Navegando por Assunto "Responsabilidade civil"

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

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O dano existencial decorrente da violência psicológica no âmbito doméstico e familiar contra a mulher: uma análise dos julgados junto ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-03) ESTEVES, Lorena Meirelles; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
The present research was carried out with the objective of investigating how the Court of Justice of the State of Pará interprets and applies the non-patrimonial sheet damages resulting from cases of domestic and family psychological violence and what are the criteria and grounds used to quantify these damages. To this end, a study was carried out on the damage and the need to provide conceptual autonomy to the existential extra-patrimonial damage, which is understood to focus on cases of domestic and family psychological violence so that, from then on, it is possible to enable its treatment. adequate legal system, in order to conceptualize and quantify these damages based on coherent criteria, in order to guarantee protection and protection of the rights of these victims and grant them an effective fight against violence and due access to justice. For this, it was necessary, from the outset, to identify the origin and the social historical construction that provides elements to the existence of gender inequality and that results in a sexist institutional and social system that oppresses and excludes women, these, understood as any and all woman who identifies and recognizes herself as such, including them in their different individualities, subjectivities and intersectionalities. In this scenario, in view of the various forms of violence perpetrated against women throughout history, this study focused specifically on the psychological violence suffered by them, in the domestic and family context, as described in item II of article 7 of the Maria da Penha Law, perpetrated by partners or former affective partners who practice a harmful act that culminates in an existential damage, which, for its characterization and quantification, must take into account not only its historical aspect, but also the consequences harmful to the life, life project, dignity and health of these victims. In this way, through the deductive method, based on theoretical framework and legal norms, a research was carried out on the website of the Court of Justice of Pará and Jusbrasil, in addition, and from the qualitative analysis of the identified decisions, it was evidenced that the aforementioned court has not used the concepts and methods suitable for the classification, conceptualization and quantification of the off-balance sheet damage arising from domestic and family psychological violence perpetrated against women, resulting in a failure to provide effective compensation, prevention and punishment to the victim , moving away from fulfilling the functions of civil responsibility and, consequently, the guardianship and protection of women's rights, compromising their dignity and access to justice.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Direito de danos e reparação civil ambiental: o fundamento de teoria de direito privado da responsabilidade civil ambiental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-19) LIMA, Gabriel Santos; SÁ, João Daniel Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9744534971209709
This research deals with civil liability for damage to the environment, evaluating a possible theoretical realignment of private law in the application of civil reparation. The work is divided into three parts. The first part initially presents the corrective and distributive models of civil liability, in order to understand the state of the art of the discussion on the right to damages. In the second stage, a doctrinal analysis is made of the elements of Brazilian objective civil liability, as well as the possible challenge presented by the application of the institute in the case of environmental damage. In the third and last part, the concepts of vulnerability are analyzed, in line with the conception of a new private law defended by Cláudia Lima Marques and Bruno Miragem, of distributive justice, based on the theory of Diego M. Papayannis, as well as possible repercussions from civil liability to the collective guardianship regime, based on idea of collective process. It appears that such concepts can be decisive for attributing civil liability for damage to the environment. Still in this last section, the case of programmed obsolescence of products is used to test the hypothesis. It is concluded that civil liability for damage to the environment can take advantage of vulnerability and distributive justice to promote a real change in the logic of private law.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O lucro do ofensor como critério de quantificação das indenizações por danos morais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-15) FAMPA, Daniel Silva; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
The present study aims to analyze to what extent the offender's profit can be considered a criterion in relation to the quantum of damages fixed by way of moral damages. It adopts the deductive method throughout the investigation, supported by bibliographical research and caselaw survey to confront the hypotheses of the work. In order to answer the problem question, it initially examines the interlocution between the functions of civil liability contemporaneously diffused. It considers compensation to be a dimension of the reparatory function, being essential to adapt this function to the regulations of moral damages, since these are incompatible with the logic of returning to the status quo ante. It contextualizes the reparation of damages in the constitutional system of prime protection to the dignity of human beings, gauging the effects that emanate from the incidence of the ideal of personalization in relations set among individuals. Through a research in the Federal Supreme Court’s virtual database of decisions, it reports the stages of the process of acceptance of moral damages in Brazil, from its unrestricted rejection to its insertion in the Federal Constitution of 1988. In addition, it discusses the most widespread attempts of their conceptualization, accepting, among the proposals that qualify them as a violation of human dignity, the one which is friendlier to the requirement of integral protection of individuals, since this expands the range of possibilities of legal goods that are compensated in case of violation. It acknowledges that the need for compensation for such damages represented the effective entrance door for "new" functions of civil liability in Brazil, since the equitable arbitration, as a model of quantification, grants the judges greater freedom, regarding to the stipulation of the quantum of damages, allowing them to consider criteria that cannot be considered