Navegando por Assunto "Paleoambiente"

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Argilominerais da Formação Codó (Aptiano Superior) – Bacia de Grajaú: implicações ambientais e climáticas.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-06) GONÇALVES, Daniele Freitas; ROSSETTI, Dilce de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0307721738107549
The Codó Formation is exposed in the adjacency of the town of Codó (MA) and consists of a dominantly closed and hypersaline lacustrine setting. It is characterized by sucessions that are arranged into shoaling upward cycles averaging 1 m thick. The cycles are constituted upward by central lake deposits (i.e., evaporite and bituminous black shale), transitional lake deposits (i.e., laminated argillite, lime-mudstone, peloidal packstone and meso-crystalline carbonate) and marginal lake deposits (i.e., massive pelite, gipsarenite and calcarenite with fenestrae and features of palaeokarst, pisoidal packstone to grainstone, rhythmite and nodular chert). This work applied X-ray diffraction and microscopic (including scanning electron microscopy) analyses to investigate argillaceous rocks of the Codó Formation. The goals included the characterization of the clay mineral assemblage, definition of its nature and evaluation of its application as a paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental indicator. The facies studied in this work included: black shale, laminated argillite, lime-mudstone, massive pelite and rhytmite of carbonate and shale. These facies showed a clay mineral assemblage composed of smectite and, subordinately, illite kaolinite and interstratified illite-smectite. The smectite is, in general, detrital in nature, being characterized by crenulated flakes with parallel or chaotic arrangements. The smectite, when pure, exhibit high cristallinity and/or interstratification and has been classified as dioctaedric montmorillonite. Authigenic smectite can be locally found and is arranged in crystals averaging 2μm that show a honeycomb morphology, usually drapping ostracode shells in rhythmites. Kaolinite occurs as pseudohexagonal and equidimensional crystals averaging 1μm in diameter that replaces the smectite, and as booklets (averaging 8μm) that fill vugs. Its occurrence is substantially increased in marginal lake deposits, more specifically in the massive pelite facies. Illite occurs as hair-like crystals in transitional lake deposits as replacement of smectite. It is possible that part of the illite is detrital; in this case, it is characterized by a morphology in flakes that can hardly be differentiated from detrital smectites. The distribution of clay minerals throughout the studied profiles shows an upward decrease in both the amount and the crystallinity and/or interstratification of smectite. This tendency was also observed in some individual shoaling-upward cycles. Thus, central and transitional lacustrine deposits, located at the base of the sucessions, exhibit relatively increased amounts of smectite relative to kaolinite and illite, while the transitional and marginal deposits at the top show an inverse behavior. The dominance of detrital smectite and the large occurrence of evaporites in the study area confirm a warm and semi-arid climate during the late Aptian in the Grajaú Basin. The variability of clay minerals along the profiles correlates well with shoaling upward cycles, helping to better define them. The genesis of the authigenic clay minerals (i.e., kaolinite and illite) has been credited to pedogenic processes. The coexistence of kaolinite and illite is related to alternations between wet and dry periods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratigrafia e paleoambiente da Formação Pastos Bons, Jurássico-Cretáceo da Bacia do Parnaíba.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-06) CARDOSO, Alexandre Ribeiro; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Jurassic-Cretaceous transition was marked by the fragmentation of the West Gondwana supercontinent and consequent opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The pre-rupture stages were characterized by epeirogenic uplifts associated with voluminous magmatic accumulation in the infracrust. Additionally, expressive volcanic flows occurred in the central portion of the West Gondwana, composing the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). A post-CAMP thermal subsidence stage allowed the installation of massive lakes coincidently with the depocenters of the Parnaíba Basin, which is recorded in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Pastos Bons Formation (PBF). The PBF is a predominantly constituted of thick reddish mudstones interbedded to tabular sandstones. The basal portion is composed of fossiliferous black shales, the Muzinho Shale. Due to discontinuous exposures and fault