Navegando por Assunto "Palmeira (Vegetal)"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abundância e diversidade de palmeiras no Distrito Florestal Sustentável da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil
(2011-09) SALM, Rodolfo Aureliano; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira
The abundance and diversity of palm species, as well as its relationship with forest structure were investigated in two study areas in the Sustainable Forest District of the BR-163 road. As such, forty parcels of 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m) were established in a pristine forest in the Amazonia National Park, and another forty parcels in a area submitted to timber logging in the Tapajos National Forest. In each parcel, all the trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured and the adult palms were identified and counted. We verified that although the exploited forest of the Tapajos National Forest is structurally more open than the forest in the national park, it still has a quantity and diversity of palms inferior to the national park, probably due to the dispersal limitation of palms and the relatively recent logging activities. We concluded that exploitation potential of palms in native forests of the region is extremely limited by the natural scarcity of palms in native forests of economic potential, but could be amplified with the deliberate planting of useful species, with benefits for the natural dynamics of the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade de Curculionidae (Coleoptera) de inflorescências da palmeira Euterpe longebracteata Barb. Rodr. em uma área de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-30) GUIMARÃES, José Raimundo Rocha; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324
The research was done with the community Curculionidae inflorescences of the palm Euterpe longebracteata in riparian areas (PPAs), degraded and preserved, in Tanguro Farm, Mato Grosso, Brazil, aiming to provide inputs on policy management and recovery areas. The weevils represented the most important component of the fauna associated with the inflorescences of the E. longebracteata, with 23 species richness, frequency of 97% in the samples and abundance of 10,000 (or 90% of total abundance). Species Phyllotrox sp. 18, Phyllotrox sp. 19, Erirhininae gen.n.Asp.1 , Erirhininae gen.n.Esp.1 and Bondariella sp. 3 accounted for more than 98% of abundance, were found to be dominant in the inflorescences of E. longebracteata and therefore specifically related to the palm and can act as effective pollinators species of the E. longebracteata in the area. Despite the differences between PPAs preserved and degraded populations of E. longebracteata and species composition of Curculionidae were not correlated with the level of degradation of PPAs. The wealth of Curculionidae also not correlated with canopy cover, distance to the edge of the sample, size of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence of E. longebracteata. The influence of collection period on the abundance of most dominant species was regarded as indicative of population dynamics and ecological succession. While Phyllotrox sp. 19, seems to present a pattern of aggregate distribution. Species Phyllotrox sp.18 and Erirhininae gen. No The sp. 1 were considered as having plenty more sensitive to degradation of PPAs. The palm E. longebracteata has potential use in the recovery of degraded areas of Tanguro farm because their populations and species of Curculionidae likely pollinators showed tolerance to the observed degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do manejo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) sobre a avifauna em florestas de várzea estuarina na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) NUNES, Raphael de Vasconcelos; LEES, Alexander Charles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8887958109144699; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Human actions and use of natural resources, by removing plant species, food resources or altering the environment’s structure, may have indirect effects on animal communities. The expansion of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) production has been altering floodplain forests through its management actions, resulting in environmental degradation and even substitution of forest for plantation areas, thus causing floristic empoverishment. In this paper we investigate the effects of this species management on the structure of bird community in an insular system of the Amazon River delta. Our hypothesis was that we would find less bird species diversity on managed areas (low and high intensity management) compared to non-managed forest fragments due to the environmental degradation caused by this practice. To assess the diversity and abundance of bird species we conducted point counts with auditory recordings and observations in three sites per treatment. We found a decrease tendency in bird species richness in intensively managed areas; but didn’t detect any changes on bird abundance and diversity in areas managed for açaí fruit production. We found alterations on bird community composition, being this more homogenous in managed areas. The effects of açaí management upon the fauna are still hard to detect but may arise in the future and our results point to the homogenization and species loss in areas subjected to intense management, causing birdlife empoverishment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extractivismo de Palmas por la etnia shuar y su influencia en la transformacion sócio-ambiental, en el alto Nangaritza, Amazonia ecuatoriana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-31) PARDO ENRÍQUEZ, Dalton Marcelo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The present study has been carried out in the Southeastern sector of the Ecuadorian Amazon, in the Protected Area of the high Nangaritza River basin in three Indigenous Centers of the Shuar People: Shaime, Yayu and Napints, which belong to the Political-Administrative jurisdiction of the Zurmi Parish, in Nangaritza Corner, Province of Zamora Chinchipe. They are organized and represented in the Shuar Tayunts Association, in addition to its Directors and Central Clubs. This work is an effort to present the Shuar’s socio-environmental dynamics on the exploitation of palms, for which a socio-historical analysis of these three Centers is realized. Its floristic composition and palms were studied taking into consideration the ecological parameters, density, basal area, frequency, importance value index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Sorensen similarity index; as well as the sustainability of use and handling that their populations make, which results are a valuable contribution offered to to future management and recovery of the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fungos conidiais em Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaizeiro) na Ilha do Combu, Pará-Brasil
