Navegando por Assunto "Imprensa"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agro y política en la Norpatagonia Argentina durante el peronismo (1946-1955)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09) RUFFINI, MarthaItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Antagonismo político na arena midiática: escândalos na eleição ao governo do Pará em 2014(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-20) MORAES, Lázaro Cardoso de; COSTA, Luciana Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1310961057480638This research analyzed newspaper articles published during the political campaign in 2014 for governor of Pará State in the local newspapers O Liberal and Diário do Pará aiming to identify phrases, key-words and other editorial resources – such as headlines, photo captions, photographs, infographs and facsimiles – in order to check if both papers took part in the construction of media political scandals so as to demage the opponents’ simbolic capital and influence the electors’ opinion. Considering that O Liberal declared support for the re-election of governor Simão Jatene and Diário do Pará for Helder Barbalho – who is son of senator Jader Barbalho and former mayor of Ananindeua municpality, in Belém Metropolitan region, we collected 100 articles published in both papers. Each of them was analysed based on two forms referring to quantity and quality data – such as if the article was the main headline of the newspaper; internal page headline; if it was published on even or odd pages or if it showed graphical resources; and another for the quality information: if the two sides involved were interviewed; if the article was against the candidates’ administration, their relatives or political allies; if the article was framed as political scandal, or even if there was omission of any public agent accused. Among the authors who provided theory reference to embase our research are Thompson (2002), Bourdieu (1998), Bakhtin (2006) and Mainguenau (2013), references for discourse analysis of the articles published in both newspapers. Based on the quantitative as well as qualitative data collected, we analysed how the newspapers do to say what they say, going through the discourse strategies each of them used on the construction of media political scandals aiming to conquer political power. In the end, we concluded that both newspapers not only worked on the attempt to influence the electors’ votes, as well as adopted similar discourse strategies, characterizing a sui generis form of political antagonism between the two communication groups which suported their respective candidates for governor of the State.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Assinado, Pierre Beltrand. Por Ubiratan de Aguiar (1957-2023)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-10) PINHEIRO, Marcelo Coelho do Amaral; FONTES, Edilza Joana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9447513031256372Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O caso de Klaus Keller: homossexualidades, narrativas populares e morte pela imprensa paraense (Belém-Pará, 1983-1990)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) BRITO NETO, Pedro Antonio de; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730In 1983, in the city of Belém-PA, the death of a homosexual known as Klaus Keller took over the pages of the Pará press, a death that would be revisited throughout the 80s. This narrative would be exposed in the pages of newspapers during the period of the "second wave" of the Brazilian homosexual movement and in the context of the process of re-democratization of the Brazilian state, after the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985). This led to a more critical press, with judgments condemning the actions of the police in the case, as well as explicit judgments about the victim's sexuality. However, on the other hand, there was a demand for the case to be solved, considering that Klaus was a homosexual of explicit sexuality and well-known in Belém. The Província do Pará, O Liberal and Diário do Pará were the main press outlets in Pará that wrote his story. In order to understand this publication, I used the concepts of popular and/or sensationalist press, both to understand the ways in which they disseminated news and the way in which they sold it. In addition, it was noted that this story could lead to a debate on bio-politics and necropolitics, considering state control and micro-powers over the sexual and racial identities present in the narratives. That said, this dissertation started from the present by traveling to the past, and found similar ends there. In other words, the deaths of homosexuals in the present turned out to be similar. In other words, the deaths of homosexuals in the present were similar to those in the past. In this work with press sources, it was found that the discourse has changed little, and the murders as well.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A ciência e a educação em um jornal da Amazônia: Folha do Norte (1896 -1897)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-08) BARROS, Raimundo Nascimento Pereira; Alves, José Jerônimo d e Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9586790409626243The present research aims to analyze the discourses on Science and Education that circulated in the pages of the newspaper Folha do Norte in the years 1896 and 1897, which lasted seventy - eight years, beginning its activities in January 1896 and circulating daily until 1974. The newspaper Folha do Norte was a newspaper of great importance in the history of the press in Pará, for being involved in the political scene, especially in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, being a strong supporter of the Federal Republican Party, led by Lauro Sodré, who fiercely opposed the policy of Antônio Lemos, owner of the newspaper The Province of Pará. Our object of study is the newspaper Folha do Norte, which included in its publications the political news and other topics, although we tried to collect those that were related to our objective that was the news about Science and Education. in all the available copies in the Digital Library of the National Library of the years of 1896 and 1897, finding columns and loose notes that spread scientific news and about public education, among them, the columns "Revistinha