Navegando por Assunto "Indicadores ambientais"

Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade ambiental a partir de indicadores ambientais na área urbana de Paragominas-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-22) PEREIRA, Lucimar Costa; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
The rapid growth and the lack of policies for city planning provoke changes that affect the quality of life of the population. In this perspective, the analysis of environmental quality arises from the need to improve urban environmental conditions. Given this, the present research had as general objective, to evaluate the urban environmental quality in the city of Paragominas-PA, in the mesoregion of the southeast of Para. For this, the methodology developed by Vasques (2017) was adapted, based on objective analysis, using a system of urban environmental indicators, being the same, Water supply; Sewage collection and treatment; Household solid urban waste collection; Selective collection of solid waste; Flooded areas; Vegetable cover and free spaces. The procedures followed: definition of indicators and data collection; application of quantitative indices and spatial representation of each indicator and subsequent assessment and diagnosis of environmental quality. Inhabited blocks of the urban area were used as the spatial unit of analysis. Data analysis indicated that the entire study area has a water supply, provided by the Paragominas Sanitation Agency. Only 0.37 km² (3.04%) of the city are served by sewage collection and treatment services, restricted to condominiums and residences. The household waste collection is carried out in the entire urban area, while the selective collection mainly covers the central area and the nearby subdivisions, totaling 6.30 km² (51.90%) of the inhabited spaces. 1.85 km² (15.24%) of the inhabited spaces have already been affected by flooding in Paragominas. The data for vegetation cover showed a percentage of 15.43%. Data analysis indicated that 4.35 km² (35.83%) of inhabited places have public free spaces up to 300 m. The diagnosis of environmental quality showed that 77.31% (9.38 km²) of the urban area of Paragominas was classified as “intermediate environmental quality”, 19.20% (2.33 km²) as “best environmental quality” and 3.49% (0.42 km²) as “worst environmental quality”. The result had direct interference from the sewage collection and treatment indicator and the spatial distribution of free spaces, also influenced by vegetation cover. Considering the approaches carried out in this research, it is necessary to emphasize the need for urban planning by integrating social and environmental elements, so that the problems that affect the quality of urban life are remedied or minimized.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade e do potencial de implantação de uma reserva da biosfera no Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-13) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The sustainable development agenda has emerged as a new paradigm associated to the relationship between economic growth and the use of natural resources. Inasmuch, its assumptions should guarantee for future generations the balance between the processes of nature and society. The Man and Biosphere Program, launched in 1971, has been considered as one of the most important biological conservation programs of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The strategy of creating Biosphere Reserves (RB) has moved the scope from global policy to local implementation projects. These units have since 2008 taken on the task of consolidating pristine areas in the construction of sustainability, combining natural landscapes with sustainable use through the participation of local populations. In this context, this interdisciplinary research analyzed the environmental and economic conditions of the municipalities of Marajó, Pará, applying the tool Barometer of Sustainability (BS). In addition, such results were used in the analysis of the challenges for the implementation of a Biosphere Reserve in the Marajó. Of the municipalities that make up the Marajó territory, 13 were pointed as potentially unsustainable, and the remaining three fell within the intermediary range of sustainability. According to the Barometer of Sustainability scale, all municipalities demonstrated critical socio-environmental conditions, creating an additional challenge for the implementation of the Biosphere Reserve due to such development background.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da exploração madeireira na estrutura ecomorfológica das assembleias de peixes em riachos de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04) JACOB, Laís Lobato; PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0790796091423878; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2431; SILVA, Rogério Rosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5989181105383977
Changes resulting from logging modify the physical structure of stream habitats indirectly, and consequently the ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes in the physical structure of the habitat resulting from conventional logging (CL) and reduced-impact logging (RIL), in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of streams of the Eastern Amazon, verifying (1) which variables of the physical structure of the habitat are associated to the different methods of exploration; (2) if there is a difference in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of the different treatments, and (3) which ecomorphological characters are associated with physical variables of the habitat. In each stream 14 physical variables of the habitat were measured, as well as fish samples collected using hand nets. The collected specimens were affected in Eugenol, fixed in 10% formalin and after 48h transferred to 70% alcohol. Possible differences in habitat structure and ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages between treatments were evaluated by Multiple Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA). The relationships between the habitat variables and the ecomorphological characters were evaluated through Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The structure of the streams habitat differed among all treatments, with control areas showing higher vegetation cover and higher average substrate size. As for ecomorphology, we also found that there was a difference in ecomorphological structure among all treatments. In EC environments, species with greater relative head length, with the wider pectoral fin and with more compressed caudal peduncle were predominant in these environments; in control areas, species with wider mouth were favored; and in RIL areas, more flattened species were predominant. Logging affects the habitat structure of the streams, resulting in loss of plant cover and average substrate size. There was a reduction of plant cover and average substrate size in areas of EC and RIL areas. In this sense, it is believed that both the EC and the RIL have the potential to alter the ecomorphological structure, and consequently the ecosystem services provided by the assemblages of fish from streams in the Amazon. So even if EIR reduces damage to forests, it is failing to protect the ecosystems of streams, since changes have been observed in these environments when compared to control areas. However greater efforts should be employed to fully understand such a relationship and proportions that the damage can cause to the ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) mapping of oil spill in the amazon coastal zone: the PIATAM Mar project
