Navegando por Assunto "Matemática"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 126

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A história da matemática como metodologia de ensino da matemática: perspectivas epistemológicas e evolução de conceitos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-28) GOMES, Emerson Batista; ESPÍRITO SANTO, Adilson Oliveira do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5870609258842071
We are frequently censured of a population without memory, not for we have not passed, that would be absurd and our homeland is responsible for several cultural constructions and you conquer scientific-technological. The problem resides in the negligence character that most of the population is habituated when of the conservation of the good values and you know. Being like this, a lot of activities and procedures are treated with neglect by this part of the population. We are not being here just about the population with not very or any access to the education, but of the class intellectualized that trust in the science as something finish and without historical foundation, once they excel for the obtained results and not for the means of construction of these knowledge. It is in this context that we judged he/she/it to justify our assertion epistemological. We possessed the understanding that nothing related to the teaching process should be treated without a formation conceptual paltada in its history. This for we believe that only after a reflection act about the actions practiced in the daily academic, we can notice the due relationships incorporated to the field of the personal, social and cultural conscience. Having incorporated such ideal, we felt the back-up need in the certain of the Mathematical Education, more specifically in if being about the defense of the History of the Mathematics as teaching methodology. For so much we investigated by means of a questionnaire the positions with relationship to the education, to the history and the several teachers' of the public net mathematics and peculiar of teaching. The these teachers' thoughts went of great importance to mold the forms with that would approach our defense of the history as methodology of teaching of the mathematics. We judged important, still, our explicit way to conceive the reflection by means of the construction of the knowledge, being this treated so much in philosophical stamp as psychological. The construction of the dissertation would not be complete if we didn't discuss the forms of perception of the history in elapsing of the times and our conception of the history as teaching methodology. That we made it, with the hope of we be contributing to the improvement of the mathematics teachers' posture in class room and of the conscience that should have memory of the construction of ours you know.
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A minha vida seria muito diferente se não fosse a matemática: o sentido e os significados do ensino de matemática em processos de exclusão e de inclusão escolar e social na educação de jovens e adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-18) RODRIGUES, Ana Maria Sgrott; ARAGÃO, Rosália Maria Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5651914385447486
The present inquiry deals with a case study which is concerned to the students of a public school as part of a special program of Young and Adult Education. Such students were registered in 3rd. and 4th. stages of that program, whose curricular format corresponds to the four last series of Junior Basic Education. These stages concentrate matter, space and time in order to develop four school years in two. The school is located in a geographic area occupied by slums whose community lives in a real condition of social exclusion. That region sits close to two public important universities. Young students as well as adults in that context were studying in that school just because they lived a school trajectory marked by social obstacles and other impediments to study and work at the same time, so that they could not improve their schooling grades without interruptions that had hindered them to conclude their Basic Education. For these reasons I aimed to investigate what kind of elements in Mathematics Education can contribute successfully for the desirable inclusion of these students in schooling regular activities, as well as elements that create effective exclusion of school as a phenomenon that inversely acts in order to give feedback to the inevitable process of social exclusion of those students. So, I assumed the construction of this inquiry in a narrative way related to the particular context of that school, while involving and interacting with the subjects of this research, which are students, teachers and other employees of the school. I considered their life stories and the way they consider the pedagogical events in their school living, especially those related to Mathematics Education. Therefore, I aimed as objectives of this research to produce other directions, other relations and nexuses that could answer 'how ' and ' why ' the considered criteria of analysis contribute to bring out the process of schooling either inclusion or exclusion. These analyses make possible to evidence the terms of imminent exclusion, detached either by the school indifference or by the teachers misformation to teach those students. Besides that I noticed the disrespect for the life-history of the students that distorted a clear pedagogical vision when it is supposed "adequate curricula summary" and "equality of chances" in the comparison of the former excluded students with the legally said as students in regular education".