Scientífica" and "Respiga Scientífica" that they brought news related to science. News about the Roentgen Rays or X-Rays were also present on the pages of this newspaper that were mainly used for our analysis to seek to question whether these notes constructed positive or negative images about the sciences and how these images were constructed? There were also news items dealing with educational and organizational issues, including invitations to take admission exams, call students for second-call tests, and others. We also found a column entitled "Public Instruction", which dealt with matters related to the regulation voted in the year 1896; classification of schools in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd places of the cities of the interior and of the capital, as well as other notes that related to the events that occurred in educational institutions in Pará. However, we did not find news that talked about science and education together.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A construção da identidade do professor de língua portuguesa na imprensa: uma abordagem discursiva(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-25) LOPES, Maria do Socorro Morato; FAIRCHILD, Thomas Massao; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1771292039081039This research aims at describing and analysing processes by which the indentity of portuguese teachers is constructed in the press, how such identity is legitimized by their (teachers’) discourses and how it achieves social recognition, finding in the press and other similar media oportunity do emerge. The research corpus comprises several texts collected from magazines, newspapers, blogs and websites, all of them related to the teaching of portuguese and having teachers or other professionals as authors. This work is based on theoretical postulates from Discourse Analysis and Social Sciences, amongst which the concepts of Discourse, Hegemony and Discourse Memory, explained in the first chapter. We discuss how said concepts help explaining the reproduction of discourses (in the press) and the construction of the identity of portuguese teachers. The concept of Discourse Formations is explained in the second chapter, based on the works of Foucault (2004) and Pêcheux (2009), as well as the circular motion between positions of Identification and Couter-Identification. The third chapter relies on the concept of Imaginary Formations (PÊCHEUX, 1997). We therein analyse how the teacher may occupy the positions of A, B or R in discourses from the press, and how the images corresponding to each position are validated by the teachers’ own discourses or by whoever takes up the pen to write publicly about the teaching of portuguese. In the fourth chapter we discuss the polemic relation between two Discourse Formations under the the concept of Simulacrum (MAINGUENEAU, 2005), describing how distorted images of the other are projected in each discourse. In a wider scale, we intend to show the importance of discourse studies to the field of education, assuming that teachers’ education concerns not only in-class practices but also social discoursive practices. In our data analyses, we search for the positions teachers take in discourses and how teachers forge an identity upon writing publicly about their profession. Thus, we expect to clarify how portuguese teachers legitimize their identities in the media, which works as a place where discourses about first language teaching take form and are widely reproduced.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “Crias do abuso na Amazônia”: os (ab)usos discursivos da imprensa paraense na cobertura de casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-10) CASTRO, Avelina Oliveira de; SEIXAS, Netília Silva dos Anjos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2301685130625189This Master’s Dissertation questions on how the journals of Pará, O Liberal e Diário do Pará, two of the most important of their kind at the Amazon at present, produce speeches about cases of sexual violence against childrens and teenagers. We took, as research support, reports published at the Police pages and in various spaces of the journals, over their path, besides journalistic sentences produced during the validity of the Parliamentary Commission of Investigation (PCI) of the Legislative Assembly of Pará, between 2008 and 2010. To make possible the discursive analysis about this complex issue, we adopted as a methodology the Analysis of Speech, specially the theories of the French author Michel Foucault about speech, history and power. In order to make the selected corpus read. To deepen our analysis, we made an archaeological work of the history of the press of Pará to watch the update of the memories web and the relations of power that go through the journals’ speech about the issue, because at the microphysics of media power of Amazon both are in a “discursive war” registered in a peculiar way on their pages. So, we made an approachement of the analysis of speech with the journalism’s studies, using theorists of the Communication area, as Nelson Traquina. Besides that our research considered the analysis of peculiarities of Amazon, region located at the North of Brazil that suffers many national media discursives erasements through the history and where we also observed, in the middle of it’s variarity, the cultural practice of “calves”, which our studies showed as secular practice that until the present days takes children from interior cities to live and study at the capital cities. This and other dynamics about the sexual abuse and exploration of children and teenagers made we realize series of discursive (ab)uses about the issues at the press of Pará.