(2009) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; PROST, Maria Thereza Ribeiro da Costa; MIRANDA, Fernando Pellon de; SALES, Maria Emília Cruz; BORGES, Heloisa Vargas; COSTA, Francisco Ribeiro da; ALMEIDA, Edson Faria de; NASCIMENTO JUNIOR, Wilson da Rocha
The importance of environmental monitoring is clear from the many oil spills that have occurred over the past three decades. This has encouraged both companies and the public sector involved in the prevention and response to these accidents to develop efficient procedures to minimize the damage caused by accidents involving oil spill. This study reviews the history of oil spill accidents in Brazil and examines how these events have contributed to the development of technological research through partnerships involving oil companies, government, universities and research institutes, with the emphasis on the Amazon coastal zone. As a result, environmental sensitivity indexes (ESIs) for oil spill have been developed specifically for the Amazon coast, where fluvial and marine processes take place in the estuary of the world's largest river system. Perspectives on research and emergency response procedures are presented, with the primary objective of conserving the social-environmental diversity of the planet's most important tropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de sustentabilidade como ferramentas para a implantação de projetos REDD: uma proposta ao estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-03) OLIVEIRA, Wendell Andrade de; MITSCHEIN, Thomas Adalbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431424927108512
The high rates of deforestation and forest degradation in the Amazon, especially in the State of Pará, have been one of the biggest challenges for Brazil to reach the "ecologically balanced environment" provided by its Constitution, as well as the country to meet targets for reducing global emissions of greenhouse gases, observing the context of Climate Change. Given the unsustainability of the current model, a new logic process gains space and strength and one of its new components is the valuation of environmental services provided by Nature as a way of linking economy and environment, by applying the sustaintability principle. Thus, the mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation – REDD outstands and has broaden ground in recent years, including under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s base, as a possible alternative to ally economic dividends and environmental conservation on behalf of local development of local of social groups maintainers of forest areas. Even not having a specific legal framework under international, national and state level, and being technically under a major development, REDD experiences have started and became real in developing countries with large forest potential such as Brazil. In attention to the fragility of this situation, we attempted to propose a set of sustainability indicators in four dimensions - environmental, economic, social and institutional - aiming to contribute with a basic methodology to technically guide the state's decision-making regarding the implementation of REDD projects targeting the efficiency of such projects and the increasing participation of the State as development promoter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da perturbação ambiental na assembleia de pequenos mamíferos nãovoadores na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06) SOTOMAYOR, Omar Santiago Erazo; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-9678
Anthropogenic environmental disturbance results in different structural modifications of the forest, which can lead to changes in species composition patterns, taxonomic and functional diversity. We evaluated the influence of environmental disturbance on the structure and diversity of assemblies of non-flying small mammals in the eastern Amazon. We analyzed species composition, richness and abundance and their functional characters as assemblage descriptors, considering their environmental variations, in three levels of environmental disturbance: (i) forest interior; (ii) edge of the forest; and (iii) rural space. The diversity α (taxonomic and functional) remained relatively constant through the levels of anthropogenic environmental disturbance. However, in the taxonomic diversity β, the assemblage of the forest-edge community presents abundance gradients, where they share most of their species, but some individuals of the edge are lost in the forest. On the other hand, the rural forest and rural edge assemblages present a balanced variation of abundance, in which individuals of some species of forest and border areas are replaced by individuals of different species in rural space. Among the morphological attributes we observed subtler responses of the community, small mammals characterized by a larger tail predominate in forest areas and those characterized by a larger foot predominate in rural areas. We conclude that the morphological attributes (tail and foot length) are determining factors in the assemblage composition patterns of the small non-flying mammals and their habitat selection in environments facing anthropic impacts. The changes and patterns identified in our study are of crucial importance for biodiversity management and conservation plans.