Navegando por Assunto "Rejeito de caulim"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aproveitamento do rejeito de caulim na produção de alumina para cerâmica e sílica de baixa granulometria(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-11-29) FLORES, Silvia Maria Pereira; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9559386620588673The Amazon region detains 10% of the world reserves of kaolim. Since the seventy's, two great amazonic beds of kaolim are explored, producing kaolim for paper cover. In the beneficiation process, it's generated an elevated volume of polluted industrial residue which is deposited in extensivas and onerous lagoons of sedimentation. Because of the residue is very voluminous, these lagoons become an environmental problem of great proportions, due the extensivas deforested areas used for their constructions ( Barata, 1998). In this work, are suggested altematives of economic utilization of this residue, which is constituted, mainly, by a suspension of the claymineral kaolinite, for the production of pozolane, aluminium sulphate, the synthesis of the ammonium alum and alumina for ceramics utilization. The methodology constitutes in the drying and the calcination of the residue, followed by the extraction of the AI retained by the acid lixiviation H2SO4 ) followed by the ammonium alum crystallisation, for the reaction with the concentrated NH4OH, by means of pH control, and later calcination at 1200°C, getting a-Al2O3, with no sodium and Iow granulometry. From the aluminas obtained, are made bodies of proof smashed and sintered at 1600°C, to the determination of the ceramics properties, which are compared to one of the commercial alumina. After the acid lixiviation for the AI extraction, results as an insoluble material, an amorphous silica, for which it is suggested, as an additional contribution, an economic application, using it as artificial pozolane in building portland cement, making mechanics tests for the evaluation of its performance. The material that were used and synthesized were characterized throught the use of the X ray diffraction, eletronic scanning microscopy, the infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermic analisys, particle size analysis, specific area BET, porosity, chemical analisys throught umid means and throught X ray fluorescence.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de processo de zeólita A utilizando o caulim da Amazônia e aplicação na adsorção de Cu+2(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-22) MORAES, Cristiane Gomes; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968Around the world millions of tons of inorganic waste are produced every day in mining and mineral processing. These wastes are stored in sedimentation basins or discarded in landfills, and very often are thrown directly into the environment without any treatment process. However, alternative recycling and/or reuse should be investigated and, where possible. This work shows studies in order to reuse the kaolin waste from Amazon, from a kaolin processing company for paper covering. For the synthesis of the zeolite in static and dynamic hydrothermal processes, was used as the silicon source and the aluminum kaolin waste, which passed through the calcination procedure in a muffle at 600°C to obtain metakaolin; and as sodium source chose to 5M sodium hydroxide solution. In the static method was used stainless steel autoclaves, in an oven at 110°C, using 1,75g of metakaolin, varying the time of synthesis and the mass of sodium hydroxide and the dynamic process, we used 100g of metakaolin, mass 34,5g sodium hydroxide; at 95°C under stirring system, varying the time of synthesis, in order to determine the optimal conditions in the synthesis of the zeolite in the process. Matches materials and zeolitic products obtained in the syntheses were characterized by: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric (DTA/TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle size analysis. There is the possibility of scale-up, since the zeolite obtained, the dynamic process in time of 30 min. Data from adsorption experiments determined by iodometric technique copper alloys and metal and minerals, adjusted by Langmuir and Freundlich suggest that the static and dynamic zeolitic materials have good adsorptive capacity reached 95% efficiency for concentrations in the range of 50 to 100mg/L, thereby demonstrating that these materials are efficient and cost effective alternative when used for the removal of heavy metals, in the case of copper, the treatment of industrial effluents.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estabilidade térmica da zeólita A sintetizada a partir de um rejeito de caulim da Amazônia(2008-09) MAIA, Ana Áurea Barreto; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; NEVES, Roberto de FreitasZeolite A was calcined at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 °C for 2h to evaluate its thermal stability. The zeolite A was synthesized using kaolin waste from kaolin processing industries for paper coating located in the Amazon region. Both zeolite A and further calcined products were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The zeolite A structure remained stable up to 600 °C, where only small variations in peak intensities were observed. At 800 °C the diffraction pattern still exhibited zeolite A but with the absence of some peaks. At 1000 °C nepheline, mullite and probably sodalite were formed. The zeolite A was also heated at 900 and 950 °C to check the two exothermic peaks observed in the DTA curve. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of nepheline, sodalite and mullite.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Preparação de suportes micro e mesoporosos para imobilização de lipase e aplicação na esterificação do ácido oléico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09-29) QUARESMA, Francisco Lucio Barbosa; NASCIMENTO, Luis Adriano Santos do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3720461233595226This study aimed to prepare and characterize heterogeneous catalysts using immobilized enzymes in MCM-41 supports and metakaolin. The supports were functionalized with APTES (an amine) for application to the oleic acid esterification reaction with methanol to produce ester. The characterization of the catalyst was made by XRD, FT-IR, physisorption of N2 and spectrometry of UV. The results show that MCM-41 has been effectively functionalized and immobilized enzymes were, however, there was a partial loss of the hexagonal array of such support, while for metakaolin, both functionalization as immobilization did not occur satisfactorily. Using UV spectrometry, it was found that around 80% of the enzymes were effectively immobilized on MCM-41. This biocatalyst (heterogeneous) was tested in the esterification of oleic acid (molar ratio to oleic acid / methanol was 1:15), at a temperature of 30 °C (100 rpm) for 12h. The obtained conversion was 52% of acid mass to ester, indicating that there viability on the use of MCM-41 amine functionalized for the immobilization of lipase, since catalytic activity of the enzyme was preserved. As for metakaolin, the results showed that, despite having been initially some connection enzymes to metakaolin functionalized, UV spectrometry showed that the anchoring enzyme was not effective in the course of 4 hours, however, new methodological approaches to this material may be applied to ensure the efficient functionalization and immobilization.