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A crítica literária aos romances “Chove nos Campos de cachoeira”, “Marajó” e “Três casas e um rio” na imprensa do Rio de Janeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-11) MOREIRA, Alex Santos; FURTADO, Marli Tereza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382303554607592Discredited as a critical model, impressionistic criticism until the first half of the twentieth century dominated the literary debate in Brazil and its performance was hegemonic in the literary supplements of newspapers, magazines and weeklies. It is known that for a long time, it was the main source of readers’ guidance, revealing reading keys, clearing plots, playing characters and most of all it was also the living bond responsible for the link between the work and the reader and between literature and everyday life. Thus, this paper studies the literary criticism in the press of the city of Rio de Janeiro on the first three novels of Pará Dalcídio Jurandir writer (1909-1979). Show how Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira (1941), Marajó (1947) and Três Casas e um Rio (1958), in its immediate context of publication, were read by critics considered Impressionist. We intend to recognize how consolidated the meanings of these books, elucidate the critical procedures of the first assessors Dalcídio Jurandir and raise new hypotheses that help the new readings of these novels to go beyond what is laid by the current critical system.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dumas, Montépin e du Terrail: a circulação dos romances-folhetins franceses no Pará nos anos de 1871 a 1880(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-27) SANTOS, Edimara Ferreira; SOUZA, Simone Cristina Mendonça de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9233950092812632; SALES, Germana Maria Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8723885160615840This thesis aims to understand the nature of the circlation of serials, novels by French authors in the paper entitled O Liberal Para, from 1871 to 1880 of the nineteenth century. Among the French authors who have published novels serials in this newspaper highlighted Alexandre Dumas pai, Ponson du Terrail and Xavier de Montépin. Moreover, it seeks to demonstrate the dynamic movement of novels serialstitled Blanche de Beaulieu (Alexandre Dumas pai), A Fada D‟Auteuil (Ponson du Terrail) and O médico dos pobres (Xavier de Montépin) in the newspaper O Liberal do Para during aunique period in Belem, the moment the Belle Epoque paraense, where they were observed several changes in the cultural, economic and urban Para nineteenth century. Finally, it proposes an analysis of such prose fiction, emphasizing their structure, characters and thematic elements as modulators of European customs and habits, particularly those of French origin in the province of Para.Item Desconhecido Entre batalhas e papéis: a cabanagem e a imprensa brasileira na menoridade (1835-1840)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-28) LIMA, Luciano Demetrius Barbosa; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299Between battles and printed papers: the Cabanagem and the Brazilian periodicals during the Minority period (1835-1840) proposes a methodological redefining the historical and historiographical construction of the cabanos’s war. Returning to the analysis of some Brazilian periodicals at the first half of the nineteenth century, specifically between the years 1835 and 1840, I argue that the cabanos’s narrative history should be expanded beyond the crafts, proclamations and correspondence between cabanas e anti-cabanas authorities. In this study, the research was done in a rich and diverse list of editorials, articles and notes periodistics printed during the Minority period. They are outside and inside of periodicals of the former Grão-Pará, overturning the myth that – because there was no periodic regularly circulating during cabano‘s episode (1835-1839) – would hardly have to research these News organizations. I also intend to demonstrate, through the analysis of two newspapers of Rio de Janeiro: Correio Official, The Sete d’Abril, and the paraense periodical Treze de Maio (this was born immediately after cabano’s episode in 1840), that the cabano’s narrative war had a national circulation and that such disclosure contributed greatly to the creation of a memory-historical of this Amazonian movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Filhos da princesa do sertão: representações da masculinidade na imprensa em Caxias/MA durante a primeira república(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-18) RIBEIRO, Jakson dos Santos; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730The present work sought to problematize representations about masculinity in the city of Caxias, in the light of the press in the context of the First Republic. In the meantime, the newspapers disseminated through news and reports on violence, fashion, drug advertisements and alcoholism the various male performances that circulated in Caxias. The male representations were thus constructed, understood and classified between ideal and disorder in view of their practices. To discuss such questions I have worked with such categories as gender and masculinities and popular masculinities of the popular segments as a way to understand through the press the composition of representations of the behaviors of men who were exalted and those who should becurbed in the bosom of relationships marked by social class and color.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Guerra aos extremos: polarização política em Pernambuco e a defesa do princípio de soberania nacional (1829-1831)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06) FELDMAN, ArielThis article aims to analyze the politic polarization in Pernambuco between 1829 and 1831. The focus of this analysis is the journalistic work of Benedictine Monk Miguel do Sacramento Lopes Gama (1793-1852). Despite being very difficult to define the nature of the political projects advocated by each group, which expressed their ideas through the press, it is possible to identify the defense of two different kinds of sovereignty. For the first party, the notion of national sovereignty was the key principle that should organize the political institutions. The second party, which cannot be roughly defined as absolutist, still considered monarchic sovereignty one of the most important organizing principles of society.