Navegando por Assunto "Indigenous peoples"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511
In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ausência eloquente: ciência política brasileira, povos indígenas e o debate acadêmico canadense contemporâneo
(Universidade de Brasília, 2020-12) SOARES, Leonardo Barros
An empirical analysis of the Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações of the CAPES and of seven important Brazilian political science journals over the last twenty years shows a significative lack of interest in researching Indigenous issues. This paper uses bibliometric analysis and carries out an extensive literature review of 2,621 papers and 47 Master’s theses and doctoral dissertations to prove this claim and to present to Brazilian readers political science research on Indigenous peoples in Canada, highlighting topics of interest. We then present some critical views of Indigenous policy and studies on this topic in that country. We conclude by calling for the Brazilian political science community, both scholars and students, to establish a research agenda on this important segment of the country’s population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inovação social nos veículos jornalísticos independentes: um olhar para as narrativas sobre povos indígenas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-02) DUARTE, Glenda Suelem Magno; CUNHA, Elaide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3778190981135428; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-7055
This dissertation seeks to analyze and understand the manifestations of innovation in journalism by looking at the productions of the following journalistic vehicles: InfoAmazonia, Agência Pública and Amazônia Real. The three of them classify themselves as independent vehicles and prioritize the Amazon in their posts. In order to compose the research corpus and delimit the investigated theme, a total of 38 reports on indigenous peoples in the region were selected. As the main theoretical references on communication and innovation in journalism, this research is based on studies by Rosseti (2013), Barbosa (2014), Longhi and Flores (2017), Pedro Varoni (2017), Martins (2018, 2021), Longhi (2020), Martins and Sousa (2020), Storch and Feil (2021), among others. A qualitative methodological approach is adopted, through State of the Art research techniques, with Norma Ferreira (2002) and Sampaio and Mancini (2007), and Content Analysis, with Laurence Bardin (2011). Among the innovation axes identified in the state of the art, we used the 'narrative' axis as a category of analysis. Based on this proposal, we sought to understand whether this and/or others axes of innovation in journalism are present in the analyzed reports and how they are constituted and delineated in these productions. It was based on the hypothesis that independent vehicles have their own way of addressing the matter of indigenous peoples, focused on a narrative of social nature that seeks to value the protagonism of these peoples in their approaches. With this, the main results point to the themes 'indigenous female protagonism', 'invasion of indigenous lands', 'politics', 'resistance', 'covid-19 (health)' and 'violence', contributing to the understanding of the social dimension of innovation in independent journalism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Invisibilidade, apagamento e estereótipos de povos indígenas no espaço escolar: um diálogo com Manoela e Suzana Karipuna e suas perspectivas sobre ser indígena mulher
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-14) SOARES, Ana Cláudia Dutra; LINHARES, Anna Maria Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3081434819616255; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-9259
This dissertation aims to carry out a debate regarding the invisibility and historical erasure of indigenous peoples and indigenous women, the stereotyped concepts and prejudices that permeate generations and are still part of reality and everyday school life, through a debate with the indigenous Ana Manoela Primo and Suzana Primo, from the Karipuna peoples of Amapá, emphasizing that, by raising a debate about the historical invisibility of indigenous women, it is possible to bring up their situation, their struggles, reflections and violence still suffered, as well as provide a bridge with decolonial feminism and its role in understanding the Latin American context with regard to gender and race. It is a fact that the school environment is also a space for the propagation of violence, because by relegating a specific people and gender to historical clandestinity, it determines the construction of stereotypes about their culture and historical participation. The research will be carried out with the students of the 9th grade classes of the E.M.E.F. Mayor Oton Gomes de Lima, located in the city of Moju-Pa, and the work aims, in addition to carrying out a bibliographical analysis, debates with students and interviews with indigenous women to discuss their perceptions about the historical condition of the original peoples of Brazil and their respective genres.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças geoecológicas na terra indígena Paquiçamba com exploração hidroelétrica do rio Xingu - Amazônia Centro-Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-22) SILVA, Nadson de Pablo Costa; PAULA, Eder Mileno Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647718165947306; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6895-2126; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
Human action, guided by the logic of "progress", has intensely altered the natural landscape, exploiting the environment without considering its capacity for regeneration. In this way, understanding nature's capacity to regenerate is fundamental to developing strategies that can mitigate the various environmental impacts, or even be able to remedy such interventions, especially in areas of socio-environmental vulnerability, such as indigenous lands. Therefore, the study area is the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land located in the Greater Xingu, which has been experiencing an intense process of occupation and environmental impacts. From the 1970s onwards, public policies boosted the occupation of the Amazon, with projects to open roads and create settlements in the region. More recently, the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant has created new challenges for the TI. In this context, the problem of changes to the environment of the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land has arisen, which has significantly altered the lives of the Juruna indigenous people of the Volta Grande do Xingu. The research analyzed the change in water and land within the boundaries of the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land, from a Geoecological perspective, which was guided by Bertrand (2004), Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2013), Rodrigues and Silva (2013; 2019), Souza (2010), Paula (2017). The geoecological compartmentalization and analysis of changes in the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land between 2011 and 2023 showed intense changes. The main one is the decrease in the flooded area, which went from 4,911.27 hectares in 2011 to 2,854.03 hectares in 2023, a reduction of 41.88%. This reduction, attributed to the construction of the Pimental dam in 2016, caused significant changes in the area. Beach areas decreased, while rocky areas increased from 1,477.80 hectares in 2011 to 1,889.80 hectares in 2023. Navigable areas have also been reduced, directly impacting the lives of the Juruna indigenous people who depend on the rivers for fishing, transportation and access to resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Necroterritórios: Territorialização e desterritorialização dos povos indígenas como estratégias necropolíticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06) OLIVEIRA, Manoel Rufino David de
