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Navegando por Assunto "Leito de jorro"

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    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Análise experimental da secagem do corante hidrossolúvel de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-15) SILVA, Adriano Gomes Paixão da; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9998; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
    The water-soluble dye annatto norbixin salt is mainly used in the pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics and especially in industrial food sector in breads, sausages, yogurts, confectionery, pasta, cheese, sandwich cookies, juice concentrates and others. The low toxicity and its coloring ability make the annatto norbixin salt a very attractive and convenient dye, replacing many synthetic dyes. These characteristics encourage to seek ways to facilitate the use of natural dyes in the various segments of industry, as well as promoting research about obtaining in order to get a product with the desired characteristics and qualities. This work it is carried out experimental analysis of water soluble dye drying annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in spouted bed, using cassava starch as a carrier agent and particles of low-density poliestileno (LDPE) as an inert material. The extraction of the dye was carried out by immersion and agitation of annatto seeds in 5% potassium hydroxide solution. It is statistically evaluated the influence of the drying process input variables, temperature (70, 80 and 90 ° C), atomization pressure (10, 15 and 20 psi), and atomization of the suspension flow (10, 7 and 8.5 mL/min) one the response variables: efficiency (η), moisture content (U) and norbixin salt content of the dye powder (S), using Statistica®7.0 application. The estimate of the optimum condition of drying within the analyzed experimental area is determined based on the input variables applying the concept of global desirability. The conditions in this work, it was reached a optimum value of Desirability Function considered as very good and that matches the temperature of the drying air 82.6 °C, atomization pressure of 13.7 psi and flow of suspension dye 10 ml / min, generating satisfactory values for the response variables corresponding to 71.69 % yield, 0.06161 g H2O/g dry solids of moisture and 2.3605 % dye of norbixin salt powder.
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    Análise experimental do comportamento fluidodinâmico e da secagem de sementes de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-30) SANTANA, Elza Brandão; PINTO, Cláudio Roberto Orofino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4833991906165550; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
    Flaxseed is the seed of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) is polymorphic native flax, and is considered one of the six plants currently recognized by the National Cancer Institute of the United States (U.S. National Cancer Institute - NCI) for their properties specific anti-cancer. Part of this recognition should be the remarkable characteristic of being the richest source of lignin precursors (vegetable steroid action analogous to the mammalian estrogen) in the human diet. The variety used in this work was the "Linseed" brown and objective of this study was to analyze the fluid-dynamics of spouted bed. The fluid-dynamics was defined by the measurements of the bed pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for different seeds loads, so getting information to determine parameters related to the process, such as: minimum spouting velocity, maximum pressure drop, stable spout pressure drop and minimum spouted pressure drop. These values were compared with the values obtained by empirical equations found in the literature. It was also studied the drying of raw material, through a full factorial design 22 with com three central point and the statistical analysis of the results were realized and the effects of independent variables spouting air temperature (Tg) and time (t) on the responses humidity ratio (Xr, adim.), germination (G, %) and germination speed index (GSI, t-1) were evaluated. The optimal operational point was determined as function of the entrance variables applying the concept of global desirability. The kinetics of drying was performed at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 °C, and the Midilli et al. model showed the best fitting to the experimental data. For the fluid-dynamic parameters showed that the correlation of Gorshtein and Mukhlenov (1965) showed the lowest deviations for minimum spouted pressure drop and pressure drop in the steady spouted, Abdelrazek (1969) showed the smallest deviation to the minimum spouting velocity and Pallai and Németh (1969) described adequately the maximum pressure drop. It was observed that the mass of seeds processed and air-spouted temperature exerted a significant influence on fluid-dynamic. Based on the statistical analysis of experimental noticed that all variable Tg e t are statistically significant for the responses: humidity ratio, germination and germination speed index, proposing models representative of these parameters with the presence of curvature, obtaining the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 99 %.