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A propriedade distributiva da multiplicação: uma visão diagnóstica do processo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) DIAS, Josete Leal; SILVA, Francisco Hermes Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912906225739008
The objective of this study is to investigate the application of the distributive property of multiplication in the numeric and algebaric contexts, and in the solution of problems carried out by students of Basic Education in a public school in Belém, examining in what measure the application of the distributive property is related to the difficulties found in the mathematics learning. In this investigation, we highlight the diagnostic evolutation and the error as a didactic strategy as well as hermeneutic contribution concerning the ways of assessing the process of acquiring the skills of math. The study inlued fifth and seventh grade students of basic course and the frist uear of high school, out of forty-five sibjects. The collection was carried out in two moments by applying a test presenting three sets of questions in a total of thirteen problem situations. The procedures of the subjects concerning the application of the distributive property were described in a perspective of qualitative analysis. The protocols presented were to look for behavior patterns in the understanding of the subjects on the distributive property, as well as to clarify situations which were entitled didactic obstacles. As a result, it was evident that the students presented some difficulty to work with the application of distributive property when the latest one is found in the context of problem solutions, as well as contents like algebraic sum, study of variables, nonsimilarterms are not in the domain of most of the students.
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A realidade como princípio metodológico no ensino da matemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-05-24) SILVA, Luiza Pereira da; MENDES, Iran Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4490674057492872
This study has the purpose to argue the actions developed in the school in an interdisciplinary conception, having the Generating Subject as axle of curricular orientation, using as a methodological strategy for construction of the thematic nets in the classroom the work projects (inquiry projects). We believe that the process of teach-learning and the construction of the school and scientific knowledge from the valuation and approach with knowledge of the reality (daily knowledge), will become more efficient in a dialogical process between students, teachers and knowledge that interact in a movement of orientation on the part of the teacher and for the search to understanding methematics knowledge, applying it and systemizing it toward new knowledge.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ambiente computacional interativo para auxílio do processo de ensino aprendizagem de matemática básica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-21) SILVA, Francisco Robson Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987212907837941; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Affonso Henderson Guedes de; OLIVEIRA, Roberto Célio Limão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497607460894318
Learning is permeated by a continuous process of knowledge construction and reconstruction, with the introduction of computer education in the process of learning, together with the analysis of approaches of Educational Psychology and Mathematics Education, was possible in this work, the development of a prototype computer turned to the aid the learning of mathematics. This prototype is an interactive computational environment to support the learning of the four basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division). This issue of great impact in the school environment, it is not learned properly, presents serious problems in the development of the student's mathematical learning. The work involves four steps: Theoretical education on the process of learning, with greater emphasis on constructivist approach, the teaching process learning of mathematics, its problems and prospects of change through learning assisted by computer, design and modeling of the prototype followed by the results obtained during the same applications, these results support the proposal's original work. Keywords: teaching, learning, education, mathematics, computer prototype.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de um processo de estudo de semelhança
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-05-11) SILVA, Reginaldo da; GUERRA, Renato Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3199659904537033
This is about an investigation of a study procedure between similar images made by a research community, in a high school class from the public state branch in the outskirts of the city of Belém, seeking to answer if the activities developed by students in classroom characterize a mathematical activity in view of the didactic transposition theory by Yves Chevallard. This is accomplished through collaborative activities that try to identify the flow of mathematical knowledge evoked by students while building a concept of similarity. The research is of a qualitative nature with an ethnographic approach, adapted to education according to Lüdke and André. Analysis show that accomplished activities promote a mathematical action, therefore mathematical activity through the knowledge raised and the links established upon construction of comprehensive models of the concept of similarity by students. Difficulties are outlined as important elements identifying knowledge and their links, such as the research community collaboration eases the studying process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise praxeológica de conexões entre aritmética e álgebra no contexto do desenvolvimento profissional do professor de matemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-16) PEREIRA, José Carlos de Souza; NUNES, José Messildo Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5188612973174798
