Navegando por Assunto "Insetos"

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Análise cladística e descrição de um grupo novo de espécies de Edessa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Valéria Juliete da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The suborder Heteroptera, is one of the largest hemimetabolic taxa and currently composed by seven infraorders, 23 superfamilies and 80 families. Pentatomidae is the fourth most numerous and diverse family among heteropterans having 4100 species in 760 genera and seven subfamilies. Edessinae has almost 290 species distributed in six genera: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora and Doesburgedessa. Among these genera Edessa concentrates almost all species as well as most of the taxonomical and nomenclatural problems of the subfamily. Due to its size, the revision is being made in parts, from the study of groups of species united by characteristics that are possible synapomorphies.Thus, the aim of this work is to propose and describe a new group of species based on a cladistic analysis. For the study were examined 114 specimens belonging to national and international collections. Descriptions were made following a traditional method also used for Edessinae. Photos and measurements of the species, line art drawings from metasternal process and genitalia of both sexes, key and distribution map are also provided. For the cladistic analysis 22 morphological characters were raised and polarized using an out group composed of Tibilis sp., Neotibilis fulvicornis, Brachystethus cribrus, Pantochlora vivida, Olbia elegans, Peromatus sp., Doesburgedessa elongatispina, Edessa cervus and Edessa affinis. Analysis was performed using NONA and a single tree with 30 steps, Consistency Index=0,93 and Retention Index=0,97 was obtained. Based on this analysis, the monophyly of the target group of species was confirmed. Thus, the group stolida is here proposed to include four species already described (Edessa stolida (Linnaeus, 1758), Edessa heymonsi Breddin, 1904, Edessa verhoeffi Breddin, 1904 and Edessa paravinula Barber, 1935) and five new species. The group stolida of Edessa is recognized by a protruding process of the posterior side of segment X; medial region of paramere with a triangular projection; absence of a distal band or tuft of hair on segment X; and gonapophyse 8 sclerotized. Species of the group stolida were differentiated only by the external genitalia of both sexes. The cladistic analysis supports the traditional view and the stolida group should be considered part of the subgenus Hypoxys of Edessa. Topology of the cladograma resultant is (Tibilis sp + Neotibilis fulvicornis (Brachystethus cribrus (Pantochlora vivida ((Doesburgedessa elongatispina + Edessa cervus (Peromatus sp. + Olbia elegans)) (Edessa affinis ((Edessa sp. nov 3 + Edessa sp. nov 3a) ((Edessa sp. nov 2 (Edessa verhoeffi+ Edessa heymonsi)) (Edessa stolida (Edessa sp. nov 4 (Edessa paravinula + Edessa sp. nov 5 ))))))))). The female of Edessa stolida and male of Edessa verhoeffi were described here for the first time. The records of species distribution are expanded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aptidão reprodutiva e acasalamentos em condições artificiais na abelha sem ferrão Melipona flavolineata Friese (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) VEIGA, Jamille Costa; MENEZES, Cristiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845970576214577; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) coletados em unidades de conservação estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
(2006-06) TESTON, José Augusto; SPECHT, Alexandre; DI MARE, Rocco Alfredo; CORSEUIL, Elio
Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) collected in protected unities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyze the composition of the Arctiinae communities at Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto (Barracão), Parque Estadual de Rondinha (Sarandí), Parque Estadual do Turvo (Derrubadas) and at Reserva Biológica de Ibirapuitã (Alegrete). Ten light traps were used to collect the lepidopterous from November/2000 to February/2001, sampling one nigth per area. The lepidopterous were identified at subfamily and tribe levels and, when it was possible, at genera and species levels. A total 5,969 Arctiinae belonging to 137 morpho species, distributed in 6 tribes were collected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das comunidades de formigas em uma área de extração madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-07-30) KETELHUT, Suzana Maria; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
