Navegando por Assunto "Morfologia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 44

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variação morfológica de Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) e Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) LIMA, Ana Caroline de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The subfamily Dipsadinae contains about 22 genus of Neotropical fauna and 24 others considered incertae sedis, but with common characters to the Dipsadinae subfamily. The genus Dipsas, Sibon, Sibynomorphus and Tropidodipsas compose the Dipsadini tribe, which is considered a well-based monofiletic group. The tribe is characterized by snakes with a high degree of morphologic specialization, related to the way of feeding and to adaptations to the habitat. The Dipsas genus includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America, it is constituted by thin and elongated snakes, with short and prominent head, great eyes, vertical pupils and absence of mental groove. The species are visible variable in coloration, number of scales and others morphologic characters. This extreme variation has made it difficult to define the limits between the species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. The great morphologic variation of characters in D. catesbyi and D. pavonina, associate to the difficulty to identify taxons and the lack of information on geographic distributions, justify the necessity of a detailed analysis of these species. For that, the present study was divided in two chapters. The first one corresponds to the analysis of the individual, sexual and geographic variation of D. catesbyi and D. pavonina and a comparison of characters between the two species. The second one corresponds to the analysis of the macrostructure of the cephalic glands in these two species, relating them with others taxons of Dipsadinae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da morfologia e sedimentologia do baixo curso do rio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-28) SILVA, Ariane Maria Marques da; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113886150130994
The Xingu River is an important tributary of the Amazon River, contributing with 5% of its total water discharge. Nevertheless, it does not contribute substantially with sediment load. The lower reaches of the Xingu River correspond to a Ria, as a result of the Holocene sea-level rise. It is also classified as a tidal river, where tides reach over 1 m at its confluence with the Amazon River. This study evaluated the morphology and sedimentology of the area, correlating it with hydrodynamics, aiming to understand the still ongoing infilling process of the Xingu Ria. The study area encompasses a stretch of about 180 km, from the Xingu-Amazon river confluence upward to the narrowing of the channel, near the city of Vitória do Xingu. During the maximum sediment discharge of the Amazon River (i.e., feb/2016) 109 bottom sediment samples were collected, whereas 11 of the sampling sites were re-sampled during the minimum water discharge period of both rivers (i.e., nov/2016). During the maximum water discharge period of the Amazon River (i.e., jun/2018), additional water level measurements were undertaken simultaneously in several locations along the Xingu River, as it was also performed during the other campaigns. The morphology was evaluated on the basis of the bathymetric surveys of the Brazilian Navy (CLSAOR/DHN), including about 20,000 points. The results showed that the infilling process of the ria lake has taken place from both ‘ends’ of the area- from the Xingu River itself, forming a prominent bay-head delta, as well as from the Xingu-Amazon River confluence, where tides have transported Amazon River sediments upstream into the Xingu Ria. Furthermore, there is a central portion of the ria lake with large cross-sectional areas, reached only by relatively small amounts of sediments, being a quiescent environment within muddy sedimentation. In a transversal perspective, sands seem to prevail along the margins, where local wave action seem to result in bluff erosion. Longitudinally, sands are substantially more frequent at the bay-head delta area, and at the confluence area, where cross-sections are clearly narrower. Results also suggest that the sediment input from the Amazon River into the Xingu ria has reduced over time, whereas the combination of cross-section area variation and the Xingu River water discharge itself reduce the sediment flux from the Amazon River into the Xingu River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfológica in vitro da ação de antifúngicos em cepas de Fonsecaea pedrosoi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-21) MASSOUD JUNIOR, Heleno Ramos; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2310734509396125
Choromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a disease caused by traumatic implantation of many species of melanized fungi. The State of Pará is the major endemic area in Brazil and Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the major etiological agent. The treatment is not standardized and many forms of interventions are related in the literature. In the other hand, the in vitro susceptibility test to antifungal drugs may help in the therapeutic choice and in the identification of resistant strains. The objective of this work is to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of 20 F. pedrosoi clinical isolates to itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KCZ), fluconazole (FCZ) and terbinafine (TBF) as well as the possible morphological alterations induced by ITZ or TBF in the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and high concentrations. The tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, M38-A2 document) recommendations. The final concentrations of ITZ, TBF and KCZ in each test were to 16 to 0.03 μg/mL. To FCZ the final concentrations were to 64 to 0.125 μg/mL. The MIC was defined as the lowest drug concentration that inhibit 100% the visual growth when compared to the non-treated group after five days of incubation at 30°C. ITZ proved to be the most effective drug in vitro against F. pedrosoi (CIM 90= 1μg/mL). TBF showed a low drug activity with 70% of the isolates with MIC ≥ 0.5 μg/mL. The conidia morphological analysis revealed an increasing in the diameter, an interruption of the cellular division and the formation of little chains after the treatment with ITZ in the MIC. At the high concentration used in the susceptibility test we noticed an irregular shape, a detachment of pigmented material from the cell wall and a vacuolization. Rupture in cell wall and amorphous conidia were observed at 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL. Significant alterations were not observed after treatment with TBF at the same concentrations. Moreover, the 5-fluorocytocise (5-FC) and FCZ do not stop the conidia growth at high concentrations. However, ultrastructure alterations were noticed after treatment with 5-FC 64 μg/mL. Thus, it is suggested a different morphological pattern after ITZ or TBF treatment during the in vitro susceptibility test. In synthesis, ITZ shown better in vitro antifungal activity while 5-FC only provoked structures alterations in the highest concentration tested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfométrica do sistema auditivo periférico da preguiça (Bradypus variegatus)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-27) SOUSA, Pêssi Socorro Lima de; FRANCO, Edna Cristina Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5939607544965550; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
The mammalian super order Xenarthra is composed of about 31 extant species of armadillos, anteaters and sloths. The tree sloths belong to two genera, Choloepus and Bradypus, which diverged close to 40 million years ago. The similarities between the two taxa, such as the presence of green algae in the fur and the suspensory locomotor ability, are remarkable examples of convergent evolution. The exact location of the xenarthran lineage within the mammalian phylogenetic tree isn’t completely understood yet, with some recent rearrangements of the placental mammal family tree considering xenarthrans to be either most closely related to Afrotheria (that includes shrews, aardvarks, seacows and elephants), or Boreoeutheria (that includes primates, rodents, carnivorans and ungulates). The aim of present work is to describe for the first time the morphological features of both the middle and the inner ear of Bradypus variegatus and compare them to other placental mammals whose data is available in the literature. We used 13 mature postmortem specimens (males and females) and 15 skulls from the collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Than measurements, techniques were used optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography. Within the sloths’ phylogenetic tree, the genus Bradypus is positioned as the sister-taxon to all other sloths. Our results show that the morphology of the middle and inner ears of Bradypus variegatus are similar to other mammals with data published in the literature and they present allometric scalation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfométrica em cinco espécies do gênero Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata : Scincidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) PINTO, Gabriel Silva; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
The present study has as its main objective to analyse the ontogenetic variation of body shape in the South American skinks Mabuya agi/is Boulenger, 1887; M. bistriata (Spix, 1825); M. guaporicola Dunn, 1936; M. rnacrorhyncha Hoge, 1946 and M. nigropunctata (Spix, 1825). Interspecific differences of body proportions as a possible result of allometric growth in these species are also examined. PCA analysis was used for estimate the both ontogenetic trends and allometric growth. Ontogenetic trend lines were significantly different between M. guaporicola and the others species, and between M. bistriata and M. nigropunctata. Ali of the other pairs showed significantly different Y intercept between each other. Analysis of the allometric coefficients indicates that relative reduction of limbs associated with body elongation in Mabuya guaporicola are due to the reduction of its hands, feet and specially digits; M. rnacrorhyncha presents a high and stout pectoral girdle and its hands show an accentuated reduction; in M. bistriata, its arms are relatively short and its thigh and tibia elongate. M. nigropunctata is the species which the least modified body shape during ontogeny. The association of these results with data on habitats utilized by each species (obtained from the literature) indicates that some morphological specializations found in each species could be explained as functional adaptations to their habitats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anatomical and histological characteristics of teeth in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)
