Navegando por Assunto "Ovino"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cinética de fermentação e parâmetros ruminais de animais alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de inclusão de torta da amêndoa de castanha-do-pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-25) BUDEL, Juliana Cristina de Castro; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SOUSA, Luciano Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4653514398045610; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The fermentation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) brazil’s nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) - (BN) were evaluated in the proportions 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60 and 100% dry matter in substitution of corn silage (CS) by in vitro gas production in the times 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The experimental design for the gas production was in randomized blocks with six treatments, three blocks and two repetitions per block. To estimate of ruminal kinetics fermentation parameters of each treatment, the model of France et al. (1993) was fitted to the data. In in vivo experiment, we evaluated the ruminal parameters of sheep fed 0, 15, 30 and 45% (MS) TAC, and corn silage. The rumen fluid collections to determine the concentration of SCFA, pH and N-NH3 were held at 08h00, before the diet supply, and at 10h00, 12h00, 14h00, 16h00 and 18h00, post-prandial. The design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with four treatments and three replications. The variables results: acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate ratio, pH and NH3 were subjected to analysis of variance and regression (linear and quadratic) considering treatment time and the interaction of both. We used the F test, with significance level of 5% (P<0.05). The standard kinetic fermentation and ED was declining linear (P<0.05), reducing total gas production at each level of coproduct addition. There was no significant interaction between treatment vs time for all SCFA variables (P>0.40), acetic acid (P>0.41), propionic (P>0.85), butyric acid (P>0.62) and pH (P>0.57). There was also effect on the total concentration of SCFA (P>0.75) nor in acetic acid (P>0.07) among the treatments. The concentration of propionic and butyric acids mMol/100ml of ruminal fluid reduced (P<0.001) (p<0.022) with the addition of 45% DM TAC. The highest concentrations in the measurement times were observed 4 hours after feeding. The pH values showed a quadratic effect both inclusion (P<0.001) and time (P<0.001). There was interaction (P <0.001) between treatment vs time NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration and the ratio of acetic: propionic acid (P<0.014). It is recommended the use of the TAC, at levels equal to or less than 30%, combined with different carbohydrate sources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo, em ovinos sob dieta com níveis de inclusão de farelo de dendê (Elaeis guineenses)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHO, Bianca Damasceno; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of palm kernel meal (Elais guineensis) - PKM, at levels of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% in total dry matter of the diet in place of corn silage on voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and intake behavior in sheep. 20 females were used, with an average of 35 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages that received the diet in two meals, 8h and 17h, distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments and four replications. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para State, Brazil, for 30 days, of which 21 adaptation and facilities, five days of data collection for determination of intake and digestibility of nutrients, and four days of evaluation of behavior pet chewing. Increased linearly (P> 0.05) were observed in the intakes of all nutrients except EE and NFC, which had no effect (P> 0.05), depending on the levels of PKM in the diet.. A quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the apparent digestibility values, with maximum levels of 31% to 40.4% inclusion of PKM in the diet, except for the digestibility of EE (EEDC) and digestibility of NFC (CDCNF), which had no effect (P> 0.05). The animals reduced feeding time and increased the time fired in idleness, with a maximum of 14 hours / day, with the inclusion of 37.62% of PKM. The number of ruminated boli per day were not affected by dietary levels of PKM, while rumination time for cake quadractricaly, with a minimum value of 44.37/second, at the level of 35.19% of PKM. The number of chews (NMM) quadractricaly, with estimated minimum values of 51.16 MM / MM cake and 32,002.44 / day, respectively, 33.68% and 35.06% inclusion by product. The dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were influenced by dietary levels of PKM, which caused changes in feeding efficiency and rumination (eg MS g NDF / hour) and rumination (eg MS g NDF/cake). The inclusion of PKM increases the consumption of the diet DM, improved eating behavior, their use is recommended until the level of 40% in the diet, which does not compromise nutrient digestibility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação por sal em ovinos e caprinos no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This paper reports the first outbreaks of salt poisoning in sheep and goats in Brazil on a farm in the state of Pará. The evaluation of the facilities and the handling indicates as predisposing factors the excessive intake of mineral mixture and water restriction. The first outbreak occurred in sheep, eight animals (1,46%) were affected from a total of 545 animals and four (50%) of them died. The second and third outbreaks occurred in a herd of 191 goats. In the second outbreak, four animals (2,09) were affected and none died. In the third outbreak, eight goats (4,19%) were affected and two (25%) of them died. In sheep the main clinical signs were recumbency, decrease or absence of cutaneous sensibility, absence of auricular, palpebral and menace