This work presents a comparative study of ant fauna communities inhabiting in a primary tropical forest and two types of logging systems (Managed and Traditional) located in Paragominas, PA, Brazil. From each area, ants were sampled using pitfall traps (Majer & Delabie 1994) in six 200m transects separated from each other by 100m. Differences in ant fauna diversity in the three forest types were tested using índices of diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Fisher's Alpha) and richness estimates protocols (Colwell Coddington 1994). Species composition was evaluated through affinity analysis (Scheiner 1992) and indices of similarity (jaccard and Morisita-Horn). A total of 134 ant species belonging to seven subfamilies and 42 genera were identified in the entire area. From these, 90 species were found in Primary Forest, 90 in Managed logged forest and 84 in the Traditional logged Forest. Differences between habitats could be detected by comparing diversity and similarity indices in different transects/habitats. There were no differences in índices when absolute values were compared for each habitat. Results from richness estimate protocols indicate that ant fauna was similar between habitats and suggests that ant fauna diversity was underestimated. Periodic variations on pluviosity had a strong effect on diversity and richness estimates in the three forest types. The ant fauna composition was similar between habitats; however, a high mosaic diversity could be detected by using affinity analysis, suggesting that the ant community is composed of complex gradients. Thus differences in ant composition would be detectable at smaller scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) em córregos do cerrado matogrossense sob diferentes níveis de preservação ambiental
(2011-09) SOUZA, Hilton Marcelo de Lima; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; JUEN, Leandro
The effect of different stream environmental preservation levels, in 1st to 4th orders, over the richness, abundance, similarity in the composition and the potential of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) species as bioindicators were investigated in a Cerrado region located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of twenty species/morphospecies were catalogued from the 1752 samples of nymphs, resulting in a new record for two species in Brazil. Values of Habitat Integrity Index (HII) were categorized among damaged, modified, and preserved environments. Species richness was different between sites, being greater in disturbed habitats. Total abundance was higher among preserved and altered environments, and differed significantly from the degraded areas. The NMDS analysis indicates that, in preserved and modified sites, the similarity in the composition of species differs from degraded areas. Four species showed a positive relationship with increasing values of HII. Baetidae showed environmental indicator species with different levels of preservation, with Zelusia principalis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 and Baetodes sp. being indicators of preserved environments and Aturbina nigra Salles, Boldrini & Shimano, 2011, Callibaetis sp. 2, Camelobaetidius aff. janae, Paracloeodes binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1996 and Waltzoyphius roberti Thomas & Peru, 2002 as indicators of modified environments. The knowledge on the ecology of species advances in terms of providing subsidies for the biomonitoring of basins and the use of indicator species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Califorídeos (Diptera, Oestroidea) associados a cadáveres suínos em uma área de cerrado na Reserva Ecológica do Inhamum, Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil: subsídios para aplicação em processos forenses
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-22) SILVA, José Orlando de Almeida; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
The objective of this study was to determine the fauna and the pattern in the temporal distribution of blow flies collected visting or reared from pig carcasses in a cerrado area at the Reserva Ecológica do Inhamum (REI), Caxias, MA. Two experiments were performed, one in the dry season (July and August of 2010) and the another in the rainy season (March and April of 2011). In each experiment three pig carcasses weighing 12 kg each were utilized. The carcasses were placed inside wire metal cages to prevent the access of large scavengers. A suspended trap was placed above each cage to capture adult blow flies that visited the pig carcass. Trays containing sawdust were placed under the cages in order to collect larvae leaving the carcass for pupation. A total of 51,234 specimens was collected. Of these, 25,093 adults were collected in the suspended traps and 26,141 adults were reared from the carcasses. The following species were identified: Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1843), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Hemilucilia benoisti Séguy, 1925, Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805), Hemilucilia townsendi Shannon, 1926, Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1818) and Lucilia sp1. Chrysomya rufifacies and H. townsendi are new records for Brazil. Cochliomyia macellaria and C. idioidea were the most abundant among the adults collected in traps, and C. albiceps and C. rufifacies were most abundant among reared specimens. The species of Hemilucilia were the only ones not reared from the carcasses. The mean time of decomposition of the pig carcasses was 10 days, and there was no difference between carcasses exposed in dry and rainy seasons. In adition, the duration of each decomposition stage did not vary between the two seasons. The duration of the stages was different, and the fermentation stage was the longest. Lucilia eximia, C. idioidea and C. macellaria, collected in the traps, were the pioneers in colonizing