Navegando por Assunto "Povos e comunidades tradicionais"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cadastro Ambiental Rural em terras de uso comum: desafios e aprendizagens da elaboração coletiva a partir do território quilombola do Jambuaçu, Moju - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-29) ROCHA, Layse Pereira Favacho da; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653
After more than 10 years of the new Forest Code, Law 12651/2012, and the implementation of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), a public electronic registry, mandatory for all rural properties, little has been addressed about the CAR of Traditional Peoples and Communities (PCT). Thus, considering that there are few studies related to this theme, as well as that there are no legal documents that guide the registration process exclusively for the PCT segment and that take into account the relationship of these peoples with the land, their ways of life, customs, traditional knowledge and forms of organization, this work is presented as a form of contribution to studies in the area and to the practice of CAR/PCT in the state of Pará. The locus of the research is located in the Quilombola Territory of Jambuaçu, municipality of Moju, State of Pará, specifically in the following communities: Nossa Senhora da Conceição; Oxalá de Jacunday; Ribeira do Jambu-Açu; Santa Luzia do Bom Prazer; Santa Luzia do Tracuateua; Santa Maria de Mirindeua; Santo Cristo; São Manoel; São Sebastião. This research has as its main objective to implement a methodology for elaborating the CAR/PCT in common use lands that is adequate to the specific forms of existence and economic, social and cultural reproduction of traditional peoples and communities in the state of Pará. For this, the following specific objectives were established: a) To evaluate the importance of the CAR in the context of common use lands and its applicability in light of the Forest Code and collective territories for the use and exploitation of natural resources; b) To analyze the process of collective elaboration and construction of the CAR PCT, based on a case study on the quilombola territory of Jambuaçu; c) To prepare a draft Normative Instruction that regulates the public action to support collective elaboration of the quilombola CAR, contributing to the improvement of the actions of the Regulariza Pará Program. During the entire registration procedure for the quilombola communities of Jambuaçu - expression of interest by the community; training meetings; leadership meetings; training of representatives; registration in SICAR/PA - meetings were held with all fifteen (15) communities that expressed interest in the registration. Of these fifteen (15) communities, nine (9) completed the registration process. With this, we seek to offer and implement public policies and contribute to the project of environmental regularity of the territories of the entire state of Pará. Based on the discussion of the data, it was considered essential to discuss and establish a post-CAR procedure, in order to successfully achieve the goals of conservation of natural resources and recovery of degraded areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Saiu o dinheiro do coco?”: Avaliação de processo da Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para os Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade (PGPM-Bio) para a amêndoa do babaçu no Médio Mearim, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-29) OLIVEIRA, Letícia Sales da Costa; PORRO, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
The main objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the Minimum Price Guarantee Policy for Sociobiodiversity Products (PGPM-Bio) and its effects on the social organization of babassu coconut breakers in the Médio Mearim, Maranhão, where about one third of the national production of almonds occur. A decade after the public policy’s creation, social actors engaged in extractivism demand studies on the effectiveness of its implementation. In the 2009-2018 period, 48% of PGPM-Bio's resources were channeled for babassu almonds. The action research methodology provided the involvement of representation and advisory institutions and the manifestation of local social subjects on the implementation scenarios of PGPM-Bio. The need for the involvement of direct beneficiaries and those who make the access to PGPM-Bio viable for babassu-nut breakers (mediating agents) led to the adoption of participatory tools that are easy to understand and implement. The results obtained include the identification and analysis of the performance of eight mediating agents’ categories, either linked to formal organizations (union, association, cooperative, Miqcb, government agencies) or not (informal group, independent dispatcher, trader), with 14 initiatives selected in 10 municipalities. Qualitative information from the experiences expressed by mediating agents received quantitative treatment through competence radar charts. More than 240 beneficiary babassu-nut breakers participated in collective activities and narrated their perceptions about the effect of the access to the economic subsidy, in the 2016 to 2018 period. Quantitative information was analyzed using community radar charts. The triangulation of information highlighted the potential and limitations of the policy, mediating agents, and social organizations involved. Results highlight the breadth of access to the resource and the heterogeneity of the forms of appropriation, decision-making autonomy and management strategies. The evaluation showed that initiatives carried out by Rural Workers' Unions were more effective, in contrast to those of informal groups, the cooperative and independent dispatcher, which were less effective and demand additional efforts. The research contributed to the groups’ organizational strategy, as they started to think and act through support and partnership networks, and formed the PGPM-Bio Commission in the Médio Mearim.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Socioambientalização das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: o caso do povo Xucuru vs Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SOUSA, Pilar Ravena de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The present dissertation aims to demonstrate that within its contentious jurisdiction, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) manifests a process of social environmentalism in its jurisprudence. The case study was combined with bibliographic and documentary reviews as a research methodology. The case object of the study is the case of the Xucuru People vs Brazil. In the first chapter, the concept of socio- environmentalism is constructed (Souza Filho, 2002; Santilli, 2005; Diegues, 2008), which will be used to understand the socio-environmental effect of the Inter-American Court. To this end, the historical approach to the origin of the socio-environmental movement, its impact on Brazilian legislation, and how socio-environmental conflicts give rise to the perspective of socio-environmental justice in Brazil are made. The socio-environmental issue originates in the colonisation period, from how the territory was exploited and the labour of traditional communities and populations. However, the socio-environmental movement is only consigned from the articulation of environmental and social movements in Brazil, in the period after the Military Regime that preceded the constituent assembly. The period of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil was marked by the predatory exploitation of the Amazon, affecting traditional populations and communities. After this period, the rubber tappers' movement, led by Chico Mendes, stood out for presenting a path of development in the Amazon region that was not predatory development. From this intersection of the articulation between social movements and environmental movements, new rights were born, which broke with the exacerbated protection of individual rights and included, in the constitutional text, social rights and collective rights. Finally, the origin of the concept of Socio- Environmental Justice is discussed, which understands traditional communities as agents of conflict, considering that they are agents who have another relationship with nature, in which what is human and what is a natural resource is not divided – and, therefore, they need to be actors of Socio-Environmental Justice, starring in the agenda. The second chapter deals with the history of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the techniques used by this Court to protect the environment, given the limitation of its jurisdiction. To this end, the techniques of "greening" are analysed (MAZZUOLI; TEIXEIRA, 2017), used by other International Courts, to demonstrate that the effect on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is not a matter of greening its decisions, but instead of a socio-environmental approach in the construction of its Jurisprudence, based on the concept of Socio-Environmental Justice (Moreira, 2017). In the third chapter, the paradigm case is presented, a dispute in the Court of Human Rights between the Xucuru People and Brazi, a signatory member state of the Court's contentious jurisdiction. The dispute has as its object the demarcation of the lands of the Xucuru People, who do not respect the principle of speed, and, in the face of legislative changes in the country, had the demarcation process postponed several times. Given the legislative change, which made it possible for third parties to contest the demarcation, conflicts arose over the land object of the demarcation. The Inter- American Court of Human Rights judgment was signed in 2018 and, as of the date of the judgment, the indigenous landfill had not suffered total disintrusion, and could not fully enjoy its territory. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognised Brazil's obligation to end the demarcation process with the full disintrusion of indigenous territory from the perspective of communal property, recognising that the demarcated lands must belong entirely to the Xucuru People; in addition to recognising Brazil's duty to indemnify the Xucuru People for the unjustified extension of the process of demarcation of the territory of the Xucuru People.