(2013-12) SILVA, Daiane Claydes Baia da; FAGUNDES, Nathália Carolina Fernandes; TEIXEIRA, Francisco Bruno; PENHA, Nelson Elias Abrahão da; SANTANA, Luana de Nazaré da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues
The agouti species Dasyprocta prymnolopha (D. prymnolopha) is a medium-sized rodent, diurnal, and characteristic of northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon. Several studies have been made on these rodents. However, there is a lack of analysis of masticatory system, in particular morphology of the teeth. Thus, this research seeks to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the agouti teeth. For this purpose, we used adult agouti, in which measurements and descriptions of teeth and dental tissues were made. It was observed that the dental arch of D. prymnolopha comprises of twenty teeth, evenly distributed in the upper and lower arch, being inferior teeth larger than their corresponding higher. The incisors are larger, and between the posterior premolars and molars, there is a gradual increase in length in the anterior-posterior arch. In microscopic examination, a prismatic appearance was observed consisting of enamel prisms arranged in different directions, behind the enamel and dentin with standard tubular dentinal tubules with variable diameter and far between, also showing a sinuous path from the inner portion to the junction with more superficial enamel. Morphological analysis of dental tissues showed that an enamel with structural organization adapted to the act of chewing and high impact dentin compatible with standard tubular function resilience and mechanical damping of masticatory forces, as found in larger animals, confirming the understanding of eating habits that define much of its ecological functions within the ecosystem they inhabit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos morfológicos comparativos entre neurônios da camada I do córtex visual de duas espécies de roedores: Cavia porcellus e Rattus norvegicus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-20) MOREIRA, Thayana de Nazaré Araújo; SILVA FILHO, Manoel da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2032152778116209
The layer I has as main characteristic the low number of neurons and a high density of nerve fibers. The morphology of neurons of layer I is still understudied, so that in studies evaluating the morphology of these neurons has not yet reached a consensus on the forms and functions of these neurons. This study evaluated the morphology of neurons in layer I of the visual cortex of two rodent species: Cavia porcellus, popularly known in Brazil as a guinea pig and Rattus norvegicus, which is the rat and the Wistar strain was used, commonly used in scientific research. The guinea pig is a widely studied animal model used in several areas of science. Although this species is well studied, works on layer I of this animal are relatively rare, especially in relation to morphology and electrophysiology of neurons in this cortical region. Research in rats on neurons of layer I are more frequent, both in relation to morphology and electrophysiology. To discriminate the potential for differences in the morphology of neurons in layer I of the visual cortex of the guinea pig and mouse, this study classified these neurons according to the trajectory of their dendrites and dendritic measures analyzed using the technique of intracellular injection of biocytin. After classification of neurons comparisons were made between the same cell types of each rodent. 35 guinea India Dunkin-Hartley variety of short-haired of both sexes aged 4-5 days of postnatal life were used. As for the rats, 30 rats of Wistar variety of both sexes aged 14 to 21 days of postnatal life were used. The animals were anesthetized and had their brains removed, separated hemispheres and sections were made in the coronal plane in the occipital region where is located the visual area of rodents. Slices were maintained in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and then brought to the microscope to inject biocytin and subsequently were fixed and treated for mounting on slides and counterstained with Nissl for better viewing. Neurons found were classified as horizontal, ascending, descending and radial. The receptive field area, total and average dendritic length, total area of the cell body, dendrites number, distance from the pia mater and distribution analysis Sholl: The following dendritic measures were analyzed. Results of the most notable were the extent of dendritic branches and the size of the cell body of neurons of layer I of the guinea pig compared to rat. This suggests that in this species, a larger number of neural microcircuits can be established, and therefore greater metabolic rate justified by the size of the cell body.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Brazilian Angiostrongylus cantonensis haplotypes, ac8 and ac9, have two different biological and morphological profiles
(2014-12) MONTE, Tainá Carneiro de Castro; GENTILE, Rosana; GARCIA, Juberlan Silva; MOTA, Ester Maria; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos; MALDONADO JUNIOR, Arnaldo