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produção de zeólita analcima a partir de caulim amazônico(2013-12) MORAES, Cristiane Gomes; RODRIGUES, Emerson Cardoso; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; NEVES, Roberto de FreitasIn the north of Brazil large mineral reserves are found, which have been exploited in recent decades typically generating large volumes of waste to the environment. In the specific case of the kaolin is the main product exported is for paper coating (commodity) with low value. Its production also generates a massive waste composed mainly of high purity kaolinite, but with no specification to cover paper, being discarded or used in other less noble application. As zeolites are more noble materials and present silica and alumina, one of the goals of this work was the development of the production process of the zeolite analcime from kaolin waste, diatomite and sodium hydroxide solution. In the other hand, the methods described for obtaining zeolites are developed in an alkaline medium, typically using an excess of sodium hydroxide in the reaction, causing environmental and economic problems. The synthesis process of zeolite analcime semi-continuous is described, using excess of sodium hydroxide to be recovered and reused in a new process cycle. The process consisted in five consecutive cycles in an autoclave by reaction of calcined kaolin, diatomaceous earth as a source of additional silica, aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and fresh sodium hydroxide solution, and recycled. The reaction process was developed at 210 °C for 24 h. The product obtained at the end of each cycle was analcime zeolite characterized by XRF, XRD, DTA / TG, SEM. The production process of analcime showed high yield and reuse of sodium hydroxide through recycle to be technically feasible.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Síntese de zeólita do tipo faujasita a partir de um rejeito de caulim(2012-12) HILDEBRANDO, Edemarino Araujo; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; DIAZ, Francisco Rolando ValenzuelaZeolitic materials were synthesized using as main source of silicon and aluminum an industrial waste generated during the processing of kaolin for paper coating, the starting material and formed phases as reaction products were characterized by XRD, SEM and DRIFT. The synthesis process occurred in hydrothermal conditions and the effects, time-temperature, as well as the relations Si/Al and Na/Al were considered. The results show that in the methodology developed from kaolin waste, initially calcined at 700 ºC for 2 h, subjected then reaction in alkaline medium at 90 ºC for 48 h in presence of additional silica was obtained faujasite-type zeolite with good crystallinity as phase predominant in the synthesis product.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Síntese hidrotermal de sodalita básica a partir de um rejeito de caulim termicamente ativado(2010) PAZ, Simone Patrícia Aranha da; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; NEVES, Roberto de FreitasBasic sodalite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using kaolin waste as source of Aluminum and Silicon. This waste is mainly composed by kaolinite and is produced in large amount by kaolin processing industries for paper coating from the Amazon region. Initially, the waste has been calcined at 700 ºC for 2 h and then reacted with the following solutions: Na2CO3 and mixture of Na2CO3 + NaOH to 150 ºC with autogenous pressure for 24 h. The raw materials and transformed materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. In both studied media, well-crystallized, basic sodalite was the only phase synthesized, while in the literature usually a mixture of zeolites is obtained.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Utilização de rejeito de caulim da Amazônia na síntese da zeólita A(2007-09) MAIA, Ana Áurea Barreto; CORREA, Edinelson Saldanha; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; NEVES, Roberto de FreitasZeolite A and Hydroxysodalite were synthesized after kaolin wastes from kaolin processing industries for paper coating, located in the Amazon region. The waste is mainly composed by kaolinite, which has the same SiO2/Al2O3 ratio requested for those two zeolites. Thereby, synthesis process may occur in two steps: 1) the kaolin was submitted to thermal treatment, through calcination process at 700 °C for 2 h, in order to obtain the metakaolinite phase. The metakaolinite obtained reacted with NaOH solution, in hydrothermal conditions, using autoclaves, at the following temperatures: 80, 110 and 150 °C for 24 h. The starting materials were identified and characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and synthesis products were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, Thermal Methods (DTA-DTG) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A mixture of Zeolite A and Hydroxysodalite was obtained through this process at 150°C. In the temperature of 110 ºC there was only the Zeolite A formation. Nevertheless, in the lowest synthesis temperature (80°C) there was no crystalline material formation for the established conditions.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Zeólita A sintetizada a partir de rejeitos do processo de beneficiamento de caulim(2012-06) SANTANA, Daniela Lira de; SARAIVA, Augusto Cesar Fonseca; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; SILVA, Denilson Luz daRaw materials were used to synthesize zeolite A as an alternative and more economical source of silica and aluminum, using waste from the kaolin of the paper industry. Zeolites are crystalline substances with a structure characterized by a framework of linked tetrahedra, each one consisting of four oxygen atoms surrounding a cation. The development of processes for the synthesis of zeolites is of great interest for use in the areas of purification, adsorption and catalysis.The starting materials for the synthesis of zeolite A consisted of wastes from kaolin beneficiation of paper companies of Pará state, Brazil.The zeolite was obtained after calcination at 85 and 110 ºC during 24 h.The chracterization of the starting material was performed by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.The characterization of zeolite A was done by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The kaolin waste used as starting material showed to be essentially kaolinite mineral. For the temperatures and time used in the synthesis it was possible to form the crystalline phase of zeolite A for the two starting materials.