displacements, the stratigraphy of the Mesozoic of the Parnaíba Basin keeps poorly understood and the is a necessity for more detailed faciological and sedimentological studies. In this sense, this research performed a sedimentological lecture of these deposits in order to elucidate the paleoenvitonment and Paleogeography of the PBF in the context of the West Gondwana, through outcrop-based facies analysis and cyclostratigraphy. The provenance of this succession was investigated through compositional sandstones diagram, quartz hot cathodoluminescence and heavy minerals analyses. The Muzinho Shale beds were evaluated through petrography, XRD and SEM/EDS. The PBF is composed of four facies associations, interpreted as central lake (FA1), sheet-like delta front (FA2), lakeshore (AF3) and ephemeral fluvial channels (FA4). FA1 is composed of drying/shallowing upward cycles, defined by millimeter-scale black shales interlayered with limestones, that grade to reddish shales and laminated/stratified sandstones. Shales are composed by quartz, illite, smectite and calcite. The fossiliferous levels include young and adult macroforms in the same horizon, sandwiched by crinkly laminations with organic rich Fe-smectites. FA1 indicate sedimentation in the center of the lakes, in eutrophic and anoxic conditions. Mass mortality events were probably induced by contamination of the ater column due to H2S release by cyanobacteria. The transition to mudstones and sandstones reflects the evolution of underfilled to overfilled lakes, as the sediment and water supply were increased. FA2 is composed of tabular sandstones in thickening upward cycles, which record unconfined flows and progressive lake filling, with consequent reworking of the top of the beds by wave action. FA3 is constituted of shallowing upward cycles, marked by wave marks, adhesion structures or mud cracks. FA4 is defined by fining upward cycles developed by ephemeral fluvial channels, with conglomerates and sandstones grading to mudstones. This succession defines open and stratified lakes, dominated by settling and unconfined flows, in hyperpycnal regime. The stratigraphic framework of the PBF is composed of four depositional cycles, constituted of centimeter to millimeter-scale cycles, bounded by flooding surfaces and unconformities. These cycles define a retrogradational-progradational-retrogradational stacking pattern, with increasing accommodation space upward conditioned by post-CAMP thermal subsidence pulses and variations in sediment supply. The Mesozoic succession suggests migration of the West Gondwana toward Equatorial regions during Jurassic-Cretaceous, with aridity attenuation relatively to the Permian-Triassic. The sandstones of the PBF indicate provenance from recycled orogens and craton interior, whereas cathodoluminescence data indicate predominantly volcanic sources. In order to test possible correlations with adjacent units, we verified the heavy minerals assemblage of the PBF is very similar to the Corda Formation, and both differ from the fluvial deposits of the Grajaú Formation. The ZTR, GZi and RZi indexes are higher for sandstones of the PBF and Corda Formation, and lower for the Grajaú Formation. The fluvial deposits distinguish mainly by sillimanite and high hornblende content (>50%). These data indicate polycyclic minerals and mixed sources for sandstones of the Parnaíba Basin. The Mearim Group exhibits volcanic contribution supplied by CAMP basalts and low to medium grade metapelitic sources. This last was possibly supplied by Neoproterozoic rocks of the Médio Coreaú Domain, Borborema Province. Differently, the Grajaú Formation was supplied by type-I Brazilian granites. This geological evolution indicates change in provenance areas or exhumation of common source areas during the Mesozoic of the Parnaíba Basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratigrafia e paleoambiente da Formação Poti e relações de contato com as Formações Longá e Piauí, borda Leste da Bacia do Parnaíba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-27) MIRANDA, Isabella de Fátima Santos de; SOARES, Joelson Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345968080357131; 1345968080357131
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo geológico da sequência Camiranga nordeste do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1985-09-17) IGREJA, Hailton Luiz Siqueira da; FARIA JUNIOR, Luis Ercílio do Carmo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2860327600518536
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução de um sistema lacustre árido Permiano, parte superior da Formação Pedra de Fogo, borda oeste da Bacia do Parnaíba
(2014-12) ANDRADE, Luiz Saturnino de; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Bandeira Cavalcante da