This study is an autobiographical narrative research that demonstrates the analysis of my praxeologies, in the context of my professional development, as a mathematics teacher. The focus of the analysis falls on the various praxeological conflicts I have faced in the classroom during the elaboration and application of an educational proposal for teaching polynomial operations to students in the 7th grade (1st year of junior high school). In this study my intention was to answer the following question: Which connections between arithmetic and algebra determined my praxeologies during the educational amplification I developed, to teach the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of polynomials, in the 7th grade of fundamental education? In order to analyze my own praxeologies through the educational proposal I elaborated, I used the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) of Yves Chevallard as the main theoretical reference. The analysis I made of my own praxeologies involved the system of decimal numeration, fundamental arithmetic operations, polynomial operations, types of tasks and techniques, the cognitive universe and praxeological equipment. The results show that my personal relations with types of ostensive and non ostensive object sand the types of tasks and techniques present or not in the educational proposal I elaborated, reveal which past and present praxeologies made up the different moments in my professional development as a mathematics teacher. In this sense, before graduation I lived the praxeologies of a lay teacher, during and after my specialization my cognitive universe went through praxeological conflicts, revealing that the institutional subjections shaped my praxeologies for teaching polynomial operations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aprendizado de regras matemáticas: uma pesquisa de inspiração wittgensteiniana com crianças da 4ª série no estudo da divisão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-01) SILVA, Paulo Vilhena da; SILVEIRA, Marisa Rosâni Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3588315106445865
In this study, we investigated the learning of mathematical rules in the context of the classroom, emphasizing, primarily, the discussions about language. Our main goal was to investigate the linguistic difficulties, faced by students during the learning of mathematical rules, in particular, the concept / division algorithm. To this end, we discuss, among other things, the theme "following rules" proposed by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in his Philosophical Investigations. Our work and our analysis were based primarily on this author, who discusses, among other themes, language and their meaning and foundations of mathematics, as well as the reflections of philosopher Gilles-Gaston Granger who analyzes the formal languages. We conducted a field survey that was developed at the “school of pedagogical application” of the Federal University of Pará, in a class of fourth grade. The lessons taught by the classroom teacher was observed and later the students were asked to solve division problems, verbal and nonverbal, followed by a brief interview in which we ask, among other issues, how students solve problems involving the division. In our analysis we highlight some students' difficulties, perceived in observations and in their written records or oral: some students, in its resolution strategies, invent new “mathematical rules". There are still those who "confuse" the contexts in solving verbal mathematical problems as well as the difficulty of understanding the problems that bring implicit information.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem em modelagem matemática pelas interações dos elementos de um sistema de atividade na perspectiva da teoria da atividade de Engestrom
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-23) BRAGA, Roberta Modesto; ESPÍRITO SANTO, Adilson Oliveira do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5870609258842071
This thesis entitled "Learning Mathematical Modelling the interactions of the elements of an activity system from the perspective of the Engeström activity theory" aimed at understanding effects on learning by interactions evidenced in Mathematical Modeling environment, from the perspective of Engeström activity theory. To accomplish this, I developed in the Mathematical Modeling Experimental Laboratory (LEMM), at the University Campus of Castanhal (UFPA), modeling activities with groups of Math Course students in graduating, graduate or post graduate students to obtain data through observation and interview. Based on the principles of the Engeström activity theory, Mathematical Modeling developed by the students were understood as an activity system that involves the elements (subject, object and community artifacts mediators, rules and division of labor) that relate to a result, that are mediated by interactions for achieving a result. Research has shown that the collective work, the historicity and multivocality of subjects acting in overcoming contradictions to reach expansive transformations have repercussions on learning in Mathematical Modeling, configured as an activity system, the interactions of the elements of the system itself.