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Cases have been recorded in many parts of the world, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the biology and morphology of two different Brazilian haplotypes of A. : ac8 and ac9. A significantly larger number of L1 larvae eliminated in the faeces of rodents at the beginning of the patent period was observed for ac9 haplotype and compared to the total of L1 larvae eliminated, there was a significant difference between the two haplotypes. The ac9 haplotype showed a significant difference in the proportion of female and male specimens (0.6:1), but the same was not observed for ac8 (1.2:1). The morphometric analysis showed that male and female specimens isolated from ac8 haplotype were significantly larger with respect to body length, oesophagus length, spicule length (male) and distance from the anus to the rear end (female) compared to specimens from ac9. The morphological analysis by light microscopy showed little variation in the level of bifurcations at the lateral rays in the right lobe of the copulatory bursa between the two haplotypes. The biological, morphological and morphometric variations observed between the two haplotypes agree with the observed variation at the molecular level using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I marker and reinforce the possible influence of geographical isolation on the development of these haplotypes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Chemical, morphological, and thermogravimetric of Terminalia catappa Linn
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03) SANTOS, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos; LORENZO, Natasha Dantas; LANNES, Suzana Caetano da Silva
The objective of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, morphology, and the thermogravimetric behavior of the pulp of Terminalia catappa, also known as tropical almond. The analytical results show, based mainly on its lipid content, that this fruit has a considerable energy value. Its fiber content contributes to enhance the functional properties of the fruit. Morphological characteristics show a spongy-like structure with dispersion of starch granules and high concentration of fiber bundles, confirming the results of the chemical composition analysis. The thermogravimetric behavior exhibited by this fruit pulp when submitted to progressive temperature increase under dynamic air atmosphere shows that this raw material has great potential for industrial use due to its high absorption rate of water soluble and/or lipid-based compounds, allowing its use as a dietary complement or supplement ingredient in food products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cytogenetic and DNA barcoding reveals high divergence within the trahira, Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the lower Amazon River
(2013-06) MARQUES, Diego Ferreira; SANTOS, Fabíola Araújo dos; SILVA, Simoni Santos da; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; RODRIGUES, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro
Molecular and cytogenetic data have provided evidence of cryptic speciation in the widespread South American trahira, Hoplias malabaricus. In the present study, karyotypes and DNA barcode sequences of specimens from seven populations inhabiting the lower Amazon River were analyzed in order to characterize the levels of genetic divergence within a single karyomorph. All the specimens presented karyotypes with 2n = 40 chromosomes (20m+20sm) that were consistent with the species' C karyomorph. The DNA barcodes revealed six haplogroups, with clear divergence between populations from Brazil and Argentina. The results support the species complex hypothesis and indicate that a single karyomorph of H. malabaricus may harbor more than one species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e comparação morfológica da terminália feminina das espécies de Agromyzidae (Diptera: Opomyzoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MONTEIRO, Nilton Juvencio Santiago; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Agromyzidae is a family of phytophagous flies with great morphological similarity. The male terminalia is the main structure that helps in the identification of the species. However, the female terminalia has been largely neglected by most of the works until now. In this study, the female terminalia of 27 species in 9 genera of Agromyzidae (Japanagromyza Sasakawa, Melanagromyza Hendel, Calycomyza Hendel, Galiomyza Spencer, Liriomyza Mik, Nemorimyza Frey, Phytoliriomyza Hendel, Phytomyza Fallén, Pseudonapomyza Hendel) have been described which were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Female abdomens were cleared in 10% KOH, dissected and the female terminalia were drawn using a microscope with camera lucida. The shape of the ninth abdominal segment, the spermathecae and the number of marginal cerdae were important characteristics to identify each species. The shape and length of the egg guides were useful to identify both subfamilies of Agromyzidae (Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae). Some considerations about similar characteristics have been based in hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationship among genera of the family Agromyzidae. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for the identification of female specimens from now on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Description of a new species of Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra dos Carajás, rio Tocantins basin
(2012-09) WOSIACKI, Wolmar Benjamin; DUTRA, Guilherme Moreira; MENDONÇA, Marina Barreira