the pig carcasses, and they were found in all stages of decomposition. However, only L. eximia showed an association with the Initial stage, according to the IndVal index. The larvae of L. eximia were the first to leave the carcasses for pupation, followed by C. macellaria, C. albiceps and C. rufifacies. According to the IndVal index, the adults of H. townsendi and H. benoisti collected in the traps, were the only species that showed an association with only one stage, the Bloated stage. Chrysomya rufifacies and C. megacephala showed an association with the Black Putrefaction and Fermentation stages. The other species showed an association with four stages. With respect to species reared from carcasses, L. eximia and C. macellaria were the only ones that showed an association with the Bloat stage, and C. rufifacies and C. albiceps were the only species that had an association with the Dry Decay stage. The abundance values of L. eximia, C. idioidea, C. macellaria, C. albiceps, and C. rufifacies, collected in the traps, were different between the stages of decomposition, and the Black Putrefaction was the more attractive to these species. The abundance values of C. albiceps, C. rufifacies, and L. eximia, reared from the carcasses, were different between the stages, and the Dry Decay and Black Putrefaction stages showed the higher abundance of Chrysomya species and L. eximia, respectively. The species of L. eximia and C. idioidea, collected in the traps, and reared specimens of C. rufifacies were more abundant in the rainy season. With respect to the specimens collected in the traps, the ordination analyses showed that the community of blow flies has higher similarity between the Black Putrefaction, Fermentation and Dry Decay stages, due to higher richness and abundance values. However, with respect to the reared species, the community of the Fermentation and Dry Decay stages were the most similar. These results contribute to understanding the successional process of visitors adults and reared larvae of blow flies during the decomposition of pig carcasses in a cerrado area of the state of Maranhão.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização do grupo Edessa rufomarginata e descrição de sete novas espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(2006-09) SILVA, Eduardo José Ely e; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; GRAZIA, Jocélia
The Edessa group rufomarginata is proposed to include E. rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773), E. marginalis (Dallas, 1851), E. albomarginata (Stål, 1855), E. abdominalis Erichson, 1848, E. corallipes Erichson, 1848, E. aulacosterna Stål, 1872, E. ovalis Stål, 1872, and E. nigropunctata Berg, 1884. Seven new species are described in this group, six from Brazil and one from Argentina: E. brasiliensis sp. nov., E. castaneolineata sp. nov., E. cerradensis sp. nov., E. chapadensis sp. nov., E. luteovenulata sp. nov., E. rufodorsata sp. nov. (Argentina) and E. virididorsata sp. nov. These species are known from Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição de espécies de Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) no sul do Brasil: relação entre tipos de vegetação e entre a configuração espacial do hábitat
(2009-06) FERRO, Viviane Gianluppi; TESTON, José Augusto
We describe the beta-diversity pattern of the Arctiidae in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) and assess whether this pattern is related to similarities in vegetation type or geographic distance among areas. We analysed 9420 specimens in 13 scientific collections, as well as two published checklists. Three hundred twenty nine arctiid species were recorded for 55 localities. This richness corresponded to 5.6% of the Neotropical fauna, and 16.5% of the estimated Brazilian fauna. Fifty two species (15.8%) were recorded for the first time in the state. There was no relationship between beta-diversity (Sorensen distance) and geographic distance among the localities, suggesting that the spatial configuration of the habitat did not influence significantly the locomotion of the Arctiidae moths among landscapes. The multivariate analysis suggested that the Arctiidae fauna differ among vegetation types. The composition of the fauna at the Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Araucaria forest) is very distinct from other vegetation type faunas. Species richness was higher on forest habitats than in open habitats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A composição de Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) coprófagos na região de Alter do Chão, Pará: a influência dos biomas Amazônia e cerrado e da sazonalidade e os efeitos de tamanho de área, isolamento e proximidade de estradas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-22) TEIXEIRA, Frederico Machado; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