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As atitudes em relação à matemática dos professores das séries iniciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) TRINDADE, Patrícia de Campos Corrêa; SILVA, Francisco Hermes Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912906225739008
A presente pesquisa teve como finalidade verificar a ocorrêncai de atitudes em relação à Matemática de futuros professores dos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental que atuarão em escolas no Estado do Pará. O estudo foi realizado em uma universidade pública, no município de Belém. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 96 alunos (47 do primeiro semestre e 49 do último semestre). Os instrumentos utizados para a obtenção dos dados relativos aos alunos foram uma escala, do tipo Likert, de atitude em relação à Matemática proposta por Aiken, 1969 revisada por BRITO, 1996; (Anexo I) e um questionário semi-aberto composto de questões sobre o comportamento frente ao aprendizado da Matemática e/ou sobre como enfrentar a responsabilidade de ensinar Matemática nas séries iniciais (Anexo II), cujo objetivo foi obter informações relevantes para o presente estudo. O resultado da análise das atitudes em relação à Matemática constatou que 53 pessoas das 96 têm atitudes mais positivas em relação à Matemática, ou seja, representando 52%, cuja média ficou em 51. Os resultados da análise da escala mostraram um coeficiente de confiabilidade elevado, sendo alfa = 0.9544. A análise do questionário revelou que não há diferença significativa de concepção entre os grupo entre os grupos, 63% dos sujeitos com atitudes positivas e negativas detêm a concepção mecanicista da Matemática e, evidenciou que os sujeitos que apresentam atitudes negativas (futuros professores) não têm um bom desempenho em Matemática.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As concepções de professores formadores em relação ao uso da história da matemática no processo ensino aprendizagem nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SILVA, Johnattan Amorim da; GONÇALVES, Tadeu Oliver; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6789250569319668
The objective of this research is to investigate the conceptions of teachers-trainers of Mathematics teachers with relation to History of Mathematics in the teaching learning process in order to understand which ideas and methodologies these teacherstrainers use when are about historical approaches or to teach History of Mathematics subjects. In order to this was carried out a quality research with using of semistructured interviews with a nine teachers group that teach classes in Higher Education institutions, in particular in Mathematics Undergraduate Courses. To analyze these teachers speeches, our research subjects, we find to understand their conceptions and practical experiences are about the History of Mathematics. Were adopted three analysis categories using the teachers interviews: First Contacts with History of Mathematics; Learning Strategies and Pedagogical Potentiality; and Obstacles of using of History of Mathematics. In the first category there were significant differences, the five teachers have argued that they have not kept any contact with the History of Mathematics while graduation studentes and the others four teachers have had contact only in one subject gone with of only certain text-book. In second category we have realized that learning strategy used for the most of teachers when are about History of Mathematics is through of using of seminaries. In third category five teachers have argued the existence of obstacles. The teachers conceptions study participated of this research has pointed out the importance of History of Mathematics in the teacher education and considerations about the applicability or difficulty of using of History of Mathematics in the teaching learning and its contribuition in the mathematical and critical development of student.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A avaliação das aprendizagens em matemática: uma metanálise a partir de teses brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-03) ANGELIM, José Aurimar dos Santos; BORRALHO, António Manuel Águas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3404547486428285; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-2958; GONÇALVES, Tadeu Oliver; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6789250569319668; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-5853
The evaluation of learning in mathematics has been a focus in dialogues and consequent research concerned with the promotion of knowledge. For many years the evaluation was taken as a mere verifier of knowledge, from the perspective that the teacher understood necessary and sufficient that was learned. The student was a mere depository of knowledge and also subject to verification. The formative processes evolved and in contradiction to the controls imposed by world financing of the education of emergent countries, one saw, for example, the diverse models of Large-Scale and external evaluation of them, understanding that in this way it would be possible to understand how the students were presenting their performance. This made the anxieties mobilize us to understand how the Academy presented the Evaluation in its researches, because I understand that this delimitation can bring a profile of the Evaluation in the country from the University as a producer of knowledge. Therefore, immersion in the readings on the subject and in the dialogues made me problematize the situations that troubled me to answer the question: how is the evaluation of learning in mathematics in Brazilian doctoral research? Therefore, I proposed to investigate the presentation of the evaluation of learning in mathematics, based on the theories, epistemologies, principles and precepts presented in Brazilian theses between 2011 and 2015, emphasizing the proposed assessment knowledge. The methodology adopted for this process was the meta-analysis, since it is