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    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Avaliação da qualidade de sementes Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp após processo de secagem em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03) CORUMBÁ, Lorena Gomes; COSTA, Cristiane Marial Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
    The variety of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), known as manteiguinha beans, is native from Amazon region, the cultivation is mainly done by small producers dominated by family farms. The physiological quality of manteiguinha bean seeds, in concern to the germination and emergence rate index are directly connected to the moisture content of the seeds. Therefore, are required studies to evalute the behavior of seeds such as beans their potential hygroscopic and drying conditions. In intention for contribute to improvements in agricultural productivity cowpea, the main objective of this study was to qualitative evaluate of manteiguinha beans seeds behind drying process in conventional spouted bed. In this context, it was first defined the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of fresh seed according to obtain their moisture sorption isotherms at temperatures of 40, 55 and 70 °C. The thermodynamic parameters of sorption, as isosteric heat, and entropy change in Gibbs free energy were evaluated from the GAB model and through Clausius-Clapeyron and Gibbs-Helmholtz relations. The compensation theory enthalpy-entropy was properly applied to the isotherms indicating that the moisture sorption phenomenon in manteiguinha bean seeds is controlled by enthalpy. To carry on the drying process were defined operating conditions of the spouted bed trhough fluidodynamics parameters analysis (maximum pressure drop, pressure drop in stable spout, pressure drop in the minimum spouting and the minimum spouting velocity). In carry out of the drying tests were applied to experimental design technique Box-Behnken and through statistical analysis of the experimental data was possible to evaluate the influence of input variables: air temperature (Tar), air velocity (Uar) and time drying (t) on the responses, moisture ratio (XR), germination percentage (G) and emergence speed index (ESI). The optimal point of the drying process, estimated by global desirability function obtained when the bed particles operated at temperature and drying air rate of 57 °C and 0.934 m / s, respectively, for a period of 240 minutes. These conditions are obtained seeds with final humidity 0,12 kg water/ kg dry solid, germination of 82.53% and 14.73 and emergence speed index.
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    Caracterização, análise fluidodinâmica e secagem de sementes de painço em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-16) NASCIMENTO, Lidiane Diniz do; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
    S. italica seeds were analyzed in chemical, physical and qualitative aspects and then the fluidynamics was evaluated at ambient temperature, for different loads of material in two spouted bed configurations: conical (500, 800, 1100 and 1400 g ) and conventional ( 1300, 1700 and 2100 g). From the experimental data it was found that the particles were suitable for the system used, so the operating parameters of the spouted bed were collected , which were compared with their theoretical values calculated by empirical correlations available in literature. According to experimental conditions, it was necessary to choose only one of the configurations of spouted bed, so it was decided to operate the conventional spouted bed. For the seed drying kinetics only the optimal load (1700g) was utilized and the temperatures used were 44 , 65 and 86 °C, verifying the absence of constant drying rate, indicating that drying was controlled by diffusion mechanisms. The effective moisture diffusivity was estimated, resulting in the range from 0.7729x10-11 to 2.3189x10-11 and the relationship between the temperature and the effective moisture diffusivity was described by Arrhenius equation, providing an activation energy of 24,86 kJ/mol. The mathematical models that best described the drying curve were Diffusion Approximation, Page and Midilli et al. Furthermore, a rotational central composite design was applied with the objective of evaluating the influence of the independent variables time (X1) and temperature (X2) on the responses moisture ratio (XR), germination (G) and speed germination index (SGI) . The chosen answers are necessaries in the seeds quality control, as in the case of the moisture content during the storage. The G and SGI responses are indicative of the physiological state of the seeds, which are also important, in accordance with the purpose of the product. Through statistical analysis, for a confidence interval of 95%, it was found that XR and SGI were influenced only by X1, X2 and X22 , while G was statistically affected by X2 and X22 . The effects for all responses were negative , indicating that SGI and XR decrease with increasing of temperature and drying time. The answer G decreases with increasing of temperature. Quadratic models were proposed by the statistical analyzes, reaching good correlation coefficients (R2); 0.9632 (XR), 0.8998 (G) and 0.9724 (SGI). Then, the optimal value of the foxtail millet drying process was determined, using the concept of Desirability Function, which was corresponding to a drying time of 121 min at a temperature of 64 ° C, getting seeds with 82.99% of germination; speed germination index of 29.33 (dimensionless) and final moisture content of 11%.