Stratigraphic and facies analysis in the Filadélfia region, TO, BR, at the western of the Parnaíba Basin, allowed redefine the paleoenvironment of the upper portion of the Pedra de Fogo Formation of Permian age. The studied deposits are a series of approximately 100 m thick, predominantly siliciclastic, with subordinate carbonates and evaporites, where were defined 21 sedimentary facies that could be grouped into six facies associations (AF): AF1) Lacustrine with ephemeral river deposits; AF2) Storm wave-influenced lake deposits; AF3) Continental sabkha deposits; AF4) Central lake deposits; AF5) Eolian dunes field deposits; and AF6) Lake/oasis deposits with inunditos. These associations indicate that during Permian, an extensive lacustrine arid system developed adjacent to eolian dunes fields and continental sabkha, as well as with contributions from ephemeral rivers. Fluvial incursions into lakes propitiated the formation of suspension lobes and sheet flows (AF1). Sabkha plains (AF3) were formed in the marginal portions of the lake that eventually were influenced by storms waves (AF2), while central zone were site of intense pelitic deposition (AF4). The low supply of eolian sand in this system resulted in the formation of restricted dune fields (AF5), with development of interdune lakes (oasis), where proliferating giant ferns, sporadically flooded by ephemeral rivers (AF6). The facies associations data, corroborated by the paleogeography of the region during the Late Permian, indicate that settling of the top part of the Pedra de Fogo Formation was laid during a hot and arid climate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Foraminifera, thecamoebians and palynomorphs as hydrodynamic indicators in Araguari Estuary, Amazonian Coast, Amapá State - Brazil
(2010-12) LAUT, Lazaro Luiz Mattos; FERREIRA, Daniele Esteves da Silva; SANTOS, Valdenira Ferreira dos; FIGUEIREDO JÚNIOR, Alberto Garcia de; CARVALHO, Marcelo de Araújo; MACHADO, Odete Fátima
The Araguari estuarine dynamics is singular among traditional models of estuaries under tidal regime due to influence of macrotidal and tidal bore. In order to establish estuarine zones in Araguari according foraminifera, thecamoebians, paliynomorphs and physical-chemistry parameters, sixteen sample stations were established along the estuary. Turbidity and temperature were the environmental parameters which allowed determination of the estuarine gradient. Eighteen species of foraminifera, ten of thecamoebians and fourteen of particulate organic matter types were identified. Cluster analysis in R-mode showed three microorganism assemblages and four palynomorph ones. The CCA analyze shows turbidity and total organic matter with the most influence over foraminiferal and thecamoebians distribution at Araguari. Clustering analysis in Q-mode using all data formed four groups suggesting three estuarine zones in Araguari: Zone I composed of thecamoebian species and continental palynomorphs; Zone II - composed by mangrove foraminifera, thecamoebians and all palynomorph assemblages; and Zone III - composed by mangrove and estuarine foraminifera and all palynomorph assemblages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paleoambiente e icnofósseis do arenito guamá (Siluriano), regiões de São Miguel do Guamá e Irituia, estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-08) MARTINS, Taynara Cristina Matos; SOARES, Joelson Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345968080357131
The Guamá Sandstone is a restricted sedimentary unit that occurs in the Bragantina Platform, mainly in the São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia regions northeast of the state of Pará still needs a better geological detail. It is characterized by thick layers of well-rounded and selected, mature medium-grained quartz-sandstone with medium granulometry, well rounded, well selected and with high degree of textural and compositional maturity. Based on the petrographic, faciological and ichnological characteristics similar to the quartz sandstones of the Nhamundá Formation (Amazon Basin), a Silurian age for the Guamá Sandstone has been suggested. Commonly, the quartz-sandstone layers have a massive appearance and few preserved primary sedimentary structures (e.g., cross-stratified ribbed stratification, plane-parallel stratification and wavy and planar lamination). The facies association indicates that the studied deposits were formed in a sandy coastal region that covered the foreshore and shoreface zones. In the Guamá Sandstone the icnoespecies Skolithos linearis, Psammichnites isp., cf. Schaubcylindrichnus coronus, single vertical tube undetermined and Lingulichnus verticalis were identified, they commonly compose a mixture of the Cruziana and Skolithos ichnofacies. Periodic energy changes and sedimentation rate in the depositional environment are suggested by the regular distribution between Skolithos