understood that analytical analysis is a relevant action for future research in the field and for the use of the mathematics teacher educator, highlighting, in a process that, together with the systematic review, may respond to guiding question. After diving in the Platform Sucupira, through the thesis bank, I made a tiresome search of the theses that adopted the terms evaluation and mathematics, so that the 17 theses outlined in the various doctoral programs that had a direct relationship with Mathematics Education could be reached. With the research corpus delimited, I set out to analyze the analyzes, where I infer, through the hermeneutic interpretation, what were presented in the three axes of analysis constituted, defined as Propositional Elements, Methodological Elements and Conclusive Elements. With the research, I could recognize that among the seventeen theses studied, eight of them do not deal with the Evaluation as a central theme, and the remaining nine that deal with the theme in their research focus, are placed under several reverberations of Evaluation in the educational context: evaluation as a research practice, external evaluation as a tool for studies around mathematical knowledge and the Evaluation of learning in higher education. Among what I can define as a conclusion, I affirm the importance of establishing spaces for evaluative dialogues in educational institutions, in formal and non-formal environments. Still on the theses, I consider that there are some obstacles that I call obstacles, which prevent certain conceptions about evaluation: the absence of dialogues on evaluation; the separation of didactic-pedagogical and specific training; the requirement to comply with a curriculum imposed and imposed; the emphasis on the results of external evaluations; shortage of academic meetings that disrupt educational programs; a mechanical reproduction of assessment as part of the teaching-learning process. Therefore, I understand this thesis as a driver of new research that studies the evaluation, its perceptions, practices and contexts of concepts and educational operationalization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do uso de tecnologias digitais no apoio ao processo de modelagem matemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-17) FURTADO, Alfredo Braga; ESPÍRITO SANTO, Adilson Oliveira do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5870609258842071
In this research we investigate the utilization of Digital Technologies when mathematical modeling is used as a teaching strategy in mathematics, with the purpose to evaluate the learning that occurred in this environment. To achieve this goal, we studied the Mathematical Modeling and identified a modeling perspective to be employed in work; then, we studied the use of Digital Technologies (TD) in Education, focusing on the potential and the restrictions mentioned in the literature. As theoretical basis, we studied the theories of computerization of Tikhomirov, in particular the theory of reorganization of thought and activity theory of Leontiev and Engeström and Collective Thinking of Pierre Lévy. The purpose here was to formulate a methodology for teaching Mathematics with Modeling and Digital Technologies, which took into account the necessary conditions that would ensure effective improvements in learning. Thus, we proposed a methodology that explicitly incorporates a step in the process of modeling of utilization of TD, as well as gives emphasis on formative evaluation during the teaching process, so that the developed modeling projects achieve the expected learning objectives. Conditions for success of Digital Technologies in Education were identified. The proposed methodology has been implemented for a class of discipline "Mathematical Modeling", belonging to the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics and Science Education of Institute of Math and Science Education of Federal University of Pará (PPGECM/UFPA), which allowed us to evaluate its applicability, scope, results, relevance and assumptions that need to be addressed to ensure improved learning in the context of research. The results of qualitative research are identified: respecting the constraints identified, Digital Technologies effectively empower learning. Factors that demonstrate the aforementioned learning improvement have been identified.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação em matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: práticas aceitas e movimentadas no cotidiano escolar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-06) BRITO, Maria Augusta Raposo de Barros; LUCENA, Isabel Cristina Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3255121871351967; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9515-101X
School evaluation is a complex process involving and considering the viewpoints of learning throughout students lifetime. This premise motivated the investigation performed to answer the question: “How is teacher rationality organized on the theoretical field of mathematical assessment in the early school years in order to promote learning?”. The research question gave rise to the general objective of the thesis, which consists in investigating, under the classroom context, imperative acts made clear during the evaluative practice in the scope of early years as a means of characterizing the teaching rationality concerning school evaluation in mathematics. This objective was divided into three other specific ones: to identify acts of understanding that constitute the teachers’ knowledge of the early years regarding evaluation in order to identify epistemological obstacles; to list dynamic evaluative procedures in terms of their purpose and the instruments used in the context of mathematics teaching in the early years; to classify evaluative tasks designed by the teachers of the early years in the teaching of mathematics. Three public school teachers from the early years of elementary school participated in this study, two in Belém/Pará and one