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    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Nutritional potential of green banana flour obtained by drying in spouted be
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2013-12) BEZERRA, Carolina Vieira; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; AMANTE, Edna Regina; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da
    This study evaluated the chemical composition of peeled and unpeeled green banana Cavendish (AAA) flour obtained by drying in spouted bed, aiming at adding nutritional value to food products. The bananas were sliced and crushed to obtain a paste and fed to the spouted bed dryer (12 cm height and T = 80 ºC) in order to obtain flour. The flours obtained were subjected to analysis of moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrates, total starch, resistant starch, fiber. The green banana flours, mainly unpeeled, are good sources of fiber and resistant starch with an average of 21.91g/100g and 68.02g/100g respectively. The protein content was found in an average of 4.76g/100g, being classified as a low biological value protein with lysine as the first limiting amino acid. The results showed that unpeeled green banana flour obtained by spouted bed drying can be a valuable tool to add nutritional value to products in order to increase their non-digestible fraction.
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    Obtenção de um produto desidratado a base de jacaiacá (antrocaryon amazonicum(ducke) burtt. & hill) e cará-roxo (dioscorea trifida l.) em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-05) MENDES, Kharen dos Anjos; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7524720020580309
    This study aimed to develop a food supplement powder, from the dehydration of the mix obtained from the pulp of fruits of jacaiacá (Antrocaryon amazonicum (ducke) and of yams-purple tubers (Dioscorea trifida L.).The drying process was carried out in a fluidized dryer, spouted bed type with intermittent feeding. This study evaluated the thermal effects resulting from the drying process on sensory characteristics, nutritional and technological functional properties of the product obtained powder. The temperatures of the drying agent (atmospheric air) used were 70, 80 and 90°C. Assays physical-chemical characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant (phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and antioxidants total) were conducted in order to evaluate the heat effects of the drying process. Associated with these assays were also performed tests for physical characteristics of powders (particle size and apparent density and compression), technological properties (Water solubility index WSI and Water absorption index WAI), fluidity, morphological characterization and study of moisture sorption isotherms at 25° C, the mix obtained in spouted bed. The products had moisture and water activity within the safety range (1.49 to 7.83% and from 0.30 to 0.46, respectively) from the microbiological point of view established for dry food. There was no thermal influence on flowability of powders. The product had smaller rest angles 45° and were classified as being free flowing and low apparent density and compression. Regarding color, the powders showed strong tendency to red. The Chroma component (C*) revealed that the mix at 90° C had a higher color intensity compared to the other samples. The powders were classified as very different to ΔE. Products may be considered an excellent source of phenolic compounds (3171.71 to 1296.30 mg GAE/100g) and with remarkable anthocyanin content (47.52 to 38.36 mg/100g d.b) and ascorbic acid (285.61 to 58.09 mg/100g d.b). The powders showed high antioxidant capacity and satisfactory content even after drying (DPPH: 500.16 to 204.16 μmol TE/g d.b and ABTS: 15.66 to 2.52 μmol TE/g d.b). The powder mix showed no uniform particles. The higher mass percentage retained for post at different temperatures were the basis of the equipment (47,04 a 68,61%) and the sieve 60 mesh (250 mm). All products obtained had low solubility at room temperature (20.74 to 21.34%). For the powders of WAI it was observed that at room temperature the starch present in the composition of the post, ungelatinized. Through particle morphology it was possible to distinguish some starch granules with different shapes and sizes (which have the shapes and values). The moisture sorption isotherms indicated that the powder mix should not be dried at lower moisture levels to 4.98 H2O/100 g, and the dried product will have already secured microbiological stability when presenting 12.64g H2O g d.b. humidity. The GAB model was the best fit, with good accuracy for the product moisture sorption isotherms (adsorption: R2: 0.9987 and P: 6.3079,% and desorption: R2: 0.9997 and P: 1,85%).