This work had as objective to investigate the effect of the size of the forest islands, of its distances for the continuous forest (isolation) and for the adjacent roads on the coprófagos community of Scarabaeidae. Samples had been collected in 24 islands of semideciduous forest, between 0,5 and 360 ha, in an Amazonian savanna matrix and eight places in predominantly secondary, semideciduous continuous forest, in the region of Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará. The Scarabaeidae had been collected with pitfall traps with bait (human dung) in two seasonal periods (dries and rain). For each point of collection 10 traps had been installed in two 250 m transects, distant 100 m between itself. 5 traps in each transect that had been placed 50 m apart. For each place of collect was registered the DAP (Height Brest Tree Diameter), of all trees with equal or superior diameter of the 5 cm, in four 250 transectos of 2 x m, being these used data to derive the indices from the structure of the vegetation (average diameter and number of individuals). The area, perimeter and the distances of the islands for the continue forest had been calculated using respectively the extensions "X-Tools" and "Nearest Features v3.6d" for ArcView, on the map of the area digitalized from an image of Landsat TM of 1996. The collected units had been identified with the aid of specialized bibliography and specialists. For the characterization of the fauna, the joined species had been compared with a list of species generated from publications for the Cerado, Amazonia and Brazilian ecotone (cerrado-floresta). To evaluate the robustness of the sampling, curves of rarefação had been used and gotten estimates of wealth using itself diverse estimators. For the analysis of the standards of the communities, an analysis HNMDS (Semi-strong Hibrid Multidimensional Scaling) using itself in the distance of Bray-Curtis was used. 18 pertaining sorts and 36 species to biomas of the Cerrado and Amazonia had been found, but was not possible to have a complete notion of the parcel of each biome represented in this ecotone of transition savanna-forest, once that the samples had not been enough for the exhausting survey of the wealth of Scarabaeidae. The ordinance showed a trend of grouping of the continuous forests and separation of these of the forest islands. Although the survey to have registered a bigger number of species in the forest islands that in the areas of continuous forest, the communities had presented a strong hierarchic standard [ P (T< 14,87°)<0,001 ], indicating that in the islands they are persisting only one parcel of the total of species of the region. A relation was not found enters the composition of Scarabaeidae and the size and the form of the forest islands. But a significant relation between the composition (axle 1) and the isolation (F=5,363, P=0,031) and the composition (axle 1) and the number of trees was found (DAP > 5 cm) (F=6,103, P=0,012, corrected for Bonferroni). The number of trees of each place of sampling was related with the proximity of roads (0,658), what it strengthens the idea of that the roads are contributing for changes in the structure of the vegetation, that in turn has a effect on the fauna of Scarabaeidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidade de insetos bentônicos em igarapés do nordeste paraense - Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) MONTELES, Josinete Sampaio; GERHARD, Pedro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621269098705408
This study aimed to know the community of benthic insects in 17 streams in northeastern Pará, Eastern Amazonia under different land uses and investigate the variations in the abundance, richness and diversity of aquatic insect community to vegetation cover the immediate surrounding area (riparian zone) and landscape (slopes of the watershed where it enters the stream sampled). The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between July and October 2010, the period of lowest rainfall. At each point were made to 10 Surber samples for quantitative analysis and three hand-net only qualitative character. To evaluate differences between the richness, EPT abundance and diversity, we used an ANOVA and cluster analysis to summarize the biotic data. For differences in the scales of study were then used an ANOSIM and routine SIMPER. Environmental characteristics were also evaluated searching to correlate them to the taxonomic composition and distribution of taxa by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 46,371 individuals were collected, in which 11,384 with Surber, distributed in 61 taxa with a predominance of aquatic insects. The highest abundances were observed Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Abundance, richness and EPT were greater in sections of streams to riparian vegetation and watershed predominantly of igapó anthropic forest (references). The environmental variables of greatest influence on the community were percentage of forest environment in the riparian zone, average water temperature, turbidity, percentage of coarse and fine litter, pH, flow channel and coefficient of variation of channel width. The results showed differences in community composition in relation to different land uses. Through the ecological descriptors, it was detected that the watershed with the highest percentage of anthropic forest area and successional and higher percentage of riparian vegetation surrounding (30m) showed better environmental conditions than those dominated pastures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dermatite alérgica à picada de insetos em ovinos no estado do Pará