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A inundação sazonal e a topografia como indicadoras ambientais da regeneração natural em uma floresta ombrófila densa aluvial na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-13) SILVA, Julie Andrews de França e; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of seasonal flooding and topography in the floristic composition, structure and life form of the natural regeneration in a alluvial dense rain forest in the eastern Amazon. The Environmental Protection Area, Combu Island, were installed four permanent plots of 20 x 20 m, divided into subplots of 1 x 1 m, Between the months of december/2014 to july/2015 all the species and their individuals were identified, quantified, grouped into size categories (CT): CT1= height < 15 cm; CT2= 15,1 < height < 30 cm; CT3= 30,1 < height < 1 m) and subsequently classified according to the life form. The phytosociological parameters calculated were density and relative frequency category of relative size, relative natural regeneration and diversity. Floristic similarity of the plots were performed by the Bray-Curtis index and the dendogram by UPGMA using the statistical Program R 3.1.1. In each plot were set five sticks 1.5 m for the dayle monitoring of the water level in two periods, the rainy season (february to april/2015) and less rainy season (may to july/2015). They were recorded in the rayne season 10,217 individuals, 30 families, 49 genera and 63 species, with an average of flood of 2.88 cm; the less rainy period with 10,124 individuals, 29 families, 46 genera and 59 species did not occur flood in the plots. In both periods, the floristic composition was similar, with no significant difference. Species like Pariana campestris, Anthurius sinuatum, Costus spicatus and Costus arabicus were the most representative, proving to be tailored to the two seasonal periods. The life form tree was dominant in number of species and the herbaceous life form in individuals. The CT1 presented to fewer individuals, unlike CT2. Thus, tide levels did not affect the natural regeneration, indicating species survival between periods. The topographic analysis was performed with the aid of a geodetic GPS Garmim GPS Map, 62s model, by collecting of 20 points of altitude in the four plots. The variation of topography influenced the number of families, genera and species, where the highest plots showed the highest values of families, genera and species. In many species, the life form predominant was tree and herbaceous in individuals. Pariana campestris and Anthurium sinuatum were dominant in all plots, indicating that not influenced by the change in altitude.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pez-cebra (Danio rerio) como modelo de bienestar animal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10) VASQUEZ, Jhon Jairo Buenhombre; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-9662
Zebrafish has become an important model for various disciplines such as neuroscience and the testing of new pharmacological molecules. Therefore, the way in which it is housed and the consequences of its accommodation on its well-being represent an important aspect to study. Very few studies have evaluated the effect of environmental enrichment on the welfare of zebrafish and its negative or positive impacts have yet to be elucidated. An important challenge is to establish the consequences not only of the presence of enrichment but also of its loss. Likewise, the form of presentation of a stimulus, either predictably or unpredictably, influences the physiological and behavioural responses of the animal. Therefore, the form of presentation of the enrichment represents another important aspect to assess. The evaluation of emotional (affective) states is crucial for the study of zebrafish welfare, in particular to evaluate the influences of the environment on the animal. However, directly assessing these states is difficult due to their subjective nature. Therefore, the current approach focuses on estimating them from the resulting physiological and behavioral components. Today there are robust standardized tests that assess and correlate neuroendocrine responses with well-established behavioural assessment criteria for stress and anxiety in zebrafish. However, there are no similar tests to measure positive emotional states in this species. An alternative metric to assess both the positive and negative affective states of animals is the cognitive bias. These tests allow researchers to infer an individual's emotional state from cognition. Therefore, the evaluation of apparently negative (Unpredictable conditions and absence or loss of enrichment) and positive ones (Predictable conditions and presence or gain of enrichment) accommodation contrasts through a type of cognitive bias (cognitive judgment bias (CJB) in zebrafish may constitute a promising model to understand the effects of housing on affective states and well-being in this fish. Additionally, it has been shown that individual variations such as personality influence the central nervous system, behaviour and cognitive judgment bias results in other species. These differences and their impacts on zebrafish have not yet been studied. Consequently, the general objective of this thesis was to establish if the cognitive judgment bias can be used in zebrafish for the evaluation of positive and negative emotional states produced by environmental modifications and its relationship with personality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reconhecimento e mapeamento dos ambientes costeiros para geração de mapas de ISA ao derramamento de óleo, Amazônia oriental
(2009) BOULHOSA, Messiana Beatriz Malato; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e
Accidents related to exploration and oil transport are a threat to coast zones around the world. Oil spills are an ecological disaster that may cause irreparable damage to the environment. In the northeast cost of Pará state the intense flow of ships and rafts transporting petroleum and flowed, then the need to establish prevention strategies and administration of the environmental sensitivity about the oil spills in a certain part of Pará state northeast cost. The methodology consisted on processing digital images from remote sensors in the Landsat ETM+7 associated to data from the SRTM (shuttle radar topography mission) digital model of elevation, and to the field data collected in a GIS (geographical information system) environment. The most important results allowed: recognizing and describing five main geomorphological; identifying and classifying nine units of Environmental Sensitivity Rates (ISA) and creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Rates map to oil spill. The remote sensors techniques and SIG proved to be important tools for recognizing coast environments and for generating proposed maps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recuperação de áreas de reserva legal: influência da densidade nos indicadores ambientais do plantio de Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) NARDUCCI, Tainah Silva; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