and Psammichnites in the sandstone layers. Skolithos occurs, generally, in massive layers and can reach up to 1 meter in length indicating high energy conditions and/or high sedimentation rates. While Psammichnites occur at the top of these layers and suggest lower energy and/or low sedimentation rate. Skolithos exhibit a bioturbation index (ii) ranging from 2 to 3 (5-40%). The Psammichnites exhibit ii between 4 and 5, which indicate a 40 to100% reworking of the substrate by excavating organisms. The low ichnodiversity and high abundance of ichnofossils suggest stressful conditions during the depositional period. The mixture of Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies is commonly associated with coastal marine environments of brackish waters. The reason for environmental stress conditions related to the presence of brackish water could be the influx of melting/defrosting waters in periglacial environments. The correlation of the Guamá Sandstone with the Silurian deposits of the Nhamundá Formation supports this idea, as this unit exhibits glacial, post-glacial, and coastal deposits that record the Silurian glaciation of Gondwana. Therefore, the Guamá Sandstone can be considered as the record of sandy coastal deposits influenced by the glaciations that affected the Amazon region during the Lower Silurian.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paleoambiente e quimioestratigrafia da Formação Serra do Quilombo, Neoproterozóico da Faixa Paraguai Norte, regiões de Cáceres e Nobres (MT)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) MILHOMEM NETO, João Marinho; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136
After the last criogenian glaciation (ca. 635 Ma), large carbonate platforms were developed in several cratonic regions of the Earth and, despite of the intense dolomitization of these deposits, many of paleoceanography and sedimentary processes can still be rescued, contributing to the understanding of the paleoenvironment and the isotopic geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic seawater. One of the most important testimonies of this period in Brazil is the Serra do Quilombo Formation, upper portion of the Araras Group, exposed in the northern Paraguay Belt, southern of the Amazonian Craton. This unit has been interpreted in its type section in the Caceres region, Mato Grosso, as deposits of shallow to moderately deep platform influenced by storms and earthquakes. The stratrigraphic and facies revaluation in combination with C, O and Sr isotopes data in the Caceres (type-section) and Nobres regions, allowed enlarging the paleoceanography and paleoenvironmental interpretations, aiming at building a chemostratigraphic framework for the unit. The 140 m thick of the study succession includes the Serra do Quilombo Formation in sharp basal contact with the Guia Formation and the gradual contact, to the top, with the Nobres Formation. In this succession were described five depositional facies that correspond the organic matter rich laminated dolostone (Dl), massive to laminated dolostone (Dml), hummocky/swaley to planar stratified sandy dolostone (DAh), sandy/oolitic dolostone with wave cross laminations (DAl) and matrix-supported dolomitic breccia (BDm). The sedimentary facies were grouped into two facies associations (FA) that indicate environments of deep to moderately shallow carbonate platform (FA1: Dl and Dml) and storm influenced shoreface (FA2: DAh, DAl and BDm). The Serra do Quilombo Formation comprises a shallowing upward succession, which represents the progradational record of a highstand system tract, in a homoclinal carbonate ramp, installed on the southern part of the Amazonian Craton during the Ediacaran. C and O isotopic analyses were performed in 141 samples (among laminated limestones and dolostones, sandy/oolitic dolostones and clasts, cement and matrix of dolomitic breccias), of which 6 were also selected for the Sr analysis. Major (Ca, Mg and Fe) and trace (Rb, Sr and Mn) elements contents, performed on 20 samples, assisted in the selection of those for Sr isotopic analysis and evaluation of the primary nature of the isotopic signal of study carbonates. The δ13C values, interpreted as representing the original sea water, showed a trend ranging from negative, around -2 ‰ at the base of the succession (Guia Formation) to above 0‰ at the top of the succession. The type-section of the Serra do Quilombo Formation presents a homogeneous C-isotope curve, with δ13C values around 0 ‰, which allows its perfect correlation with other sequences, for example, its section reference in Nobres, far about 200 km. The 87Sr/86Sr follow the general C-isotopes trend, increasing towards the top of the succession, ranging from 0.7077 to 0.7083, directly related to the environmental shallowing and the consequent influx of siliciclastic grains