Navegando por Assunto "Kinosternon scorpioides"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e crescimento do muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1776) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) CASTRO, Andréa Bezerra de; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The data for this work was acquired in the dependences of the Zoo Botanic Park of the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi during the years of 1992 to 1997. The objective was to study the reproductive biology and the growth of the Scorpion Mud Turtles in captivity. Thus, a verification was made of the biometrical correlations and the sexual dimorphism between males and adult females, the type of reproduction and the number of eggs per clutch, the incubation period and the percentage of eclosion, the connection between the size of the eggs and the hatching, and between the biometrical data of the female with its eggs and hatchling, the biometric growth and the weight of the species, the age when the sexual dimorphism occurs in the young ones and the age of the first oviposition. A group of adults and 70 hatching of the Zoo Botanic Park was used. Data obtained demonstrated that the adult males (n=75) had a long tail and a black pigmented head and presented an a average weight of 314,05 g, carapace length of 14,79 cm, carapace width of 9,79 cm, plastron length of 12,3 cm, plastron width of 7,46 cm and 4,5 cm of height. The adult females (n=176) had a short tail and yellow head, and had an average weight of 430,08 g, carapace length 1,26 cm, carapace width of 11,31 cm, plastron length of 13,35 cm, plastron width of 8,01 cm and 5,51 cm of height. All the studied variants showed significant differences between the values of adult females and the adult males. The mating season was from April until August, characterizing a seasonal reproduction. The nest building occurred between the months of May and September and was divided in the following phases: deambulation, opening of the hollow, oviposition, closing of the hollow and abandonment of the nest. There was no difference between the number of eggs laid by young or adult females. The average number laid by an adult female was 2,45 with a variation of 01 to 07 eggs and by a young one was 2,7 with a variation of 02 the 07 eggs. However, the eggs of the adult females were bigger in weight, length and width than that of the young females. The eggs had a pink colored elongated form, with a white spot in the center and the rind was hard and smooth (n=701), and they presented average weight, length and width of respectively 9.6 g, 3.8 cm and 2.0 cm. The incubation period was 136 days, varying between 111 and 164 (n=426) and an eclosion of 86,61%. The carapace weight, the width, and the width of the plastron of the females were determinative for the weight and width of the eggs. The weight and width of the eggs were determinative for the weight, carapace length and plastron length of the newborn. The young (n=887) were born with an average weight of 6,5 g, carapace length of 3,1 cm, carapace width of 2,2 cm, the plastron length of 2,7 cm, plastron width of 1,8 cm and carapace height of 1,6 cm. The weight and measures of the female were determinative for the weight, and measures of the newborn. At 22,49 months of age, there appeared the first signals of sexual dimorphism. The species showed a positive correlation between the weight and the biometric length, width and hight until the 37,95 months of age, after that age the ponderal continued to increase while the rate of increase of the length was smoother. With 37,94 months the standard deflexion of the ponderal weight was the largest seen on all ages, probably as the result of the sexual dimorphism already present at this age. At this age it was seen the first oviposition of the group that had a carapace with 11,84 cm of length. At 47.02 month the group showed an average weight of 410,9 g and 14,15 carapace length, values similar to the ones found in the studied adult animals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características e índices produtivos de muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides) em cativeiro na ilha de Marajó, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) COSTA, Juliane da Silva; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
Historically, chelonians have played an important role as a natural resource as human food in the region, notably Kinosternon scorpioides specie or scorpion mud turtle, locally known as muçuã which has been suffering a gradual imbalance caused by inordinate catch. We aimed to evaluate the indexes of productive characteristics, at different stages of breeding, and the reproductive characteristics of copulation, ovarian activity and hatching of muçuãs in captivity, aiming better activity through an adequate zootechnical handling. The study was done between 2007 and 2015, when we analyzed 84 copulations, 742 ovarian activity and 1,979 births for reproductive evaluations, 1,835 animals in captivity, 921 animals for reproduction, and 3,614, among males and females for reproductive evaluations grown in captivity at Criatório Científico of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Marajó Island -PA. In the reproductive characteristic analyses the results showed that the reproductive period is seasonal, concentrating couplings during the rainy season, when the average coupling activity consisted of 00:23:00 h, with proportion male: female of 2,38 + 1,67. The egg formation process took 122,98 + 45,38 days. The egg laying distribution presented a climax tendency between the end of June and early August. Nidification average duration was 02:57:00 h. The egg viability found was 20%. The correlation results between the biometric, weight, and number of eggs characteristics were positive. The egg biometrical results were 34,5 mm long, and 18 mm wide, with average weight of 7,90 g. The average duration of incubation, in days, was 129.31 + 19.57. Births concentrated