(2011-02) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; ALBERNAZ, Tatiane Teles; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; OLIVEIRA, Cairo Henrique Sousa de; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e
A skin disease was studied in 159 sheep on 15 farms located in seven counties of northeastern and southeastern of the state of Pará and in one farm in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The disease affected mainly two to four year-old sheep of the Santa Ines breed and crossbreds. Clinical signs were characterized by alopecia, multifocal erythema, small papules, and crusts in several areas of the body, mainly around the eyes. Severe itching in the affected areas, restless, weight loss and lacrimation were also observed. Insects were always seen around the animals. Insects apparently associated with the lesions were captured and identified as pertaining to the genera Simulium and Hippelates. Biopsies of the skin lesions of 10 sheep revealed inflammatory non suppurative mononuclear infiltrates of the dermis with presence of eosinophils. The epidemiologic, clinical and pathological studies of the cases allowed the diagnosis of allergic dermatitis due to the insect bites.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribution of phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern Brazil
(2011-12) OLIVEIRA, Davi Marcos Souza de; HABIB, Elvira Maria Saraiva Chequer Bou; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; SOUSA, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; SILVA, Ivoneide Maria da
The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. The CDC traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. A total of 5,089 sandflies were collected and 11 species were identified. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (rate of 95.15%), which suggests its participation in the transmission of VL. A total of 1,451 Lu. longipalpis females were dissected and no Leishmania infections were detected. Most of the sandflies were captured at the border of a forest (88.25%) and no flies were captured in the urban area, which suggests that transmission is still restricted to rural sites. However, the fact that a specimen was collected in an intermediate area indicates that urbanisation is a real possibility and that vector monitoring is important.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade e composição de formigas Ponerines (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) de Serapilheira na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-21) BASTOS, Alexandro Herbert dos Santos; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
The ponerines, after myrmicines, are the most conspicuous, rich and abundant ground-dwelling ants from tropical rain forests. In this ecosystem the ponerines are ecologically important, since they prey many kinds of invertebrates and nest among leaf litter and rotten logs. In this work the range of leaf litter Ponerinae ants was studied, as well their abundance, richness, diversity, and species composition. In addition, how the litter quantity affect the ponerines range was analyzed. This study was carried out in six primary Amazonian forest areas of 1 Km² (Area I, II, III, IV, V, and VI) at Ferreira Penna Scientific Station (ECFPn), Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará state, Brazil. The material was collected at April and October of 2003, and January of 2004, following the Ants Monitoring Protocol of TEAM Iniciative/Caxiuanã Project for the study of leaf litter ants. In each sampled site four transects lines of 100 m (sample units) with 10 samplings points were established. At each sampling point of 1 m², the leaf litter samples were sifted and then placed in mini-Winkler sacks. A total of 4,031 specimens were collected, belonging to three tribes, eight genera, and 60 species of Ponerinae in 470 records. In average 6.52 species were collected per sample. The total richness was estimated in 81 species using first order Jackkinife method. Hypoponera was the most abundant and rich genus, with 22 species in 268 records. The genus Hypoponera plus Pachycondyla showed a strong numerical dominance, with more than 70% of collected species. The Area V was the most diverse (H=3.30), with the highest species richness (38) and abundance (121 records), as well as with the largest amount of leaf litter (ANOVA; p<0,05 between Area V and the other sites). The quantity of leaf litter affected positively the ponerines ants species abundance and richness, and also influenced the species composition. The most common species were: Hypoponera sp#1, Hypoponera sp#2, Hypoponera sp#6, Hypoponera sp#7, Odontomachus scalptus and Pachycondyla constricta. These few species (10%) yielded more than half of total abundance. In short, the ponerines were widely spread in the leaf litter of ECFPn primary forests, being numerically affected by leaf litter volume. The sites showed differences in species diversity, abundance and richness. Furthermore, the species composition of ponerines ants at nearby samples often presented low similarity once high number of species was rare. Thus, the leaf litter availability of Amazonian forest is a key role on species distribution, even at small scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Does body size of neotropical ant species influence their recruitment speed?
