Navegando por Assunto "Precipitation"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto das mudanças climáticas nas unidades de conservação dos manguezais amazônicos na Costa Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SOUSA, Marina Costa de; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The Amazonian mangroves are subject to various climate impacts, demanding conservation and adaptation actions. The objectives of this study are to assess the vulnerability of the Amazonian mangrove Protected Areas (PAs) to climate change, provide climate prediction data for the region, and analyze if the PAs are effectively fulfilling their role in protecting these ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, data from MapBiomas were used to delimit the mangrove area, data from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) were used to identify the PAs within the mangroves, data from WorldClim were used to obtain information on mean annual temperature (BIO1) and accumulated precipitation (BIO12), and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) data were used. The processing was carried out using ArcGIS, QGIS, and RStudio software. The results revealed a trend of increasing temperature over time, while accumulated precipitation showed a decreasing trend across different scenarios and periods. These patterns indicate that protected mangroves may face a continuous increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation by the end of the century. The higher temperature contributes to increased energy availability, playing a fundamental role in regulating evapotranspiration in mangrove forests. On the other hand, reduced precipitation has a negative impact on salinity, productivity, growth, and species diversity in mangroves. The study also assessed the PAs that protect mangrove forests in the Amazon region, along with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) representing the amount of carbon stored in trees. The results showed that 80.2% of the mangroves are included within PAs, with higher protection in the state of Maranhão, followed by Amapá and Pará. However, there was variation in AGB among the evaluated states, with an increase in Amapá and Pará and a decrease in Maranhão. It is crucial to implement more effective management and conservation measures to address the challenges posed by climate change in these coastal ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação quantitativa da dinâmica espaço-temporal da precipitação na região hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-01-31) LOUREIRO, Glauber Epifanio; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The analysis of the rainfall behavior in a watershed is fundamental for engineering and management of the hydric resources. The Tocantins-Araguaia Basin (TAB) for your recent occupation and economic potentialities, earns prominence in the national scenery. This work evaluates the spatial-temporal dynamics of the annual precipitation in this region quantitatively during a period of 30 years of data. The dynamics of rainfall can be analyzed by the calculation of the mean precipitation in a given area, by composing isohyets maps of annual precipitation. However, the confection of these maps require one interpolation method what better please represent the rainfall characteristics in places not shown for posterior please analyze quantitative of the behaviour of the rainfall. For much, went realized descriptive exploratory analyses sample and spatial how requisition of stationarity of the interpolation method geostatistics, fill and validation of the theoretical model what he embed to the variograma of annual rainfall. The confection of isohyets maps for the method of ordinary kriging (no drift) and Universal Kriging (drift) went afterwards realized the calculation of the precipitate volume in the hydrographic region for the method of the contours. The spatial dynamics of the precipitation was realized with base in the analysis of descriptive statistics, isohyets maps, map hypsometric, Meteorological Irregularity (MI) and Coefficient Variation. Temporal dynamics was analyzed by the distribution of the total annual of volumetric precipitation for every secondary basin of the TAB, Standarized Anomaly, in the variation interanual of precipitation and trend test and magnitude represented respectively by Mann Kendall Test and Sen's. Interrelated upshots with the meteorological anomalies of the Atlantic Ocean (Dipole) and Pacific (ENOS) indicate the behaviour of the enough precipitation heterogeneous and with big variability principally in the under subbasin Tocantins Alto (TOA) (14%.) Diminution of the pluviometric amplitude, in years of intense meteorological anomaly causing a precipitation increment to the south of the under basins TOA and Araguaia (ARA) and diminution of the precipitation to the north of the secondary subbasin Tocantins Baixo (TOB), in El Niño events. One cannot prove for Mann Kendall test precipitate in the TAB, has an trend significative statistically in the volume but the estimated Sen's gives clues of fall in the precipitation in the sub-basin TOA (-1,24 km³/year) and Araguaia (ARA) (-1,13 km³/year) and increase of the precipitation in the under basin TOB (0,53 Km³/year) and for the TAB (-1,5 km³/year). So spatial and temporal variability in the under basins is intimately reported to the events of meteorological anomaly, in which your action occurs of irregular way to the long of the area to study and lop influence the socioeconomic different activities in the TAB in accordance with your magnitude and area of occurrence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As dimensões do risco hidrometeorológico na cidade de Vigia de Nazaré-Pa, Zona Costeira paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-30) BARRETO, Cairo Eduardo Carvalho; COHEN, Julia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-8915; PIMENTEL, Marcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