recorded in the top portion of the unit (AF2). The δ13C and δ18O data obtained for the dolomitic matrix-supported breccias (BDm) indicate, in general, a similarity between the isotopic signal of both matrix and clasts, suggesting a sindeposicional and primary process. On the other hand, for the dolomitic cemented breccia, the values obtained for the sparry dolomite cements indicate lower values of δ13C and, notably, of δ18O in relation to the clasts, suggesting that its origin is secondary, probably resulting from the interaction with meteoric water or hydrothermal fluids during the breccias formation. The establishment of a moderately deep to shallow carbonate platform environment with C isotopic patterns, tending to positive values, is clearly distinct of the postglacial deposits of the base of the Araras Group, with strongly negative values of C, and may represent the restoration of normal sedimentation conditions. Likewise, the growing trend of Sr isotopic ratio indicates the increasing in the influx continental in a scenario completely devoid of glacial influence (Snowball/slushball Earth hypothesis). Sr values indicate ediacaran age, between 560 and 580 Ma for the Serra do Quilombo Formation deposition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reconstituição paleoambiental das formações Motuca e Sambaíba, Permo-Triássico da Bacia do Parnaíba no sudoeste do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil
(2013-09) ABRANTES JÚNIOR, Francisco Romério; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues
The interval between the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic was marked by paleogeographic and paleoclimatic global changes, partly attributed to catastrophic events. The intense continentalization of the supercontinent Pangaea of End-Permian propitiated the development of extensive deserts that succeeded the coastal and platform environments of Early Permian. The records of these events in northern Brazil are found in intracratonic basins, particularly in the Permo-triassic succession of the Parnaíba Basin. The facies and stratigraphic outcrops analysis of this succession allowed the individualization of 14 sedimentary facies grouped into four facies associations (FA): FA1 and FA2 related to deposits of Motuca Formation and, FA3 and FA4, representative of the base of Sambaíba Formation. The FA1 - Shallow lake/Mudflat consists of red laminated mudstone with lenses of gypsum, calcite and marl, besides lobes of sigmoidal sandstones. The FA2 - Saline pan consists of lenticular bodies of laminated gypsum, nodular gypsum and gypsarenite, overlapped by greenish mudstones with dolomite nodules and palygorskite. The FA3 - sand sheet and FA4 - dunes field are formed, respectively, for orange cream sandstones with even parallel stratification and medium- to large-scale cross-bedding. In the contact between Motuca and Sambaíba formations occurs a deformed interval, laterally continuous for hundreds of kilometers. Brecciated and contorted bedded siltstones and mudstone (Motuca Formation) and sandstone with sinsedimentary faults/microfaults, convolute lamination and mud-filled injection dykes (Sambaíba Formation) are interpreted as seismites triggered by high magnitude earthquakes (> 8 according Richter scale).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reconstituição Paleoambiental e Potencial Petrolífero da Sucessão Siliciclástica-Carbonática Permiana da Bacia do Paraná
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-15) BRITO, Ailton da Silva; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The Permian age was marked by extreme paleogeographic and paleoclimatic changes with predominances of arid conditions across the globe as a consequence of the eustatic sea-level fall from the end of the Carboniferous glaciation to the beginning of the Permian. The final phases of continental agglutination of the Pangea supercontinent caused uplifts accompanied by successive regressions of the epicontinental seas, culminating with the installation of desert systems at the end of the Permian. During the marine regressive phase, Western Pangea was the depositional site of a 50m thick mixed siliciclastic-carbonatic succession under restricted and shallow paleoenvironmental conditions, widely distributed in the Paraná Basin, SE of South America. The studied succession includes the top of the Palermo, Irati, and the base of the Serra Alta Formation, comprising a total of 120 m-thick. The Irati succession is essentially composed of dolomite intercalated with organic matter gray to black shale rich, which is considered an important source rock for hydrocarbons. This unit covers the heterolithic deposits from the Palermo Formation and is overlaid by shales from the Serra Alta Formation. The high content and good quality of organic matter present in Irati shales aroused