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A imprensa e a política no Estado do Pará nas eleições majoritárias de 2010: atores, interesses e conflitos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) CATETE, Karlla Gyselle Souza; SOUZA, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158504535308341The comparative analysis of editorial behavior of the two most relevant newspapers of the state of Pará – O Liberal and Diário do Pará – at the coverage of state government election and federal senate in 2010 was the main focus of this study, because of the rivalry and divergence that mark the relationship between these companies regarding political support to candidates and parties at local elections. This observation has intrigued us to verify if the companies used resources and/or strategies in favor o for against, through published information, groups to which they are aligned or reject, aiming to create a positive and/or negative perception of the candidates from the electorate. It also made us analyze if the creation of the law known as “Ficha Limpa” – Complementary Law nº. 135/2010 – has produced different conduct of the newspapers, trying to reach the elector, considering that, in Pará, two candidates to senate could have had their registration repealed if caught by this law – Jader Barbalho, from PMDB, and Paulo Rocha, from PT. The relation between media and politics in Pará is also established considering data from many scientific studies from other states, demonstrating then the economic and political interest of the analyzed companies, the real actors in this process that aims to influence the preens elector way to vote through journalism.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Literatura e imprensa em Belém do Grão-Pará: o romance-folhetim no periódico Diário de Notícias, nos anos de 1881 a 1893(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-02) CRUZ, Lady Ândrea Carvalho da; SALES, Germana Maria Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8723885160615840This work presents researches realized at the journal Diário de Notícias, from Belém, Pará, from 1881 to 1893, having as goal the recover of fictional texts, specially the feuilleton, genre which emerges from the intense relation between literature and journal in the 19th century. Is this period, the journal appears as an important communication media to culture and politics, considering its lower expense in comparison with the books. The feuilleton reaches, inside the journal, a great popularity among the readers. Between the recovered feuilletons, we choose to analyze the Negro e cor de rosa: o canto do cysne, by the French writer Georges Ohnet, published from July to August, 1887, inside the Diário de Notícias’s Folhetim section. We based our analysis in the studies of Jésus Martín-Barbero about the feuilleton’s enunciation mechanisms. With this research, we tried to investigate how the publishing market characterized itself in Belém, asking about the relation between the public’s taste and the strong presence of French writers, and the marketing’s relations between publishers and booksellers. In this way, the relevance of the studies in History of Book Lectures is emphasized, for it allows us a recovering work of information to the memory of the History of Brazilian Literature.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Mídia e política na eleição de 2006: oligarquização da informação e democratização das escolhas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-13) MARQUES, Rodolfo Silva; MORBACH, Marise Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6548225770072744In this paper, we discuss the relation between the deconcentration about the information and the search of the voter by other means of decision in the 2006 elections in Pará, the agreement between Media and Politics. The few editorial groups in order to inform the voter, are analyzed from the perspective of what Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos in "Poliarquia in 3D," called "oligarchyzation of the information”. It concludes that the media had no role in the choice of voters in the election of 2006. They continue to influence, but without the weight of old, just from the voter's choice to seek other sources of information outside of "the media oligarchy" and democratize their vote choices.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O mundo binoquiano: narrativas, mulheres e modernidades em Belém do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) NEVES, Maira Wanderley; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231This work leans over on the periodical O Binóculo, that circulated in Belém in the end of century XIX, from 1897. With narrative constructed around personages of demi-monde belenense, O Binóculo weaves in its pages a binoquiana society that circulates for urbe, considering questions specifies of that society, submerged in the ideals of modernity and progress and living under the sign of the Belle- Époque. In this direction, O Binóculo develops intimate dialogues with the press “criticizes and urban and social news” of the time and its representations. Therefore, it is only possible to understand as this periodical it is became possible in Belém, in ends of century XIX, if also to understand the discuss signs that formed the bellepoquiana city.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Paulo Maranhão x Magalhães Barata: censuras, intervenções e políticas no Pará durante a Era Vargas (1930-1945)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-28) LIMA, Marcos Bezerra; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073This dissertation aims to analyze the political clash between journalist Paulo Maranhão (1872-1966) and military officer Magalhães Barata (1888-1959) between 1930 and 1945, the period known as the Vargas Era. The main objective was to analyze the various mechanisms used by the two individuals to obtain, recover and maintain power in various areas of Pará society. Paulo Maranhão used the tools of journalism to attack Magalhães Barata, who had twice served as Pará’s federal interventor. In turn, Magalhães Barata relied on the state apparatus to defend himself and attack one of his main opponents, contributing to a dynamic of political disputes between the two that lasted almost 30 years. The research was divided into three phases: the initial phase referring to Magalhães Barata’s first stint in power (1930-1935); the second phase referring to the period in which the military politician was away from Pará (1936-1942); and finally, the third phase directed at Magalhães Barata’s return for his second term (1943-1945). Using contributions linked to the New Political History and its reformulations of various objects of analysis, including the media, I found that Paulo Maranhão used the newspaper Northern Leaf for his political