A new species of Ituglanis is described from the rio Tocantins basin, State of Pará, Brazil. Ituglanis ina, new species, is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a dark vertical bar over the base of the caudal-fin rays (vs. no bars over caudal-fin base); and by the presence of a middle trunk line of tiny neuromasts extending along the flank until the vertical through the dorsal fin, or near the caudal-fin base (vs. no middle trunk line of tiny neuromasts). Ituglanis ina can be further distinguished by a combination of characters related to color pattern and morphology. Comments on the relationship between Ituglanis species are presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento inicial do Pacu-branco Myloplus Rubripinnis (Characiformes: serrasalmidae) da bacia do Rio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-22) OLIVEIRA, Elzamara de Castro; ZACARDI, Diego Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8348319991578546; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2652-9477; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737
The species Myloplus rubripinnis, popularly known as the white pacu, has great ecological potential as a seed disperser and represents an important food and economic resource for several riverine families. However, little is known about the bioecology of adult specimens, and there is no research on the early development of this species. In this context, the present study aimed to morphologically characterize the initial phases of the life cycle of M. rubripinnis, captured in the middle stretch of the Xingu River, and identify the main changes in growth patterns through different regression models. The individuals were collected using a plankton net in various habitats present in the Xingu River, during the four phases of the local hydrological cycle (flood, flood, ebb, and drought) between January 2021 and April 2022. After identification, the specimens were classified according to the developmental stage into the larval period (yolk-sac, preflexion, flexion, and postflexion) and the juvenile period. A total of 55 individuals with a standard length ranging from 7.21 to 35.53 mm were analyzed. During the larval period, the eyes are large and spherical, the head size varies from small to large, and the fusiform body ranges from long to moderate, with a convex dorsal profile. The intestine reaches the middle region of the body, and the mouth is terminal. Initially, the larvae are altricial, with pigmentation scarce in the body, limited to a linear band along the lateral line and intensifying towards the back of the caudal peduncle. In the early stages, small clusters of punctate chromatophores appear in the occipital region, on the side of the snout, in the first rays of the dorsal and anal fins, at the base of the anus, and in the rays of the caudal fin. In more developed stages, irregular vertical bands form throughout the body. The total number of myomers ranged from 41 to 42 segments (21 to 22 preanal and 20 postanal). The complete sequence of fin formation and the number of unbranched and branched rays are as follows: caudal (superior iiii+9-7+iiii inferior), dorsal (iii,20), anal (iii,32), ventral (i,5), and pectoral (i,10). The growth analysis indicated greater changes during the transition from the flexion to the post-flexion stages, marking the end of larval development. It is noteworthy that the pattern of pigmentation, along with meristic data, serves as effective distinguishing characteristics for identifying the species among its congeners. This emphasizes the importance of morphological, meristic, and morphometric aspects for the accurate identification of the species in its naturals environment. Additionally, this information can aid in understanding the locations and spawning periods, as well as contribute to the management, conservation, and sustainability efforts of this Neotropical fish.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Developmental morphology of mouthparts and foregut of the larvae and postlarvae of Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Decapoda: Callianassidae)
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2006) ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; MELO, Marlon Aguiar; LIMA, Jô de Farias; ABRUNHOSA, Jacqueline Pompeu
In this study, the gross morphology of the mouthparts and foregut of the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia were investigated from larvae and postlarvae reared in the laboratory. The mouthparts (maxillae and maxillipeds) of the zoeae have a reduced number of setae and spines (or is absent in some individuals), and the foregut, under developed, have few minute setae in the cardiac and pyloric chambers. In contrast, after the metamorphosis into megalopa stage, all feeding appendages have many setae and, the foregut shows a well-developed gastric mill with strong lateral teeth. In the juvenile stage occurs an increase of setae and spines in the mouthparts and the foregut becomes more specialized. These observations strongly suggest that a lecithotrophic development occurs during all zoeal stages but the megalopa and juvenile stages are feeding animals. The functional morphology of the feeding structures of L. siriboia and other decapods will be briefly discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dez novas espécies de Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) e três novas combinações
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-21) SOUZA, Alexandre Salgado de; RUIZ, Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3135887179267009
Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 from Brazil are described: A. belzonte sp. nov. (♂), A. bifidus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. caxiuanan sp. nov. (♂), A. draconicaudatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. janauri sp. nov. (♂), A. loxodontillus sp. nov. (♂), A. mysticetus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. nigrigenu sp. nov. (♂), A. pulvinus sp. nov. (♂) and A. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀). A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus and three new combinations are established for species presently misplaced in Amphidraus: Nebridia parva Mello-Leitão, 1945 = Titanattus parvus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) new comb., Nebridia manni Bryant, 1943 = Truncattus manni (Bryant, 1943) new comb. and Nebridia mendica Bryant, 1943 = Truncattus mendicus (Bryant, 1943) new comb. Several new records for A. santanae Galiano, 1967 are provided, enabling brief comments on the morphological variations founded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimorfismo sexual da espessura da retina: uma análise de aprendizagem de máquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03) FARIAS, Flavia Monteiro; SALOMÃO, Railson Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9518575270670446; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971
The present research compared the accuracy of machine learning algorithms in classifying the thickness and volume measurements of retinal layers as obtained from male and female subjects. The study evaluated the retina of sixty-four healthy participants (38 women and 26 men), with normal vision and without eye or systemic diseases, aged between 20 and 40 years. The data acquisition was obtained with a Spectralis HRA+OCT tomograph in the macular region of the retina and its layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retina (IRL) and outer retina (ORL). The classification accuracy was obtained with the following algorithms: support vector classifier (SVC), logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analyses (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), decision tree (DT), gaussian naive bayes (GNB) and random forest (RF). The characteristics attributed to each participant's samples were the thickness values in the nine regions of the macula plus the total macular volume of each retinal layer. The statistical tests Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc were used in the statistical comparisons between the accuracies for the classifier and retinal layer variables, considering a significance level of < 0.05. All factors (classifier, retinal layer, and their interactions) had significant influences on accuracy (p < 0.05). The main effect of the algorithm type factor resulted in an F ratio of F (6, 630) = 4.527, p = 0.0002. The main effect for the retinal layer produced an F ratio of F (9, 630) = 51.64 and p < 0.0001. The interaction effect was also significant, F(54, 630) = 1.741, p = 0.0012. All algorithms classified with high accuracy (> 0.70) the innermost layers of the retina (total retina, inner retina, RNFL, GCL, INL) according to the gender of the participants, where we observed significant differences between genders in thickness and measurements volume. The SVC, LDA, and LR algorithms produced high accuracy (>0.70) when thickness and volume data came from the RNFL compared to the outermost layers of the retina. The KNN, RF and DT algorithms performed better in correctly classifying the total retina data in relation to the outermost layers. The thickness and volume of the retina and the innermost layers of the retina allow machine learning algorithms to be more accurate in separating data from different sexes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre a várzea e terra firme: estudo de espaços de assentamentos tradicionais urbanos rurais na região do Baixo Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-29) OLIVEIRA, Kamila Diniz; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453X
The administrative region of Baixo Tocantins was one of the first to receive European colonization in the State of Pará, underwent a typically Amazonian occupation initially established in the estuary of smaller rivers and streams, which advanced to the mainland after the transformations resulting from the integration of the Amazon to the rest of Brazil by land (through highways) and the Tocantins River dam by the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Plant. Road access has assumed an increasing importance in the establishment and expansion of settlements and towns and in the reconfiguration of cities. Although the region is home to the largest industrial district and the largest export port in the state, it has intense economic activity linked to extractivism, with emphasis on the pressure for an economic revitalization of the floodplain areas through the expansion of açaí management. Given this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the spatial arrangements of settlements of traditional populations located in the floodplain and on dry land in the municipalities of Cametá, Mocajuba and Baião, based on the methodologies of Lefebvre (2006) and Soja (1993) , on the trialetic nature of space (decomposed into spaces conceived, perceived and lived). The space of the study area was investigated based on these three dimensions, articulating territorial scales and ways of life, which seek to understand the historical context, the policies directed to the region and its socioeconomic formation, the form of appropriation of its spaces by communities that are heirs to and enslaved indigenous and African peoples, and the very morphology (spatial arrangements) of these communities that is organized in an increasingly complementary way to the city and urban structures and services. It was concluded that the peasant way of life is heir to innumerable political, cultural and social processes and actions, and adapts