economic interest since the 19th century. Although many works have contributed to the knowledge of the depositional paleoenvironment and generating potential of this unit, mainly from organic geochemical data, gaps remain regarding the paleoenvironmental understanding, previously interpreted as restricted sea or lacustrine. This research was carried out from 125 drill cores distributed in the center-north, center-south, and extreme south of the basin, provided by the company Irati Petróleo LTDA. complemented by outcrops from the northern region. Twenty-three drill cores were selected for sedimentological and stratigraphic study from facies/microfacies analyses, aided by XRD, SEM-EDS, and cathodoluminescence images. Total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and biomarker analysis were performed on 102 cores. The integration of data allowed: the lateral correlation of the Irati Formation for more than 2,000 km in the SSW-NNE direction of the basin; the paleoenvironmental reconstitution; and lateral and vertical characterization of the generating potential. Twenty-one facies/microfacies were identified and organized into about 300 siliciclastic-carbonate couplet that are grouped into 59 high-frequency cycles representative of mid-outer ramp and offshore environments dominated by distal turbidity systems. The succession consists of four third-order sequences (S1, S2, S3, and S4). Sequence boundaries are type 2, with no evidence of subaerial erosion, marked by overlapping transgressive offshore deposits. Transgressive Systems Tracts are succeeded by Highstand Systems Tracts defined by the appearance of dolomite levels with a thickening upwards tendency, which indicates high carbonate productivity under normal to hypersaline conditions, evidenced by the presence of gammaceran, halite crystals. and pseudomorphs of gypsum. The transgressive deposits of sequences S3 and S4 (Assistance Member) form the two intervals (oil-shale) with the greatest generating potential in the Paraná Basin. Oil-shale S3 has the highest values of organic carbon and generating potential. The highest TOC peaks were 19.40% for the extreme south region, 22.23% for the center north, and 27.12% for the center-south of the basin. Kerogen predominates types I and II, which also presents an increased contribution, mainly from type I converging to the center-south. Oil-shale S4 presents lower TOC values for the extreme south region (8.82%), south-central (21.7%), and north-central (14.61%). The kerogen type is similar to oil-shale S3, it predominates type II, with a high contribution of type I in the south-central region and smaller proportions of type III. The organic matter of the Irati Formation is predominantly immature, however, occurrences of maximum pyrolysis temperature (Tmax) equal to or greater than 440 ºC in samples close to diabase sills show that there was localized maturation of organic matter, which corroborates the occurrence of a non-conventional petroleum system for mixed deposits of black shales (generators) - carbonates (reservoirs) of the Irati Formation. Regarding the quantity and quality of the source rock present in the Irati Formation, the center-south portion presents the highest values of organic carbon as well as the potential for hydrocarbon generation. The analysis of the stacking patterns associated with the previous ages of SHRIMP U-Pb from volcanic ash allowed the correlation of the succession with the global sea-level curve, allowing to estimate an age of 8.0 Ma for the Irati Sea and of 2 .7 Ma for 3rd order depositional sequences. Likewise, ages of 26.6 ka were calculated for the carbonate-siliciclastic couplets, 135.5 ka and 400 ka for the high-frequency cycles, whose origin is here attributed to the climatic cyclicity induced by the terrestrial orbital oscillation, compatible with the Milankovitch cyclicity. The characterization of the cycles based on faciological and organic geochemical data also demonstrates a strong climate control in the generation of intervals rich in organic matter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sucessão Jurássica-Eocretácea da bacia do Parnaíba, NE do Brasil: paleoambiente, diagênese e correlação com os eventos magmáticos do Atlântico Central (CAMP).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-06) RABELO, Cleber Eduardo Neri; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998