(2012-12) CASTRO, Carla Corrêa de; HERNÁNDEZ GUTIÉRREZ, Antonio
The objective of this study was look for conidial fungi (hyphomycetes) associated with decomposing, dead vegetative material of Euterpe oleracea Mart. collected on Combu Island (Belém, Pará), an environmentally protected area. From August 2008 to April 2009, decomposing parts of E. oleracea were collected and kept in a moist chamber for seven days. Somatic and reproductive fungal structures were extracted from the substrate and mounted on semi-permanent slides for morphological study using optical microscopy. This paper includes descriptions, comments, geographical distributions and illustrations of new records for Brazil. All these records are new for the study area, 11 are new records for Brazil, and 12 are new for the Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jarina: o marfim das biojóias da Amazônia
(2006-12) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; RODRIGUES, Suyanne Flavia Santos; HOHN, Helmut
The jarina palm tree (Phytelephas macrocarpa) is endemic of the Amazon region growing in older flood plains constituted by quartz, 2:1 clay-minerals and feldspars. The soils are fertile and slightly acid to neutral. The jarina seeds can be included among the rare organic gems. Because of its color and luster the seeds are compared to animal ivory in spite of its lower hardness and lower density. They are largely employed in the manufacture of bio-jewels and artifacts. The products are commercially well accepted because the seeds support coloration change and other improvements. However, the jewels do not last very long because the seeds tend to be destroyed by the action of microorganisms within 5 to 10 years. By means of an adequate policy the productive chain of jarina seeds may turn to be of great importance for the development of the Amazon region by creating new job opportunities and by aggregating value to the products. However, special care has to be taken to avoid inadequate exploration of the seeds in order to assure the preservation of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) and patawa (Oenocarpus bataua) fruit pulp from the amazon region
(2011-06) DARNET, Sylvain Henri; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz; LINS, Roseana Telles
Buriti and patawa are two endemic palm trees from the Amazon region. Their pulps are traditionally consumed by the local population, but are underused and lesser known worldwide. Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the two palm pulps were determined by modern analytical methods: Gas Chromatography (CG) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), based on the standards of AOCS (AMERICAN..., 2002) and AOAC (ASSOCIATION..., 1997), respectively. Buriti and patawa fruit pulps are highly nutritive, with respectively, high fat content (38.4% and 29.1% of dry matter (DM)), protein content (7.6% and 7.4% of DM) and dietary fibers (46% and 44.7% of DM). Buriti pulp can be considered healthy food due its high content of vitamin E (1169 µg.g-1 DM). Patawa pulp is highly oleaginous and its fatty acid composition is very similar to the ones of healthy oils, such as olive oil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção e caracterização de sistemas líquido cristalinos contendo óleo de açaí (euterpe Oleraceae Mart.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-20) PEREIRA, Rayanne Rocha; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994
The Euterpe oleracea Mart. is an Amazonian palm tree, popularly known as acai. From the pulp of the acai fruit can extract the fixed oil, consisting mainly of fatty mono and polyunsaturated acids. This oil is a promising raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, which can be exploited by their biological activities and as a raw material in the development of sustained drug delivery systems. Liquid crystals are examples of sustained drug delivery systems. The objective of this study was to develop liquid crystalline systems containing acai oil as the oil phase and the Procetyl AWS as surfactant. Initially acai oil was analyzed for its physical and chemical characteristics. Gas chromatography revealed oleic acid (47.58%), palmitic acid (24.06%) and linoleic acid (13.58%) as major constituents. The physicochemical characterization showed values of acidity, iodine, saponification, refraction and density within the limits and recommended standards. Spectroscopy in the infrared region showed characteristic bands of acai oil. Thermogravimetry açai oil showed a unique event that possibly due to the degradation of fatty acids, this event is located in the temperature range of 241.71 to 481,14ºC. The acai oil induction time was 11,79h. The pre-formulation studies with acai oil and the surfactants showed no evidence of chemical interaction or resulting degradation of binary mixture between the oil and the Procetyl AWS. Formulations were prepared 36 with the aid of ternary diagram between these formulations were identified hexagonal and cubic mesophases. The rheological analysis showed pseudoplastic behavior (n <1) with plastic characteristics that refer to the Bingham fluids. The stability study conducted over 30 days did not reveal any signs of instability of the evaluated systems. The realization of this study demonstrated that the acai oil is a promising raw material in the development of sustained drug delivery system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica dos gorgulhos do gênero Bondariella Hustache & Bondar, 1942 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae), com notas sobre sua associação com palmeiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) CORDEIRO JUNIOR, Mariano Brandão; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
The genus Bondariella Hustache & Bondar, 1942 was reviewed in this work with update of the names of structures and inclusion of taxonomic characters, such as the male terminalia, ventrites e tergites. Two new species are added to the genus. Are provided in the work redescriptions of known species, descriptions of new species, illustrations of the lectotype and paralectotypes, antennas, ventrites, tergites and male terminalia. Also are included details of host plants, showing association of species of Bondariella with species of palms of the genus Syagrus Mart. and Euterpe Mart.