(2013-03) GODOY, Bruno Spacek; CAMARGOS, Lucas Marques de
Ants are one of the most important animal groups in tropical forests because of its abundance and number of species. An important characteristic of the group is the eusociality, which allows the occurrence of a recruitment behavior when food resource is found. However, there are two main questions regarding this behavior: (i) the recruitment is a product of environmental or phylogenetic pressures, and (ii) the recruitment speed is related to the body size of the ant species. In this work we addressed these two questions using 17 species of neotropical ants, in the Amazonic lowland dense rain forest. According to results, recruitment behavior is related to ant size, where smaller species exhibit this trait when finding a protein resource. However, species size is not important in recruitment speed, which suggests that speed can be best explained by the type of food resources needed in the ant colony.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de culicídeos vetores de febre amarela silvestre em relação ao microclima na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã-Melgaço-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) PINTO, Claudeth de Souza; MASCARENHAS, Bento Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279744837272788; CONFALONIERI, Ulisses Eugênio Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0960107425984526
The species vectors of yellow fever are distributed, in the Americas, in the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes. The culicidae have their blood-sucking activities influenced both by endogenous and exogenous factors, such as the responses to microclimatic factors. The micoclimate and the stratification of the mosquito hosts are the main determinants for the occupation of ecological niches by culicids in the tropical forests. This study was developed in the micrometeorological tower of the Caxiuanã National Forest, in the municipality of Melgaço, State of Pará, Brazil. The aims were to analyse the vertical distribution of the species vectors of yellow fever in relation to microclimate in the dense upland forest, from July 2005 to April 2006, at ground level and in platforms at 8m, 16m and 30 meters. Collections were made for 12-hour periods, both at night and during the day, with the use of human attractors. Temperature and humidity records were made at all heights where the collections were made and the precipitation was measured at the top of the tower. A total of 25,498 specimens of culicids were collected, among which 1028 were from the genus Haemagogus and 502 from Sabethes, captured during daytime. The species of Sabethes and Haemagogus janthinomys were found mostly at the canopy level, especially at the heights of 16 and 30 meters, while Haemagogus leucocelaenus was more frequent in the ground. The rainiest months were associated to the greatest number of specimens of the different species but this was not statistically significant. However, there was a significant relationship between temperature, relative humidity and the number of yellow fever vectors collected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito das clareiras de ação petrolífera sobre a composição de Drosophilidae (Diptera) na Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari-Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-27) FURTADO, Ivaneide da Silva; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
Drosophilidae are ecosystem condition indicators in relation to the effects of deforestation in tropical rainforest, and are a tool for designing conservation strategies in large biomes. A study in the Urucu oilfields (State of Amazonas, Brazil), was conducted seeking to compare richness and diversity of drosophilidae in artificial clearings (oilfields), natural clearings and continuous forest. Three excursions took place between 2003 and 2005. Fermented banana traps were used in 33 sites: 11 natural clearings, 16 artificial clearings and six continuous forest transects. We also, tested in the field the ability of nine species to develop is these three habitats. We captured 7,652 insects, 4,354 of which belonging to the Order Diptera (56,90%), distributed among 24 species of Drosophilidae, of two subgenus, Sophophora and Drosophila. Species distribution varied among habitats. 60,54% of the drosophilidae were of the willistoni subgroup, heavily concentrated in primary forest (79,09%). The second largest subgroup was ananassae (10,40% of total drosophilidae), in higher concentrations in oilfields (35,36%). The species accumulation curves, with 227 samples did not approached asymptotes; the estimates varied between 24 and 34 species. Jaccard coefficient similarity analysis shows 55% likeness between natural clearing and oilfield habitats, while in Morisita it measured 98,1% between primary forest and natural clearings. D. malerkotliana was the only specie of the ananassae subgroup that appeared in all habitats, with significant variations (ANOVA, p=0.001). Willistoni subgroup species appeared less frequently, only in forest areas, regardless of the original location of