This study aims to analyze the territory as a necropolitical technology for the production of death of indigenous peoples, based on the theory of Achille Mbembe and Rogério Haesbaert. Firstly, we discussed the concept of necropolitics, and then we explained the historic process of genocide of indigenous peoples. Third, we analyzed the territory as a necropolitical technology for the production of death of these peoples, mainly based on practices of territorialization and deterritorialization. The research is exploratory and adopts the deductive method, using bibliographic and documentary review as research tools. In the end, we concluded that the territories in the Cerrado and in the Amazon are truly necroterritories, in which processes of territorialization and deterritorialization capture the lives of indigenous peoples and produce their mass extermination in response to the needs of agribusiness capital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Povos indígenas & diásporas leituras sobre deslocamentos forçados no Relatório Figueiredo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-25) FERREIRA, Bianca Monteiro Porto da Cunha; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043X
This study aims to analyze the cases of forced displacement of indigenous peoples registered in Relatório Figueiredo (RF), a document stemmed from investigations carried out by Comissão de Inquérito Administrativo in 1967, instituted by determination of Ministério do Interior and chaired by Jader de Figueiredo Correia – who names the document. The purpose of the inquiry commission was to investigate administrative deviations in the performance of SPI – Serviço de Proteção aos Indios – an indigenous body. Among other issues, the RF reports, the forced displacement of indigenous groups from their territories, processes involving the use of physical violence, torture and, at times, the extermination of entire groups. These involuntary movements are understood as diasporic experiences, considering that in addition to the loss of land (totally or partially), the forced displacements have led to the spreading and death of indigenous groups, disaggregation of families and precariousness of living conditions – effects which are still resented now a days by the people who have undergone such experiences. The ensuing reflection was based on the analysis of the seven thousand pages of the RF, distributed in thirty volumes, on the hearing of collected materials from the investigation by Comissão de Inquérito Administrativo, service orders, internal bulletins, meeting minutes, lease agreements, among other types of documents, from where the diasporic categories referring to forced displacement were taken. It is argued that the with drawal of the indigenous people from their lands consisted of State policy with the aim of promoting the liberation of areas for the purpose of economic exploitation, favoring local and regional elites, with the acquiescence of the SPI. The policy of forced displacement – of genocidal nature – hasits roots in the processes of coloniality, which seek to racialize human groups, forging hierarchies between whites and non-whites, in such way that out of a shallow perception of body features, one would automatically be able to identify a specific people or social group as inferior, thus promoting the dehumanization of these individuals. It is concluded, therefore, that despite the genocidal potential of the forced displacement policy– once the territorial issue is at the heart of all violations of the rights of indigenous peoples – these populations, over the years, have remained in struggle and overcoming attempts to obliterate their lives, their communities and their history.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A preservação ancestral: a mobilização indígena pelo patrimônio arqueológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-31) ANDRADE, André Luis dos Santos; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481
The objective of this thesis is to show how the contemporary struggle of indigenous peoples for archaeological heritage is directly related to the historical exclusion they experienced in the process of formation of Brazil. To do so, we started by analyzing the actions of the Apiaká, Munduruku and Kayabi ethnic groups, who between 2010 and 2019 claimed the right to possess twelve funeral urns belonging to their ancestors, which were removed from their sacred location due to the construction of the Teles hydroelectric plant. Pires and were kept at the Alta Floresta Museum (MT). Their dispute for the right to vote is within the scope of a broader struggle: the right to their way of preserving archaeological heritage. Thus, in different manifestos and interviews, indigenous people question how the preservation of cultural heritage in Brazil was and is thought of. Therefore, this study also investigates how, following the creation of SPHAN (Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico Artístico Nacional), in 1937, temporal and conceptual landmarks were established regarding the origin of preservation policy and cultural heritage. In the perspective proposed by the first director of SPHAN, Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade, the genuineness of Brazil would be in baroque art and colonial architecture, as they would be productions of a civilization with “technical superiority”. This understanding, however, was not a consensus among intellectuals who gave relevance to archaeological heritage. Within the scope of this underlying dispute around heritage hierarchies, historiographical silences were constructed, in relation to the importance of Museums, and social silences, in the exclusion of indigenous people in the process of formation of archaeological and ethnographic collections that materialized the national narrative. However, when analyzing the demands of indigenous peoples for the return of archaeological urns, we note that Museums or unofficial musealization initiatives, such as the Center for the Preservation of Indigenous Art and Science, which existed in Alter do Chão in the 1990s, Since the middle of the 20th century, they have been seeking new ways of acting within society, in which racist and ethnocentric practices lose space for new theoretical perspectives, such as decolonial and even indigenous perspectives. In these terms, indigenous peoples are keen to establish a distinction in relation to the cultural heritage of non-indigenous people: indigenous heritage maintains a living relationship with nature and ancestry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resposta à diversidade: políticas afirmativas para povos tradicionais, a experiência da Universidade Federal do Pará
(Núcleo de Antropologia da Sociedades Indígenas e Tradicionais, 2011-12) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; CUNHA, Mainá Jailson Sampaio
Research analyzes the Admissions Program and the new reality of affirmative action measures at the Federal University of Pará, its context and implications. A special interest regards higher education and cultural diversity. Study reflects upon the goals of such policy; the different arguments among actors involved; the institutional conduct; and the benefits and difficulties faced to implement the program. The principle that guides the study understands the rights of indigenous populations in their access to University and sees the measures as a victory of the indigenous movement. Challenges remain, though, at two levels: first, it is necessary to develop policy to face institutional and social resistance to the implementation of the program; second, it is paramount to support the indigenous students in their needs in their new academic life.