The legal reserve is an area located within farm, provided the Brazilian Forest Code, which must be protected and present covered by natural vegetation, necessary for the conservation, protection of fauna and flora and rehabilitation of ecological processes, and serve as for ecological corridors for the gene flow species. Many properties have these deforested areas, altered and in advanced stages of degradation, making it important to study the behavior of plantations of fast-growing species in order to accelerate the restoration of natural vegetation and propose more effective techniques to recover these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of homogeneous density planting Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel, at seven and a half years old, as a catalyst effect of the regeneration process. The experiment is located in Genesis Farm, Dom Eliseu, Pará. Avaluated the growth and investigate that precipitation interferes with the diametric growth of the trees, it was installed in blocks, random plots with four replicates per treatment. To characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of natural regeneration under plantation were installed in each treatment (spacing), plots with eight repetitions for three classes of evaluation of regeneration. And to characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of the soil seed bank were installed randomly eight points of the soil collect with four replications for each treatment, were collect four composite samples from eight and taken to the greenhouse at Embrapa - CPATU which were placed in plastic trays and watered daily, this experiment was a period of four months and every thirty days the germinated seedlings were counted and identified by a botanical. The trees were higher in the 4m x 2m spacing, larger diameter in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater survival in 4m x 4m spacing. Natural regeneration showed a greater similarity in floristic composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 3m, the values of Shannon diversity index were high and did not differ statistically between the spacings. The seed bank showed greater richness of seedlings in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater similarity in composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 4m. The species diversity at level 5% of significance did not differ between the spacings. The results demonstrated that the areas have been recovered and that some techniques may be applied seeking to reduce costs and through appropriate management will can accelerate the ecological processes of natural regeneration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento e a demanda material da economia: o caso do Brasil comparado ao de países industrializados
(2000-12) MACHADO, José Alberto da Costa; FENZL, Norbert
This paper deals with the relation Society-Environment. Based on the System Theory, a theoretical background is established to understand that relation and, at same time, to enable the operational access to its dynamics. Then, a methodological approach, focused on material flows accountability of the economic process, is connected to that theoretical matrix. From this approach, known as Material Flow Analysis (MFA), the Economic-Environmental Metabolism was examined in detail. This concept allows to quantify the energy and material demand of an economy. The analysis of the Total Material Demand (TMD) enables us to know the ecological efficiency of any economic process and allows us to elaborate environmental impact indicators of antropic activities. This study produced an appropriate methodology that was applied to measure the TMD of Brazil and to compare it with the TMD of the USA, Germany, Japan and The Netherlands. The results demonstrated that the methodology is capable of identifying relevant ecological features of the economy, showing that the economic system has its own logic and that in the present conditions it is increasingly unsustainable in relation to the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) com base em sua especificidade ambiental em riachos impactados pela mineração na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03) PÉREZ, Juan Mateo Rivera; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-4386; FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7380463661182614; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-4719
Knowing aquatic diversity and understanding how different species are distributed in time and space has become one of the main focuses of research in ecology in recent decades. This is mainly due to the rapid environmental changes caused by human activities. In this scenario, aquatic insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) are used to monitor environmental conditions because they are sensitive to these changes. The intensity of the response depends directly on the breadth of the niche of each taxon given the variability and changes in the habitat. With the general objective of investigating the effects of iron mining based on the environmental specificity of EPT in streams of the Carajás National Forest in Pará, over six years, this dissertation is divided into two chapters. In the first, we classified EPT taxa into generalists and specialists and evaluated whether the estimated abundance and richness of these groups vary according to the level of alteration of the streams impacted by mining activities. In the second, we evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of the beta diversity of generalist and specialist EPT. In both studies, EPT data sampled annually in 24 streams over six years were used in streams conserved and impacted by mining in the Carajás Flona. A total of 49,922 individuals distributed in 59 genera were collected, of which 31 were classified as specialists and 28 as habitat generalists. In the first chapter, we verified that there was a negative effect of mining on the estimated wealth and a positive effect on the abundance of specialist genera. On the other hand, the abundance and estimated wealth of generalists were negatively influenced by the mining effect. In the second chapter, no differences were found in gender composition or heterogeneity between treatments. However, over time, both generalists and specialists changed their composition. Mining affects the communities of EPT generalists and specialists, in particular, specialists from sites impacted by mining that showed an increase in their abundances, possibly due to the expansion of habitat made available by the process of habitat homogenization. For generalists, gender loss was the main component in temporal beta diversity, while specialists showed gender gains and losses. Therefore, mining has affected communities of both generalist and specialist groups over the years, despite their habitat specificity, presenting different patterns of environmental changes.