parental xv flies. These results show the effectiveness of the methods used and the need to increase the sampling effort to estimate the actual diversity of fruit Drosophilidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do uso do hábitat sobre a comunidade de Gerromorpha (Heteroptera) em uma área de transição Amazônia-cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) WANZELER, Elaine Cristina de Miranda; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera) belong to three different monophyletic infra-orders: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha and Leptopodomorpha. In Brazil only a few studies on these groups have been carried out, mostly in the state of Minas Gerais. This study aimed to determine land use intensity effect over the aquatic Heteroptera-Gerromorpha community. The study was carried out at Tanguro farm, state of Mato Grosso, in a area of transition between cerrado and tropical rain forest. Samples were collected on May and July in 2006 and 2007 in six streams within three different environments: soybean plantation, pasture and forest. Five families, 19 genera, 36 species and 13 morphospecies of Gerromorpha were collected. Species accumulation curves for each environment did not reach an asymptote, though they showed a clear tendency to stabilization. Therefore, increasing the number of samples probably will set the real species number close to the observed for the whole study area. Although vegetation coverage was significantly different among the three environments (ANOVA, F2,45= 23,72; P < 0,001), the habitat type did not influence the number of Gerromorpha species (ANOVA F3,44= 0,77; P = 0,52). In addition, the two axis of a MDS analysis based on species composition did not discriminate the habitats. On the other hand, the abundance of seven species was significantly different among habitats. Analysis of the abundance matrix shown (axis 1- MANOVA; F2,45 = 16,27; P < 0,001 and axis 2- MANOVA; F2,45 = 6,31; P = 0,004) segregated forest species. The three habitats shared 57,14% of the species collected. The considerable decrease in number of specimens from the forest to the pasture may be related to the lost of vegetation coverage in disturbed areas. The species Brachymetra lata, Brachymetra sp. 1, Cylindrostethus palmaris, Tachygerris celocis, Rhagovelia paulana, Rhagovelia whitei and Neogerris lubricus could be considered indicator species based on significant differences in abundance between disturbed and undisturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do fogo recorrente na serrapilheira: consequências para artrópodes, decomposição e mineralização de carbono e nitrogênio em uma floresta de transição da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SILVEIRA, Juliana Miranda da; MOUTINHO, Paulo Roberto de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7277077476036269
Arthropods play an important role in ecosystem functioning, participating in nutrient cycling, decomposition and the breaking up and mixing of the leaf litter. Forest fires are increasing across the Amazon basin, and destroy the litter layer and kill the invertebrates that live within it. The objective of this thesis is to investigate how recurrent fires affect these processes, investigating the abundance and density of leaf-litter arthropods and the rate of decomposition of organic material and the mineralization of C and N, in a transitional Amazonian forest in the municipality of Querencia in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was conducted in 50 ha of primary forest (500 x 1000 m) that was experimentally burned every year from 2004, and an unburned primary forest control of the same size. The arthropods were collected in 40 pitfall traps and 40 funnel Berlese traps, located randomly. The collections were undertaken in February, April (wet season), June, and August (dry season) of 2007, after the third experimental burning. The arthropods were identified to the level of Order, and the ants were identified to the level of Genera. The decomposition study was undertaken using 480 litter bags, randomly distributed with 240 in each plot, 4 months after the last burns. The litter bags were constructed with 2 mm nylon mesh (fine mesh), and 50% of them had 1 cm² holes cut in their sides (coarse mesh). 10g of dry leaves were placed in each litter bag, and 30 bags were collected from each plot every 2 months, equalling 2 collections in the wet season and 2 in the dry season. The litter bags were dried in an oven, and litter was weighted again to calculate decomposition. The difference between inicial and final weight showed the decomposition rate. Ten litter bags were selected randomly from every collection, mesh size, and plot, and subjected to a C and N analysis. The arthropods demonstrated strong seasonal differences. Springtails were less abundant and ants were more abundant in the dry season. Along with the seasonal effects, arthropods had diverse effects to the recurrent fires: Orthoptera were always more abundant in the burned plots in all post-fire samples when compared to controle plot. In general, macro-predators (ants, beetles, and