Vulnerability data had established mainly that, to a large extent of the area, the Barreiras Aquifer presents contamination possibility, considering that the studied area is urban and, consequently, concentrate some potentially polluting activities. The interpretation of the directions of groundwater flows, of the studied area, shows that the main lines of preferential flow are guided for the center of the area, containning the quarter of the Reduto and part of the Nazaré. The global behavior of the variables shows that the hydrogeochemical characteristics of studied waters are differentiated, when compared with the regional standard. The main parameters that had marked this differentiation had been the electric conductivity, chloride, sodium, pH, ammonium and nitrate. It is standed out that the grades of ammonium and nitrate are above or very Glose to the limit to potability standards, and that such parameters are the main contamination indicators of waters by effluent domestic sewage. The global analysis showed for nitrate a positive correlations with electric conductivity and a weak correlation with chloride, sodium, calcium, sulphate and hardness. For ammonium one observes a positive correlation with chloride and negative correlation with calcium, sulphate, pH and hardness. This study it allowed to indicate the conductivity, chloride and calcium as good pointers of the contaminations. The effected factorial analyses had come to confirm the main comments gotten in the study of correlations. The statistical study by period of sampling, they indicate that the regional seasonality is influencing only in secondary way in the chemical behavior the studied waters. The slight enrichment, of some components, in the rainy period can be explained because, in this period, the groundwater level is raised until next to the ground , being next to the contamination sources. In the study of correlation by period of sampling, the results can be considered, without exception, similars to the gotten ones in the analysis of correlation made with the global data. The statistical analysis for a series of wells had indicated that the wells, when analyzed individually, they had shown a relatively homogeneous behavior along the periods, but when compared between itself, it was possible to distinguish wells with values always raised from those with the raised values less. In the study of the behaviors for nitrate and ammonium, it was observed that the wells, when analyzed individually, they had homogeneous behaviors. On the other hand, the joint study of the wells it allowed to the classification of 4 main styles of behavior for nitrate and ammonium. Style 1 would correspond the wells with high values of nitrate and low values of ammonium; style 2 would be characterized by high values to nitrate and ammonium; style 3 would correspond the wells with low to intermediate concentrations the nitrate and high the relatively high ammonium grades and, finally, style 4 would be translated by lower grades for ammonium, followed for intermediate nitrate grades. These styles can mean greater or minor distance of active sources of contamination, that would be, therefore, the preponderant factors in the hydrogeochemical characterization of the wells in an urban area as the studied one. In two wells a more detailed water sampling was effected. These samplings had evidenced, one more time, to little influence of the seasonality in the hydrochemical characterization of the studied wells. To identify the main types of waters, representative samples of the registered in cadastre wells had been located in the diagrams of Piper. The results had shown a trend, so that, the samples, independent of the period of sampling, to be concentrated in calcium chloride sulfate, cl sodium chloride and sodium nitrate cloride hydrochemical facies. These behaviors reflect that they are being strong affected for antropogenic factors, in detriment of natural processes. The analysis of the space distribution, of the main parameters, showed that, for nitrate, the more raised grades are located in the central and south portion of the area. The ammonium presented an inverse relation to the one of nitrate, with more raised grade the northwest and northeast of the area, diminishing for the center of the area. The map of electric conductivity coincides, in good part, with the one of nitrate, while that the chloride iso-grade map is, in a general, similar way to the one it ammonium. The iso-grade map of pH did not show any trend of correlation with nitrate. These correspondences had coincided with the comments of the studies of correlations. In the study of water contamination by gasoline/diesel, three critical areas were defined. The study finally sugests that, in regard to water samples with qualitative identification of diesel and or gasoline, the main biodegradation process, bisede the aerobic one, seems to be of nitrate one.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos da ocupação urbana e qualidade das águas superficiais na microbacia da Va-de-Cães (Belém/PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) MARANHÃO, Romero de Albuquerque; SIQUEIRA, Gilmar Wanzeller; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3145792580729701; FRANÇA, Carmena Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723672412810714
The hidrografic basin of Val-de-Cães, with 10,10Km2, situated in the portion north of the City of Belém, presents as characteristic the dense urban occupation, represented for clandestine occupations, joint residential and for institucional areas. The present study it analyzes the impacts proceeding for the main forms from occupation and use of the basin of Val-de-Cães, using as indicating the quality of superficial waters of the hidric body. The analyses of waters had been carried through in two periods, rainy (February) and a other dry one (August), being determined the following parameters: turbidez, condutividade, color, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, nitrogenados components, temperature, Demand Biochemist of Oxygen, metals, oils and greases and total and fecais coliformes. The water of the narrow river disclosed values raised in downstream of the narrow river, possibly for the direct influence of the bay one of the Guajará, for pH, oils and greases, coliformes and Demand Biochemist of Oxygen. In the spring the parameters of total coliformes and Demand Biochemist of Oxygen present values that are considered raised in relation to the too much points of collection, but are the palafitas place that presents considerable number in the neighborhoods and little vegetation. The presence of effluent domestic servants and sewers is portraied mainly by the amount of coliformes, oils and greases, turbidez and text of match in the samples collected in both the periods and for the great number of dump points that increase to each day.