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    Recobrimento de pimenta-do-reino (piper nigrum l.), em leito de jorro, com suspensão polimérica de amido de mandioca, plasticizada com etanol
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) QUEIROZ, Nian Iury Ferrão; REGO, José de Arimatéia Rodrigues do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4163468898377462; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-0891-6438; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-7306
    This study aimed to evaluate the black pepper coating technique using a fluidized bed, focusing on its applicability in the food industry. The research explored the optimization of operational parameters, such as suspension flow rate, temperature, and blower flow rate, using the response surface methodology within a Box-Behnken design. The goal was to improve the efficiency of the coating process, ensuring uniform distribution of the coating over the black pepper grains. This study investigated the fluid dynamic and physicochemical behavior of black pepper seeds coated with a cassava starch-based biofilm, applying the spouted bed process. The seeds were classified in group D of the Geldart classification, indicating good fluidization potential and excellent flowability, facilitating the coating process. The sphericity of the seeds (0,98) and their density (1,45 g/cm³) directly influenced their behavior in the bed, allowing minimal fluidization at a velocity of 38,32 cm/s and a pressure drop of 7,13 cmH2O. The molecular interaction between the starch and ethanol generated biofilms with flexibility and mechanical strength. However, ethanol's volatility requires control during the drying process to maintain the biofilm's quality. The spouted bed process proved efficient for coating application, and the desirability function analysis indicated that the established criteria were satisfactorily met. The results confirm the technical feasibility of applying biopolymer coatings to black pepper seeds, contributing to the development of biodegradable alternatives aligned with environmental demands
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    Recobrimento de sementes de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) com suspensão biopolimérica em leito de jorro
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-14) SANTANA, Elza Brandão; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
    It was studied application of starch in natura come from manioc starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in obtaining a biopolymer suspension in the coating of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), using as coating equipment a conventional spouted bed. We analyzed the physical and chemical characteristics of cassava starch and seeds, as well as the physiological characteristics of the seeds in natura and covered. Tests were carried out to obtain the biopolymer suspension including preliminary immersion coating tests, to evaluate the acceptance of the seed structure by the polymer matrix, based on physical data (angle of repose). For the execution of the coating process, tests were performed to define the coating operation, which included adjustments in the operating system from the study of fluid dynamics to the pumping of the suspension to make it possible to define the conditions of operation of the spouted bed. Fluid dynamics curves were constructed with different charges and atomization pressures, obtaining the fluid dynamic parameters ΔPM, ΔPje, ΔPmj and Umj. From the fluid dynamics results, the operating conditions were determined for a load of 1000 g of seeds, spray pressure of 5 psi, distance of the spray nozzle of 14 cm above the fixed seed bed and air velocity in the range of 1,9 to 1,29Umj. To analyze the coating process used an experimental design type PCCR considering the input variables, air temperature (Tar) and flow rate of the suspension (Qs), and efficiency responses (η), growt of the particle (δ), loss grip (Pad), process evaporation rate (Ėp), germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). To estimate an optimal point of this operation was applied to define desirability function, wherein the generated optimum for the overall desirability was 0.9630 with the seed bed operating at 51 °C and 12 mL/min, respectively. The obtained results show that the coating process was efficient in relation to the values obtained for the responses and also to maintain the physiological qualities of the seeds. In addition, to open precedents for application in foods since the seeds covered had water activity of 0,34, in front of an initial activity of 0,62 for the seeds in natura.
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    Uso combinado de técnicas não convencionais na recuperação de astaxantina do coproduto gerado no processamento de camarão-rosa (farfantepenaeus subtilis)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) SILVA, Aline Kazumi Nakata da; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7524720020580309
    The large amount of co-products generated in the production chain of shrimp processing has created a discussion about their use for the manufacture of high-added value ingredients. Regarding this subject, the use is both an attempt to minimize the pollution caused by the inadequate disposal of industrial waste in nature, and a way to generate income through the extraction of substances of economic interest. For this, knowing the amount of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus subtilis), which is the main species of marine shrimp produced by capture fisheries in the state of Pará, is essential since it is recognized as a source of these substances by the specialized literature. In the present work, two ways of using the pink shrimp co-product were studied, the first through drying in a spouted fluidized bed and the second through the extraction of the astaxanthin (ASX) carotenoid through enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). For drying the co-product, the spouted bed is a good alternative due to its low operating cost and high efficiency in removing moisture from the material. The co-product (pink shrimp cephalothorax) was ground in a food processor and then dehydrated at temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C, and later, conducted to an ASX extraction step using palm olein as a solvent at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 °C. In carrying out the ASX extraction with enzymatic hydrolysis and UAE, the effects of the enzyme type (alcalase, flavourzyme and a mixture of alcalase and flavourzyme in a ratio of 1:1, v/v), enzyme concentration (0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 % relative to the sample mass) and hydrolysis time (0, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). Alcalase was the most efficient enzyme, whose action culminated in the extraction of almost 70 % of the relative content of ASX of the sample. The ASX content was significantly and positively affected by the enzyme concentration (p<0.05) for all the enzymes, but the hydrolysis time was only partially significant.
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