in Évora/Portugal. For the study, a qualitative characteristic methodology was used, focusing particularly on the case study in light of the descriptive-interpretative character under which the data collection, consisting on non-participant observation and interviews, was based. Through the definition of objects and their corresponding dimensions, a Research Matrix or Guide was conducted, providing a look at didactic elements that constitute the pedagogical evaluative practice. Throughout the research process, it was necessary to develop a theoretical corpus to comprehend the phenomenon investigated in a broader way, anchored in the ideas of Hoffmann (1991), Perrenoud (1999), Buriasco (2002), Fernandes (2005, 2006, 2008), Afonso (2009) and Lukesi (2010) in the tangent to the school evaluation, as well as in Bachelard (1996) considering the possibility of identifying the epistemological obstacles present in the evaluation teaching practice. With the narratives in hand, it was possible to triangulate the data to answer the research question. From the results, I affirm that the evaluative practices accepted and implemented in the school context are cultural productions, that is, they are evaluative traditions that rest on a knowledge based on the teacher's own empiricism, from which the "scientific [spirit] starts with the class", classes that sometimes indicate beliefs that the repetitive demonstration (of teaching objects) is capable of teaching, and therefore, one cannot deny that this assumption can be reverberated in evaluative practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O braille fácil em matemática no ensino superior: uma experiência com um aluno cego na perspectiva de promoção de autonomia
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2017-06) SANTOS, Felipe Moraes dos; MORAES, Marcos Evandro Lisboa de; SALES, Elielson Ribeiro de
This article refers to access information in higher level mathematics.The goal is that these students make use of software that meets your needs with a certain autonomy and proposes the use of these, both by students and by teachers who have the need to prepare specific materials for the visually impaired.The methodology included researchfrom the case study. The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and the use of exercises with the use of Braille Fácil software. The research had as a participant with a visually impaired student majoring in Mathematics and it was concluded that the said software enables certain autonomy to a visually impaired person as well as being accessible to people who do not completely master the Braille symbols.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Código de modernidade e sistemas antigos: a propósito do uso da informática pelos professores de matemática da rede pública estadual em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) PEREIRA, Franz Kreüther; GONÇALVES, Tadeu Oliver; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6789250569319668
The use of the technologies of Information and Communication TIC at the scholar environment, besides allow the access to one universe of informations so chaotic than unimaginable, promoted a deep transformation in the relation of your main actors teachers and students with knowledge. Since the end of 80s that, in Brazil, many programs appears with the objective of to provide to the public education equals conditions with the private education, searching through the insert at the schools from municipal and state; a technologic environment for learning. Based on the use of computers connecting to the Internet enabling a jump of quality of the public education. The purpose of this search is inspect if the teachers of Mathematic - acting at the public schools in Belém/PA that has Informatic Laboratory - create proceedings with that technologic to find better ways for your pedagogical praxis; favouring the transmission of informations to the build of knowledge and Math concepts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento matemático: relações ordinais e inferência transitiva em pré-escolares
(2007-03) RIBEIRO, Mylena Pinto Lima; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; ENUMO, Sônia Regina Fiorim
Basic skills on mathematics can be taught directly to pre-scholars in risk of learning difficulties. This research examined the behavior control by ordinal relations in 14 children (mean age: 5 years and 1 mosnth old) with low school performance from a municipal school in Vitoria. Initially, the students were individually assessed; after that a computerized teaching procedure was applied to teach ordinal performances and then the occurrence of generative performance was assessed. All the children met the teaching criterion, thereby establishing the behavior control by ordinal relations. In the transference of stimuli function assessment, 14 children ordered new sequences of stimuli with the computerized procedure and eight children with the non-computerized procedure. We may conclude that basic skills for learning mathematics can be taught directly in spite of the failures in the initial repertoire of the child.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compreensão de professores de matemática sobre números fracionários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) DIAS, Josete Leal; ESPÍRITO SANTO, Adilson Oliveira do; SILVA, Francisco Hermes Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912906225739008