The city of Vigia de Nazaré, located in the Northeast of Pará, Estuarine Continental Sector of the Coastal Zone of Pará, has a historical problem of flooding, caused mainly by the effects of the tide, the rainy season with considerable accumulations of precipitation and incorporation of the fluvial-marine floodplains to the urban area. The general objective is to understand the relationship between the dynamics of floods and the occupation process in the city of Vigia de Nazaré-PA, producing a diagnosis of risk to extreme hydroclimatic events, considering temporal factors, as well as those of coastal dynamics, which in line with converge to the reality experienced by the local population. Therefore, it will be necessary to understand the process of occupation in the city of Vigia, mainly on the floodplain area, the dynamics of hydrometeorological phenomena and define the dimensions of the risk in Vigia, based on socio-environmental data. To produce the analysis, the research had data from the Centro de Hidrografia Marinha (CHM) were used, for tidal prediction, from the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA), to understand the seasonality of precipitation, and still, an aerial survey was carried out through a cooperation with the Management and Operational Center of the Amazon Protection System (CENSIPAM-CRBE), aiming at the production of a very high resolution Digital Terrain Model (MDT) to determine the area covered by the floodplain and an orthomosaic to visualize the urban features, among others. The socioeconomic (IBGE, 2010; IFDM, 2010) and health (DATASUS, 2014; 2016) data, in order to recognize the municipality's vulnerability to risk in relation to others in the coastal region, were adapted from another study, incorporating other health data, from a DATASUS source. Statistical and geoprocessing tools were applied to these data to compose the analyses. The main results found were: it is a historical problem, resulting from a socially constructed risk, accepted by the population and neglected by the public power; ⅓ of the occupation of the urban area is on the fluvial-marine plain, under the influence of the tide, with a large part of this area recently incorporated into the urban space, more strongly from the 1980s, in the context of the recent restructuring of the Amazon regional space. Its natural dynamics includes semi-diurnal tides, reaching 4.56 m; has an intense rainy season, for the regional characteristic of the eastern Amazon, with the highest accumulated precipitation in the months from January to May, between 307.1 mm and 489.9 mm, with the rainy quarter, FEB-MAR-ABR, passing 400 mm of rain and 25 days of average daily rainfall frequency (FDPRP). Still, there are records of flooding events affecting more than 4000 residences in the urban area, and these events were frequent during the researched historical series (1991-2020). The municipality still has a high socio-environmental vulnerability to risk, among the municipalities in the coastal region. These and other results can form a diagnosis on the hydrometeorological risk of the city of Vigia, providing subsidies for actions at various scales, whether environmental monitoring, disciplining and guiding land use and occupation, and also in investments in social areas and in the health in order to mitigate the effects of flood events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As dimensões do risco hidrometeorológico na cidade de Vigia de Nazaré-Pa, Zona Costeira paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-30) BARRETO, Cairo Eduardo Carvalho; COHEN, Julia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-8915; PIMENTEL, Marcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
The city of Vigia de Nazaré, located in the Northeast of Pará, Estuarine Continental Sector of the Coastal Zone of Pará, has a historical problem of flooding, caused mainly by the effects of the tide, the rainy season with considerable accumulations of precipitation and incorporation of the fluvial-marine floodplains to the urban area. The general objective is to understand the relationship between the dynamics of floods and the occupation process in the city of Vigia de Nazaré-PA, producing a diagnosis of risk to extreme hydroclimatic events, considering temporal factors, as well as those of coastal dynamics, which in line with converge to the reality experienced by the local population. Therefore, it will be necessary to understand the process of occupation in the city of Vigia, mainly on the floodplain area, the