to the new; that spatial reorganization occurs through the transfer of areas of residences to the community center and the subdivision of work areas affected by public policies (eg, housing production or credit access framework), which has modified spatial arrangements both in the floodplain and on the mainland, and favoring the conversion of extractive use to others less adapted to the Amazon biome; and that the identification and registration of the processes of spatial transformations, in this type of study area, is a fundamental resource for the generation of a spatial repertoire more suited to urban, municipal and territorial policies destined to the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Foregut morphology of Pseudothelphusidae and Trichodactylidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) from northeastern Pará, Brazil
(2010-04) ALVES, Soraya Tatiana Macêdo; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; LIMA, Jô de Farias
The gross morphology of foregut was investigated and described in detail for four freshwater crab species: a pseudothelphusid, Fredius reflexifrons (Ortmann, 1897) and three trichodactylids - Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853), Valdivia serrata White, 1847, and Dilocarcinus septemdentatus (Herbst, 1783). In general, the gastric mills of freshwater crabs showed a similar degree of complexity in relation to other marine species of Anomura and Brachyura previously described in the literature. However, significant morphological differences were observed among the analyzed species, as in ossicle numbers, features and connection types. A total of 38 ossicles were described for S. pictus and V. serrata and 37 ossicles for D. septemdentatus and F. reflexifrons, respectively. The latter species can be distinguished from the others by the presence of a wide cardiac sac resembling two sacs. Most of the ossicles were connected through a rigid connection, and few ossicles were fused. The degree of calcification varied little among the studied species. The differences found among the species suggest that the morphological aspects of the foregut may be useful in the identification of similar species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geographical variation in the reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the Boddaert's tropical racer, Mastigodryas boddaerti (Serpentes: Colubridae)
(2013-10) SIQUEIRA, Débora Mendes; NASCIMENTO, Loana Pastana; MONTINGELLI, Giovanna Gondim; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos
We obtained data on time of sexual maturity, dimorphism, fecundity and on the reproductive cycle of Mastigodryas boddaerti (Sentzen, 1796) through the examination of 321 preserved specimens, of which 221 were collected in the Brazilian Amazon region and 100 in the Cerrado savannas of Central Brazil. The degree of sexual size dimorphism (snout-vent length, SVL) was significantly greater in the specimens from the Cerrado in comparison with those from the Amazon. Females had a significantly larger number of ventral scales, on average, whereas males had more sub-caudal scales. However, there was no intersexual difference in tail length or head width, although the heads of the males were significantly longer, which may reflect dietary differences. Breeding females from the Amazon region contained between one and six eggs (N = 12, mean = 3.0), whereas two females from the Cerrado had four to six eggs (N = 10, mean = 5.0). No relationship was found between the SVL of the Amazonian females and the number of eggs or vitellogenic follicles they contained (Cerrado females were not analyzed here due to small sample size). Males are smaller than their female counterpart when they reach sexual maturity. Even though females from the Amazon reproduce throughout the year, females from the Cerrado breed seasonality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, Rhea Americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): a standard for Brazilian birds
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11) GALLO, Samira Salim Mello; EDERLI, Nicole Brand; BÔA-MORTE, Murilo de Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de
Blood exams are an indispensable tool in bird medicine. This study aimed at describing values and aspects of rheas' hematology, Rhea americana, as well as analyzing the morphology and morphometry of all blood cells. Fifty eight adult rheas of both sexes from two farms, one in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo State and the other in São Carlos, São Paulo State, were selected. Blood samples were taken and RBC count, PCV and Hb levels measured and used in hematimetric indexes calculations. The total and differentiated leukocyte counts, as well as the TPP and fibrinogen were determined. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes were identified and characterized morphologically. The values for the red series and hematimetric indexes were: RBC (2.81±0.15×106/μL), PCV (44.20±2.86%), Hb (12.12±0.74 g/dL), MCV (15.75±0.89 fL), MCH (43.18±1.82 pg), MCHC (27.44±0.80 g/dL); the values of white series were: WBC (12.072±4116/μL), heterophils (64.10±9.90%), eosinophils (2.05±2.06%), monocytes (6.40±2.99%), lymphocytes (26.93±9.62%), basophils (0.52±1.27%). One may conclude that on average, rheas' blood cells are larger than those of other birds, but these cells in smears cannot be differentiated only by their size. Besides rheas' leukocytes have different components and coloring as in other bird species, however, there are no components or staining aspects unique to the species.