between September and December. The correlations of biometric characteristics with the hatchlings weight were positive between the variables (P≤0,0001). For the productive characteristics the weights were obtained for all zootechnical categories where the hatchlings in the nesting area, with approximately 12 months of age, weighed 199.20 + 45,36 g and the adult above 36 months, had an average weight of 503.63 + 73.21 g. The correlations between weight and body measurements were significant As (P≤00001) for all categories. The results of influence of morphometric measurements over weight for all categories were significant (P≤0.0005). For weight and body measurement analyses under the influence of the season of the year we observed that the variables were significant (P≤00005), except for reproduction. For reproduction, weight and body measurements were evaluated considering the influence of sex, when it was observed that females had more than males, but males were longer than females. The characteristics of coupling, incubation period, and hatching permit to delineate a reproductive handling for raisin the specie in captivity under the conditions of Marajó Island. Research directed toward biology, nutrition, and handling of muçuãs must be encouraged to increase production ex situ, providing greater subsidies for the establishment of systems of production that meet commercial demand by promoting conservation and increase of variability of the specie.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Localização do receptor de melatonina Mel1a e da enzima NRH: quinona redutase 2 em embrião e retinas inteiros de Kinosternon scorpioides
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-27) SILVA, Renata Nunes; SAMPAIO, Lucia de Fatima Sobral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7145234400169550
The pineal and others tissues produced hormone melatonin synchronizes biological clocks with dark light environmental cycle. This hormone has functions on development via Mel1a melatonin receptor and NRH: quinona redutase 2 (QR2) enzyme. The present aim was to initiate an investigation about the localization of the both Mel1a melatonin receptor and QR2 enzyme melatonin binding site in vertebrate development. We taken as a model the fresh water turtle Kinosternon scorpioides (muçuã). Whole 21 days embryos (E21) and retinas from E21 and 60 days posthatched (PH) muçuãs respectively were assayed by immunoassays and immunohistochemistry, using commercial antibodies and the results were revealed by Texas red fluorescence. As Mel1a melatonin receptor as QR2 enzyme were localized in important external morphological characters in E21 and in retinas from both E21 and PH. Results showed Mel1a melatonin receptor in maxillary, mandibula, eye contour, Iris, choroide fissure, neck, elongated forelimb and hindlimb, developing carapace, beyond of the internal part of the tail bud. QR2 fluorescent signals in whole E21 embryos were in the following morphological external characters. In head, QR2 is at maxillary region; in the eye at lens and iris; in elongated forelimb and hindlimb; and in tail bud. No fluorescence was observed in negative controls incubated without the primary antibody. In conclusion, our achievers suggest that melatonin participates in Kinosternon scorpioides development as in ossification, hole of the Mella receptor, as in xenobiotic protection, hole of the QR2 enzyme. Melatonin functions on turtle development disclose are only starting, but we found some interesting answers and future investigations arise from these studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Níveis de cálcio e fósforo na dieta de muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (LINNAEUS, 1766) em diferentes fases de criação em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-23) FERNANDES NETO, Dário Lisboa; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
In the Amazon, the chelonian consumption is much more than a simple way to obtain meat or protein; it is also a part of culture. The captive breeding on a commercial basis is essential to oppose poaching and thus prevent the extinction of species. A greater Knowledge of nutritional requirements, regarding to minerals, can serve as a basis to formulate diets for turtles, as alternatives to correct deficiencies of these compounds in the feed provided in captivity. Therefore this study aimed to determine the calcium levels in the initial phase and growth and the relationship between calcium and phosphorus levels in adult phase of muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides). In the initial phase and growth the experimental design was fully randomized, with five levels of calcium (4.7, 5.2, 5.7, 6.2 e 6.7%), with phosphorus in 3%, with three repetitions, containing 4 and 2 animals per experimental unit, respectively. In the adult phase, the experimental design was fully randomized in factorial scheme 5x3, five levels of calcium (5.0, 5.7, 6.4, 7.1 e 7.7%) and three levels of Phosphorus (2.6, 3.0, e 3.4 %), with three repetitions containing three animals per experimental unit. The animals were submitted to weighing and biometrics fortnightly. The data were analyzed using regression analysis by response surface. In the initial phase the variation in calcium levels did not influence the variables response, being absorbed and diverted to the strengthening of the bony parts. In the growth phase, the absorbed calcium was destined to corporal development of muçuãs, recommending the levels of 5.7% Calcium (Ca) with 3.0% of Phosphorus (P). Confirmed the Calcium and Phosphorus relation maintaining the best performance at the levels of 1,92 ± 0,26 to 2.08 ± 0,18 Ca:P, it was recommended level of 5,0% Ca e 2,6% P in the adult phase. This study is pioneer to determine levels of minerals in the diet of the species Kinosternon scorpioides bred in captivity, making up necessary more researches to determine others nutritional requirements of these animals, encouraging and enabling its commercial creation.