reflexes, mydriasis, nystagmus, opisthotonus, spasticity of limbs, somnolence and stupor. Beside this signs observed there were bloat, diarrhea, tachypnea, tachycardia, dehydration and polyuria. The clinical course of the disease in sheep that died ranged from 2 and a half hours to 48 hours. The main clinical signs in the goats were muscle weakness, abnormal posture of the head and neck such us staying with his head down, head and neck rotation, neck extension and lateral deviation of the neck, sternal and lateral recumbency, mydriasis, absence of pupillary reflex to light, stay with pelvic and thoracic limbs abduced or in broad-based, increased flexor reflex, polyuria and intense thirst were observed. They were observed also rumen hypomotility, tachycardia, decreased skin turgor. The clinical course in goats of second outbreak varied from 4 to 24 hours. In the goats of third outbreak who died the evolution ranged by six to eight hours and two to three days in the goats who have recovered. The medium of serum concentration of sodium and potassium of 31 sheep from the same group affected on samples collected during the outbreak revealed hypernatremia (190 mEq/l) and hyperkalemia (8.2 mEq/l), respectively. The mean serum concentrations of sodium and potassium of 36 goats from the same lot of animals affected in the second outbreak in samples taken two days before the onset of clinical signs revealed hypernatremia (167 mEq/l) and the average level of potassium (4.7 mEq/l) within the reference values for the species. The averages of these same parameters in samples from goats in the third outbreak with clinical signs of intoxication (143,7 mEq/l for sodium and 3.9 mEq/l for potassium) were within the reference values. However, the averages of these same parameters in samples of goats in the third outbreak, with clinical signs of intoxication (143.7 mEq/l for sodium and 3.9 mEq/l for potassium), were within the reference values. At necropsy in only one of four sheep there was flattening of the cerebral gyri. Microscopically in this sheep there was a vacuolization of the neuropil in the cerebral cortex with moderate intensity in the intermediary surface and mild on the superficial, with increased of perineural and perivascular spaces. In these areas there was still markedly swollen nucleus of astrocytes and acute neuronal necrosis. Noteworthy macroscopic or microscopic changes were not observed in the goats. The dosages of sodium showed high values in the brain of the poisoning animals, in an ovine value of 3,513 ppm and in two goats, values of 3,703 and 3,675 ppm. Five goats of the third outbreak were treated with dexamethasone and thiamine, intramuscularly, twice daily for two days, and water was offered in small amounts three times a day. All treated animals were recovered in three days. The diagnosis of salt poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, in the lesions, in the dosages of sodium in serum and brain and in the response to treatment in five goats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de fritura residual na alimentação de ovinos: consumo e digestibilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-27) OLIVEIRA, Cristiane do Socorro Barros de; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of residual frying oil consumption and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in the diet and nitrogen balance. In consumption test and the apparent digestibility was used 20 Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 19.29±3.17 kg, in a completely randomized design. The experimental period lasted 19 days, 14 days of adaptation and five total collection of the diets fed, orts, feces and urine. The total collection of feces was performed on plastic collectors and weighed daily. Urine was collected in plastic buckets and added daily in collectors hydrochloric acid 10%. The animals were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed twice daily with diets based on roughage and concentrate (50:50), while residual oil was included in the diet at concentrations of 0; 2; 4; 6 to 8% of the dry matter of the concentrate. The addition of the residual frying oil had no significant effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), detergent fiber acid (FDA), total carbohydrate (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC). However, consumption of lipids (EEC) increased linearly with the inclusion of oil in the concentrate, Y=0.0244 + 0,0051X (p<0.01). Also, there was no effect on the digestibility of DM, CP, OM, NDF, ADF, CNF and TCHO and nitrogen balance. The digestibility of EE increased linearly with the addition of oil in the diet, Y = 83.68 + 1,66X (p<0.01). The inclusion of the residual frying oil in the diet of sheep, in the inclusion of up to 8% of dry matter in the concentrate can be used without damage to the intake and digestibility of nutrients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de palma na alimentação de ovinos, degradabilidade ruminal e digestibilidade aparente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) MORAIS, Eziquiel de; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683521652094464; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420
The effects of including increasing levels of palm oil on the in situ ruminal degradability parameters of nutrients, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) of elephant grass silage, and the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ethereal extract (EE) in experimental ovine diets were studied. The following treatments were tested: including palm oil at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg DM of the total diet. The diets were made up of elephant grass silage and concentrate based on corn, soy meal, and mineral mix. The palm oil was mixed to the concentrate to facilitate its distribution, with a 1:1 roughage:concentrate ratio maintained with formulations that were isoproteic and isofibrous, but not isoenergetic, offered at a ratio of 1.5% of the live weight (restricted intake). No significant (P>0.05) similarities were found in the ruminal degradation variables assessed with the inclusion of up