Navegando por Assunto "Peixes"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação bacteriológica por cultivo e metagenômica de peixes pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) submetidos a diferentes procedimentos de salga
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-01) SILVA, Flávia Thamires Barbosa da; ASSUMPÇÃO, Paulo Pimentel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7323606327039876; KHAYAT, André Salim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6305099258051586
In the North region, gastric cancer (GC) ranks second of the most frequent types of tumors in men and fourth in women. For 2016, were estimated 690 new cases in the state of Pará, 260 cases in the capital. GC has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of genetic (endogenous) and environmental (exogenous) factors. Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between the excessive consumption of salt-preserved foods and the occurrence of GC, this is mainly due to the carcinogenic action of N-nitroses compounds resulting from the union of Nitrate reduction pathway (from salting) products and of organic compounds present in the stomach region. This reduction is performed by bacterial enzymes (nitrate reductase) that are present in contaminating species that can proliferate in this type of food. Such salt-preserved foods, such as pirarucu (among other fish), shrimp and charque, have been incorporated for many years into the food pattern of the state of Pará and other areas of the Amazon region. This reduction is performed by bacterial enzymes (nitrate reductase) present in contaminating species that can proliferate in this type of food. Salt-preserved foods, such as pirarucu (among other fish), shrimp and charque, have been incorporated for many years into the food pattern of the state of Pará and other areas of the Amazon region. During the salting process, the time and conditions of processing, storage and commercialization of the food are directly related to the quality of these products. For this reason, the importance of studies that evaluate alternative processing conditions, such as use of refrigeration, in order to mitigate the production of components harmful to human health. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial composition in different salting processes of these foods, through bacterial and metagenomic isolation. Samples of fresh pirarucu evidenced growth of E. coli, indicating microbial contamination of fecal origin, which was not noticed in the samples submitted to salting. From the metagenomic analyzes we can observe an abundance of the genus Staphylococcus in the samples of salted fish, especially in those kept exposed at room temperature. This genus contains species that cause toxinfections and have the enzyme nitrate reductase. The contamination of pirarucu by these bacterial species leads to the production of nitrite, which when consumed lead to the formation of carcinogens involved in the formation of mutations, which may trigger gastric neoplasms. Although refrigeration has diminished the bacterial quantitative, the bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of the salting process was not sufficient to maintain the quality of the salted fish in levels suitable for consumption, therefore, the consumption of the fish can be harmful to the health of the population and be related with high GC rates in the population of Belém and the North region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos riscos e benefícios associados ao consumo de três espécies de peixes da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-20) GOMES, Luciana Cristina Mancio; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Fishing is one of the most explored activities in the amazon region, fish is an important protein source, however, it can represent one of the main vehicles of contamination due to its great capacity to bioaccumulate substances in tissues such as muscle and organs, being considered excellent bioindicators of the species. Its habitat. The aim of the present work was to study the amazonian species, curimatã (prochilodus nigricans), goby hake (macrodn ancylodon), and pyramutaba (brachyplatystoma vaillantii) by investigating the risks or benefits associated with consumption. In the muscle tissue and liver of the fish in different seasonal periods (rainy and dry season) amino acid and fatty acid profile analyzes were performed by liquid and gas chromatography. The determination of essential elements (cu, fe, mg, na and zn) was quantified by flame atomic emission spectrometry and the contaminants, lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The validation of the methodology was performed through the addition and recovery method. The results obtained in the muscle and liver were correlated with biometric data, species feeding habits and the limits established by the national health surveillance agency for human consumption. The calculation of the tolerable weekly intake index (PTWI) was applied for the toxic elements pb and hg in different seasonal periods. According to the results, the species presented oleic (n-9), linoleic (omega-6) and arachidonic (omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle, whereas in the liver the three species were c18:0, c18:1ω9, c18:2ω6, c20:4ω6, c22:6ω3. The total saturated fatty acid contents identified were higher in piramutaba, polyunsaturated in hake and monounsaturated in curimatã. Regarding the amino acid profile of the fillets, the highest predominance was histidine, alanine and serine. The species studied presented high levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The monounsaturated ones presented higher contents in the curimatã species and the polyunsaturated ones were higher in the hake, both in the muscle and liver. Regarding minerals, calcium levels were quite significant between species in different seasonal periods, being predominant in the dry season, while Fe, Cu, Na and Zn presented higher levels in the rainy season. In the liver, during the rainy season, Mg, Zn and Cu values had average concentrations in curimatã specimens. While in the dry season the ca, mg, na and zn contents had higher predominance among the species. Regarding contaminants, pb levels were higher than the limit allowed by the legislation, showing significant behavior in relation to seasonality. The hg content in the three species was higher in the rainy season, the curimatã species reached higher levels in the muscle. In the liver, the levels of Hg in the rainy season were above the limit recommended by the legislation. In the dry season, the curimatã species contributed the most with 131.79%, exceeding the tolerable weekly limit of hg consumption, being considered inappropriate. According to the estimated weekly intake of toxic elements (PTWI) during the rainy season, acceptable limits were found among the contaminants. However, in the dry season, curimatã contributed the most with 131.79%, exceeding the tolerable weekly consumption limit. From Hg. It is concluded that the constant biomonitoring of the species commercialized in Belém-PA and surroundings that may present some contamination by toxic elements is necessary, thus avoiding possible reflexes and the compromise of human health and fish reproductive process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Rapid assessment of the ichthyofauna of the southern Guiana Shield tributaries of the Amazonas River in Pará, Brazil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2020-03) DUTRA, Guilherme Moreira; FREITAS, Tiago Magalhães da Silva; PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; SALVADOR, Gilberto Nepomuceno; LEÃO, Manuela Dopazo de Vasconcellos; PEIXOTO, Luiz Antônio Wanderley; MENDONÇA, Marina Barreira; NETTO-FERREIRA, André Luiz; SILVA, Fabio Roberto Ribeiro da; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; WOSIACKI, Wolmar Benjamin
The Northern Pará Drainage System encompasses the left-bank tributaries of the Amazonas River in the southern Guiana Shield region of Pará state, Brazil. Five of the region’s state protected areas are considered strategic for the conservation of its biodiversity. In the present study, we assessed the ichthyofauna of the five state protected areas of the Northern Pará Drainage System. Seven expeditions were conducted between January 2008 and January 2009, which surveyed stretches of the Cuminá, Cuminapanema, Curuá, Jari, Mapuera, Nhamundá, and Paru rivers. These surveys yielded 286 species belonging to 38 families and eight orders, including seven new records of fish species for Brazil, six of which are also new records for the Amazon basin. Our results provide a valuable database for future research and conservation programs in the protected areas of the region.