This research is a review of its objectives in terms that how mathematics teachers fractional numbers in order to make it a significant knowledge to the student. From the review of the literature on this subject of education I chose to confine this study in two ways: one where endogenous bring the contributions of Kieren (1976) and Nunes et al (2003) including fractional numbers from the part-whole meanings, number, multiplying operator, measure and quotient. These meanings were taken from Vergnaud (1990) as a set of situations that give meaning to the concept of fractional numbers. Another exogenous through the contributions of sociology of knowledge according to Fleck (1976) and cultural mathematics by Alan Bishop (1990). These two routes were selected in order to answer: What teacher`s Mathematics understanding manifested when facing a set of situation involving fractional numbers? The study included twenty-one teachers from public and private with more than three years experience in the sixth year of elementary school. The study involved the application of a diagnostic test with at least two sections for each participant containing fifteen questions involving the meanings of fractional numbers above posts. Data were analyzed from the categories: invariant surgery, the five meanings, communicative dynamics. As a result it was possible to indicate that participating teachers understand fractional numbers from the part-whole meanings and multiplicative operator, and the communication of the Exoteric Circle (the professors) than the Esoteric Circle (academic productions) thereby enhancing the communicative dynamics that by intracoletiva turn does not help the school in general, and pedagogical practices in particular, the development of values such as openness to teaching Mathematics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunicação em Matemática na sala de aula: obstáculos de natureza metodológica na educação de alunos surdos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-01) NEVES, Maria Janete Bastos das; SILVA, Francisco Hermes Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912906225739008
The fundamental premise of this research is to analyze teaching situations in mathematics with the content of multiplicative problems classified based on Huete and Bravo (2006) through the practice of teachers (both deaf and hearing) with deaf students, searching for indicatives of methodological obstacles that may be present in the process of mathematical communication in teaching situations involving these subjects. As a guiding for the research, we used a theoretical reference that supports the teaching-learning process for deaf children with specific emphasis on the teaching of mathematics which has “LIBRAS” (Brazilian Sign Language) as its the vehicle driving force, we tried to raise some reflections about what conditions must sustain teaching. The research is an exploratory descriptive and was conducted in a Specialized Unit in deaf education. The records were made by filming. Data were analyzed from the perspective of the didactic and pedagogic elements present in the moves of its subjects and that contributed to the obstacles or to the success of the teaching-learning process of content involved. From our analysis, we concluded that the teaching of mathematics to deaf ones requires some skills from the professional involved, namely: a broad mastery of “LIBRAS”, Mathematics, Portuguese and specific teaching strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunicação matemática: concepções e práticas letivas de futuras professoras dos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) ARAÚJO, Angélica Francisca de; BORRALHO, António Manuel Águas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3404547486428285; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-6278-2958
This is the report of a research with a qualitative approach of interpretative character, developed through a design of collective instrumental case study, with the collaboration of a group of Integrated Degree in Education in Mathematical Sciences and Languages of the Institute of Mathematical Education and The study, a formative experience on the theme "mathematical communication" that developed through the thematic axis "language and knowledge" (compulsory curricular component), started from the assumption that the conceptions about mathematical communication of future teachers of the initial years are formed during all their school experience (elementary, middle and undergraduate) and manifest themselves in their classroom practices during the initial training, while in internship activities. The research took place in two interconnected moments: the first one in the university classroom, in which the researcher also assumed the role of teacher of the class, and the second through the observation, by the researcher, of the teaching practices of three participants, during the classes that they taught in the compulsory internship. The objectives of the research are described as follows:a) general objective: understand the concepts and practices of mathematical communication of future teachers in the early years and their relationse b) specific objectives: (i) to identify and understand the conceptions about mathematical communication of future teachers in the initial years; (ii) analyze and discuss how the conceptions about mathematical communication of future teachers of the early years are manifested in the learner practices during the initial formation; and (iii) relate learner conceptions and practices about mathematical communication during initial training and internship activities. Mathematical communication was treated as an aspect of the teaching practices of future teachers, trying to analyze if their conceptions are related to their classroom practices. Data emerged from reflective journals, questionnaires, interviews and observations, instruments used to collect data in the two moments in which the research developed. The analysis of the data was done through a triangulation based on a table organized in objects of analysis and instruments of data collection. The study evidenced that the conceptions about mathematical communication identified refer to effective and favorable communication to social interactions in mathematics classes, but the relation between these conceptions and learner practices during initial formation and in stage activities is not linear, in communication practices, from the point of view of the interactions and the arguments of their students, the communication is less effective than the one expressed in their conceptions.