The evolution of the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition (~200 to 100 Ma) in the northern Brazilian basins was marked by expressive paleoenvironmental, paleoclimatic and paleogeographic changes related to the Pangea’s breakup. This event was concomitant with the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean (ca. 190 Ma) and the installation of large igneous provinces (LIPs) such as the Magmatic Province of the Central Atlantic or CAMP. These events preceded the breakdown of the West Gondwana and, in Brazil, are recorded mainly in the basins of Solimões, Amazonas, and Parnaíba. Extrusion of CAMP basalts occurred only in the Parnaíba Basin related to the Lower Jurassic Mosquito Formation (199, 7 ± 2.45 Ma) generally interbedded with sandstone and mudstone (intertrap deposits), unconformably overlain by the Lower Cretaceous Corda and Pastos Bons formations. Facies and petrographic analysis based on outcrops and drill cores of this succession in the central-west and southeast portions of the Parnaíba Basin revealed thirty-four sedimentary facies grouped in 8 facies associations representing wet desert systems implanted on a basaltic substrate (Mosquito and Corda formations) and of lacustrine systems (Mosquito intertrap deposits and Pastos Bons Formation). The intertrap sandstone is interpreted as fluvial-eolian deposits composed of intensely silicified fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with rounded to subangular grains, granules and pebbles predominantly of volcanic, quartz, and subordinate feldspars. The fluvial channels with subaqueous dunes and sand sheets were incised on the basaltic substrate and flash flood propitiated the mechanical infiltration of clays on the sediments forming coatings over grains. Eolian dunes were adjacent to the fluvial system recorded by fine- to medium-grained sandstone with rounded and frosted grains and exhibiting small- to medium-scale low-angle and tabular cross-stratification. Interdune and pond/shallow lake deposits developed in topographic shoals consist of silicified sandstonemudstone rhythmite with wavy bedding and fine-grained sandstone with adhesion structures. The heat-flow and hydrothermal activity of basalt eruption increasing the devitrification of volcanic clasts releasing silica and propitiating massive eodiagenetic precipitation of chalcedony, megaquartz, poikilotopic zeolite and Fe-Ti oxides reducing the porosity and the permeability precluding the post-Jurassic burial diagenesis. During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the decreasing of isotherms and crustal loading induced by the weight of basalt bodies propitiated the implantation of the Corda wet desert system. The desert system consisted of dune field and ephemerous and perennial fluvial channels with preferential migration to the southeast. Dune field deposits consist of fine- to medium-grained sandstone with rounded and frosted grains with smallto medium-scale tabular and tangential cross-stratifications, even parallel stratification and subcritically climbing ripple-cross lamination. Wet interdune deposits consist in fine- to mediumgrained sandstone forming centimetric-scale cycles with tops interpreted as paleosoils indicated by mottled horizons rich in iron oxide-hydroxide, bioturbations, wavy lamination, adhesion structures, and dissecation cracks. The Corda fluvial system probably fed the Pastos Bons lake implanted on the basin depocenter during Early Cretaceous. These fluvial deposits consist predominantly of conglomerates with angular granules and pebbles of basalt, fine- to coarsegrained sandstones with trough and sigmoidal cross-beddings, cross lamination, massive bedding, and subordinate mudstone. Sand sheet deposits are composed of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with even parallel lamination, low angle cross-bedding, subcritically climbing ripple-cross lamination, adhesion ripples, gutter casts, and load cast structures. The poikilotopic zeolite is represented by laumontite and Ca-stilbite occurring mainly in the dune field deposits. This cementation was produced by the interaction of the fluid that percolated the weathered volcanic substrate. The reactivation of this diagenetic system was triggered by the Cretaceous magmatism (The Post-CAMP Sardinha Formation). This regional heating influenced and accelerating the chemical reactions in an open hydrological diagenetic system with alkaline pH, low-PCO2, K+ depletion, and high Si/Al relation. The eodiagenetic phase of the Corda sandstone was marked by the precipitation of calcite fringes, Ca-stilbite, and mechanical compaction. In contrast, the laumontite was precipitated in high temperatures. This research allowed us to expand our knowledge mainly about: 1) the processes and products linked to the interaction between continental sedimentation and the last magmatic event of the CAMP; 2) the early cementation mechanisms that hindered the burial diagenesis effects on these deposits; and 3) the role of post-CAMP heating in the reactivation of the Cretaceous diagenetic system. This new understanding represents a signature on recognition of the Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of the Parnaíba Basin, which can be used in the correlation with other basins of the West Gondwana.