to 75 g oil/kg DM. The apparent digestibility of organic matter suffered a linear reduction, an effect contrary to what was observed for EE, whose apparent digestibility showed a linear increase. The digestibility of the other nutrients was not impacted by including palm oil in the diet, which suggests this lipid source can be used at levels above the recommendations for including free fat in ruminant diets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Periodontite em ovinos no estado do Pará: etiologia, aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-29) SILVA, Natália da Silva e; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and bacteriological the first periodontitis record in sheep in Brazil occurred in a rural property in the municipality of Benevides, Para. The outbreak occurred about a month after grazing in the area of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, which suffered agricultural practices, there was swelling in the jaw in a few animals, mostly those over the age of 36 months. The extraoral examination was performed in 545 sheep and there was swelling of the jaw in 3.7% of them. Clinical signs were low body score, rough hair coat and dull, some relaxation and loss of premolars and upper and lower molar teeth, abscess and fistula formation in the affected site, demonstration of pain on palpation and difficulty chewing. Between the 39 heads of young animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination, 51.3% had lesions somewhere and between the 38 analyzed after maceration, 73.7% also had injuries. 45% of the lesions from the 39 heads were in the maxilla, 15% in the mandible and 40% in both structures (maxilla and mandible) and from those heads with injuries observed after maceration 50% of the lesions were in the maxilla and 50% in the maxilla and mandible. Between the 17 heads of adult animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination and after maceration all had lesions somewhere. In the post-mortem examination, 11.8% had lesions in the mandible and 88.2% in both structures; after maceration, 5.9% were in the maxilla, 11.8% in the mandible and 82.3% in both structures. The histopathological findings revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammatory process. To characterize the subgingival microbiota of the 14 sheep with periodontitis it was performed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), especially for microorganisms belonging to the red complex Socransky (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola) and other possible Gram-negative and Gram-positive periodontopathogens. There were identified in 50% of the samples Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia in 92.8% and Treponema denticola in 78.5%. The three periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex occurred simultaneously in 42.8% of the samples. We also identified in at least one of the examined animals Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Enterococcus faecium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella loeschii. In the 14 samples Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Dialister pneumosintes, Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gulae were not detected. The results showed that the sheep periodontitis occurred in the municipality of Benevides - PA has an infectious etiology and rushed a significant number of animals, many with bulging of the jaw; had high incidence in young and involved all of the adult animals post-mortem and after maceration examined.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Respostas termolíticas e qualidade seminal de ovinos naturalizados criados em ambiente tropical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-30) KAHWAGE, Priscila Reis; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224
The study aimed to deepen knowledge about anatomical and physiological features related to body heat loss ability and relation to semen quality of naturalized sheep Morada Nova and Santa Ines on tropical environment. Nine male Santa Inês and seven Morada Nova breed were subjected to two experiments. The first test included monitoring of coat features (amount of melanin, thick, length and diameter of the fibers), sweat rate, physiological indicators of thermal comfort (respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, surface temperature, skin temperature and scrotal surface temperature), sperm quality (sperm concentration, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, major defects, minor defects and total defects) and testicular parenchyma integrity coupled with the meteorological variables measured throughout the year. Statistical analysis was performed using the GLM and LSMEANS procedures of SAS software, version 9.1.3. Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the summer and fall and winter, with increase in termolitics parameters during the hot season. Already sperm quality did not vary throughout the year. The second experiment evaluated the capacity of rams to maintain body and testicular homeothermy under thermal challenge. Animals were subjected to heat tolerance test, which consists maintenance in the shade (period 1), followed by exposure to the sun (period 2) and return to the shadow (period 3). In the three periods were measured: respiratory rate, heart rate, body surface temperature, back, eyeball and scrotum, by infrared thermography. Adaptability of the animals was measured by heat tolerance index calculation. Sperm quality and testicular parenchyma integrity were evaluated before and after the heat challenge. In Period 1, the variables had baseline values for both genotypes. In Period 2, the variables involved in thermolysis significantly increased (P<0.05), which matches a thermal discomfort situation. In Period 3, the variables returned to baseline values and some values were lower than those in Period 1. Seminal and ultrasonographic variables did not share with thermal insult. It is concluded that MN and SIN rams had efficient thermolytic mechanisms that favor preserving gonadal functionality. The animals were considered resilient to a thermal challenge.