others) were more abundant in the burned forest, while the ecosystem engineers and decomposers (cockroaches, Acaridae, and others) were less abundant in the burned forest, when compared to control plot. Ants were more diverse in the dry season, and also showed strong seasonal differences in composition. There was also a marked difference in ant diversity between the two plots, and fires favoured generalists ants. The decomposition rate in the burned forest were lower than in the control, and the fine mesh litter bags had a lower rate of decomposition than those with holes cut in their sides (coarse mesh). The level of C and N was also different between the plots, and the C/N ratio (indicating microbial activity) was stable over time in all post-fire collections, while the C/N ratio in the control plot declined gradually during the 4 collections. These results indicate that fire modifies the leaf-litter fauna, affecting the abundance and composition of various taxonomic groups. The fine mesh litter bags indicate that the exclusion of macroarthropods reduces the rate of organic matter decomposition and that microarthropods are more affected by fires. Fire also reduces the mineralization of C e N as C/N was stable in burned plot. Overall, this study shows that recurrent fires have strongly effects on leaf-litter fauna and nutrient cycling in Amazonian transitional forests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effects of environmental factors on community structure of Leptophlebiidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Cerrado streams, Brazil
(2013-09) BRASIL, Leandro Schlemmer; SHIMANO, Yulie; BATISTA, Joana Darc; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos
We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on abundance, species richness, and functional group richness of Leptophlebiidae in 16 sampling points along four Cerrado streams. Across three periods of 2005, we collected 5,492 larvae from 14 species in stream bed substrate. These species belong to three functional feeding groups: scrapers, filtering collectors and shredders. The abundance and species richness were not affected by water quality, but habitat quality related to presence of riparian vegetation had positive effects on the abundance of shredders. Our results add important information on the natural history of the species and functional groups of aquatic insects and also provide relevant data for the monitoring and conservation of streams in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ephemeroptera (Insecta) no Brasil: estado da arte, amostragem, influências e distribuição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
In this thesis we aimed to contribute to the ecological knowledge about the Ephemeroptera order in Brazil in order to decrease Wallacean, Prestonian and Hutchinsonian shortfalls related to these organisms. For this purpose, we worked with bibliographic data and field sampling, which resulted in six chapters. We summarized bibliographic information about Brazilian Ephemeroptera studies in the first chapter and for the others, we used data from collections performed in Brazilian Amazonia, also for the last chapter, we have used both dataset from collected and bibliographic source. In the first chapter, we performed a scienciometric analysis about Ephemeroptera studies in Brazil, then we have found the main gaps: absence of studies in some Brazilian states and records of families, need of studies about phylogeny, need of improvement of taxonomic resolution in ecological studies, and deficit of knowledge about environmental variables affecting Ephemeroptera distribution. In the second chapter, we proposed new sampler (circular handnet) and sampling design (150-meters along streams) to be used in ecological studies. We tested in the third chapter the effectiveness of our own methodology, where applied to verify whether 15 subsamples are enough to represent mayflies fauna (instead 20 subsamples), also discontinuos sampling are better than continuous, and if the taxonomic resolution between species and genera are highly concordants. In the fouth chapter, the community was analysed in a regional scale, where we verified differences in environment structure of streams and species composition according to interfluves and scales (local or regional). In the fifth chapter, we tested if River Hypothesis is valid for mayflies communities in Brazilian Amazon, where we found the largest rivers acting as geographic barriers structuring mayflies distribution, as well as the connection of drainage basins also affected Ephemeroptera distribution. Finally, in the last chapter we made a study of case through a new approach of Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN). In this chapter, we found Miroculis as a genus associated to forested areas while Ulmeritoides was associatedrelated to oil palm plantation areas;With this thesis, we increased records and knowledge of Amazonian mayflies, by reducing gaps in relation to distribution (Wallacean deficit), abundance (Prestonian defict) and environmental answers from these organisms (Hutchinsonian deficit).