agendas and disagreements, including the one against Magalhães Barata. In this way, the political nature of printed media and their power to intervene in the social dynamics of the period became a reality. As a result of the means used by both, it was possible to see episodes of violence, censorship, journalistic articles aimed at political attacks, among many other events, presented and analyzed during the three chapters of this dissertation. Based on a qualitative analysis of the sources, it was possible to work with some documentary poles for the construction of the research. I checked the documents in the Public Archives of the State of Pará (APEP), which refer to the relationships played out by members of the public authorities, be it Magalhães Barata himself or state departments. Another important collection of documents is in the Arthur Vianna Public Library, referring to the periodicals in the proposed section, such as of State of Pará and the Official State Diary, but mainly copies of the periodical Nothern Leaf, a newspaper run by Paulo Maranhão. Other sets of documents were used to a lesser extent, such as books published at the time which are in the rare works sector of the Arthur Vianna Public Library, newspapers available in the National Library’s Digital Hemeroteca, among other documents used during the work.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Quantos mundos há na arte? Crítica de arte em Belém do Pará (1896-1914)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-21) SOUZA, Gabriel Borges; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231In the passage from the 19th to the 20th century, the city of Belém do Pará experienced several transformations due to the synthesis between the economic boom related to the commercialization of intoxicated with the modernizing mentality characteristic of the period that became known by historiography as the ―Amazonian Belle Époque‖ (1870-1912). In the cultural sphere, intertwined with political projects, a circuit of Fine Arts exhibitions began to gain notoriety and become more dynamic, with Belém being requested, at the time, by several national and international artists to exhibit their works, mainly from 1905 when the foyer Theatro da Paz passed through its hall destined to the reception of exhibitions. This dissertation intends to follow a path of analysis reflecting on the role of art criticism in this circuit of exhibitions that has already been explained. Knowing that the press of the period has a direct influence on the publication of criticism, we will aim, from the analysis of two periodicals of the period as primary sources, to understand and problematize the role that critics and their published texts play in the consolidation and dissemination of the Belem's Fine Arts circuit of the centuries.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A “República de Saias”: trabalho feminino em Belém (1890-1920)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-12) GOMES, João Arnaldo Machado; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957In this thesis, I analyze women's labor in the city of Belém during the first three decades of the Brazilian Republic. By exploring the representations constructed about women within the context of the feminist movement's development in Europe and the United States, I establish a relationship between these representations and the daily lives of working women in Belém, who, in various ways, participated or sought to participate in the labor market. Considering the periodical press as a significant instrument for reproducing and disseminating these representations, I selected newspapers as my primary sources. These publications provided the most prevalent representations of women, albeit through fragmentary and scattered traces of the lives of women in the capital of Pará during this period. While newspapers were my main source, I also utilized other materials, such as Government Reports, as valuable tools for mapping different areas of the city. This approach allowed me to identify a female population engaged in various sectors of urban labor who, despite being subjected to rigid norms dictating female submission to male authority, devised ways to transcend these constraints. Through protests or gradual, silent actions, these women sought solutions and demanded rights that were socially and politically denied to them.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Sexualidades dissidentes em prosa: as representações das homossexualidades masculinas e das travestis na década de 1970 nos jornais de Belém/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-28) CASTRO, Alana Albuquerque de; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730The civil-military coup took place in 1964, and it would last until mid-1985, the year which would mark the beginning of a series of social, political, cultural and economic changes. During this period, more specifically in the 70's, homosexuality would rise to a prominent place, not only in Brazil but in the entire world. The gay power movement and the Sexual Revolution would bring to light an entire generation which was tired of hiding and denying its own desires. In this context, Belém was also a stage for great changes. The "Mainstream Media" supported the military regime and all of its "morality". On the other hand, however, Belém's youth was breaking free from its shackles and looking for ways to have their voice heard by society, either through attempts to organize themselves politically or through spaces of sociability. Homosexuality and transvestites were not invisible and these subjects were not willing to remain on the margins of society. With that said, this work seeks to comprehend what was the place of Gay Men and Transvestites in this society going through so many transformations and how these people were portrayed in the journalistic discourses about dissident sexualities made by the mainstream media (A Província do Pará, Folha do Norte/Folha Vespertina e O Liberal) in the 70's. For this, in addition to the newspapers, I conducted interviews with interlocutors who lived the period and all these changes mentioned, broadening my understanding of the dynamics of the period, the sociability, the spaces, the social political movement, the daily practices, behaviors and representations related to homosexuals and transvestites.