dynamics of hydrometeorological phenomena and define the dimensions of the risk in Vigia, based on socioenvironmental data. To produce the analysis, the research had data from the Centro de Hidrografia Marinha (CHM) were used, for tidal prediction, from the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA), to understand the seasonality of precipitation, and still, an aerial survey was carried out through a cooperation with the Management and Operational Center of the Amazon Protection System (CENSIPAM-CRBE), aiming at the production of a very high resolution Digital Terrain Model (MDT) to determine the area covered by the floodplain and an orthomosaic to visualize the urban features, among others. The socioeconomic (IBGE, 2010; IFDM, 2010) and health (DATASUS, 2014; 2016) data, in order to recognize the municipality's vulnerability to risk in relation to others in the coastal region, were adapted from another study, incorporating other health data, from a DATASUS source. Statistical and geoprocessing tools were applied to these data to compose the analyses. The main results found were: it is a historical problem, resulting from a socially constructed risk, accepted by the population and neglected by the public power; ⅓ of the occupation of the urban area is on the fluvial-marine plain, under the influence of the tide, with a large part of this area recently incorporated into the urban space, more strongly from the 1980s, in the context of the recent restructuring of the Amazon regional space. Its natural dynamics includes semi-diurnal tides, reaching 4.56 m; has an intense rainy season, for the regional characteristic of the eastern Amazon, with the highest accumulated precipitation in the months from January to May, between 307.1 mm and 489.9 mm, with the rainy quarter, FEB-MAR-ABR, passing 400 mm of rain and 25 days of average daily rainfall frequency (FDPRP). Still, there are records of flooding events affecting more than 4000 residences in the urban area, and these events were frequent during the researched historical series (1991-2020). The municipality still has a high socio-environmental vulnerability to risk, among the municipalities in the coastal region. These and other results can form a diagnosis on the hydrometeorological risk of the city of Vigia, providing subsidies for actions at various scales, whether environmental monitoring, disciplining and guiding land use and occupation, and also in investments in social areas and in the health in order to mitigate the effects of flood events
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recarga do aquífero livre na Universidade Federal do Pará, campus Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-06) SILVA, Salim Rodrigues da; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781
In Brazil urban supply, rural supply, industry, mining, thermoelectric, animal and irrigation consume approximately 61.46 billion m³/year of fresh water, with the greatest demand being urban supply (25%). In Belém, groundwater collection to feed the Water Supply System has been increasing. Despite this, the low quality of its distribution ends up stimulating the capitation of water without any criteria, contributing to the overexploitation of aquifers. In the field of scientific research, in the State of Pará, the amount of work to estimate underground recharge is incipient, making the development of new research urgent. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the recharge of the aquifer free of primary porosity located in an alluvial deposit, underlying the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém campus. The recharge estimate was carried out using the Water-Table Fluctuation (WTF) method in 8 monitoring wells distributed in the so-called health and professional sectors of the Federal University of Pará. The mean water level variation in the study area was between 0.76 and 2.27 m (discrete and continuous monitoring). A specific yield (Sy) was determined through a pumping test, which provided data that were analyzed in the AQTESOLV Demo software, using the Tartakovsky-Neuman analytical solution. The Sy result of the pumping test was 0.1 (10%). The estimated recharge for discrete monitoring was between 101.40 mm and 371.60 mm (year 2020), between 75.50 mm and 552.60 mm (year 2021) and between 19.50 mm and 140.50 mm (year 2022), with an average of 583.51 mm, which represents 6.93% of the precipitation in the study period (8,419.14 mm) and for continuous monitoring, it was between 40.00 mm and 87.90 mm (year 2020) and between 19.30 mm and 218.80 mm (year 2021), with an average of 539.45 mm, which corresponds to 38.86% of the precipitation of the study period (1,338.10 mm). Thus, based on discrete and continuous monitoring data, the average recharge for the study area corresponds to approximately 22.89% of the total precipitation. The results referring to the correlation between water table fluctuation and rainfall showed an average determination coefficient of 22.49%. Both the recharge and the correlation proved to be consistent with the other surveys carried out in Brazil. As explained above, continuous assessment of aquifer recharge is recommended for the sustainable use of groundwater resources, in order to ensure their multiple uses.