reparatory. First, it examines the problem of quantification from the comparison between the ‘law pricing’ and ‘the equitable arbitration by the judge’ models, indicating their respective manifestations in the internal legal system. It investigates the main criteria of quantification adopted by the Brazilian Courts today, including consideration of the biphasic method, absorbed by the Superior Court of Justice in its law-cases. It explores the teleological connections that the offender's profit parameter holds with the civil liability functions, identifying the possibilities of a double dimension of the damage suffered by the victims in these cases. It concludes that the criterion investigated has a clear reparatory purpose in relation to the offender; therefore, it is not necessary to evoke the punitive or preventive function to support its applicability. Without prejudice to the preceding idea, it is possible to consider a punitive or dissuasive approach in cases of malice or gross fault by the offender, and it is essential that the judges observe, in stipulating the quantum of damages, the nature of the right which was injured, especially considering the extent of right-holders (whether individual or trans individual), which may cause changes in the quantum defined.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A prevenção na responsabilidade civil e a imputação pela formação do estado de danosidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-24) FONSECA, Aline Klayse dos Santos; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
The institute of the civil liability, inserted in the methodology of the contemporary civil law, passes for intense transformations, instigating the reflection on its sensible Real and the effectivity of the reparatórios mechanisms to stanch or to diminish the proliferation of illicit behaviors that interfere with the legal sphere of the human being, causing legal injuries in its existential situations, goods or interests. In this scene, some legal concepts, the example of the damage concept, for its proper rigidity, favour the continuity depráticas harmful or potentially damages and cause exaggeration between the necessary precaution and prevention of the damages. In this manner, the present study it has as central intention had analysed conceptual adequacy of the damage to insert, coherently, the prevention, in the institute of the civil liability, as well as the legal consequences happened of this conceptual magnifying, as well as the mechanisms to discourage the injuring behavior them individuals, restraining illicit behaviors that, even so do not cause concrete damage, form an unfair state of danosidade that at risk puts the human being, legal goods or interests, considered individual or collectively. The research was guided by the hypothesis of that, traditional and rigid oconceito of damage, understood as an effective reduction of a patrimony compromises the prevention and inhibition of damages and perpetrates abusive practices in society current, given the resistance to impute the responsibility to the agent who forms an unfair state of danosidade without the existence of a concrete damage is verified and current. However, the adoption of a concept of ample damage that accumulates of stocks the unfair training of the danosidade state allows that the civil liability accomplishes its aims that they go beyond the simple repair, but involves, also, the prevention, precaution, punishment and the induction of behaviors adjusted with the constitutional and infraconstitutional values.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Problemática da insuficiência teórica do nexo de causalidade: dificuldades e avanços
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-29) GILLET, Jessica Santos Malcher; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
This master's thesis seeks to reflect on one of the assumptions of civil liability - the causal link. In view of the current theoretical difficulty to solve complex problems, fruits of contemporary relations, the objective of the work is to demonstrate that the assumption of causality is faced in Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence in a confusing way, especially addressing three main theories - equivalence of conditions, adequate cause and direct and immediate cause, elected and applied, without due coherence or justification, and also that it is necessary to analyze the causal link within other possibilities besides those used in the Courts. Thus, in order to answer the problem presented, the work offers new views on the causal nexus, within punctuated foreign doctrines, as well as verifying the application of the most usual theories in judges selected for their relevance to research. For the construction of the master's thesis, the inductive method was used. It is concluded that the jurisprudence is imprecise as to the use of the equivalence of conditions theory, adequate cause and direct and immediate cause and that Brazilian doctrine already has, in a timid way, alternatives for the analysis of the causal nexus that accompany the tendency of foreign law and these are in accordance with constitutional principles, producing a dialogue based on otherness, which may come to build more dignified protection for the victim.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A responsabilidade civil das instituições financeiras pelos danos ambientais causados pelos tomadores de crédito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) AVELINO, Daniel César Azeredo; TRECCANI, Girolamo Domenico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4319696853704535
The protection on the environment is a fundamental right for the Brazilian constitutional order, which even protects the future generations by its provisions. However, although clear as it may seam, the effective protection of the environment encounters concrete obstacles regarding the difficulty in implementing the constitutional text in complex private activities, typical of the modern period. In this context, financial institutions have taken a unique role and importance in the various relationships that operate between man and the environment in the absence of a codified regulation that would clearly and systematically present the requirements and cautions that banks should obey to while funding a certain project. Faced with this scenario, the present study attempts to compile the various constitutional, legal and infra-legal rules on the subject, in order to, afterwards, carry out an investigative field research, by sampling, to investigate the degree of compliance by the financial institutes to the existing rules. Furthermore, theses rules are critically analyzed, searching, in a constitutional level, for robust theoretical framework that demonstrates the civil liability of the financial institutions for environmental damage caused by its customers, more broadly, from the analysis of each case. This is an essential step to the research, given the simplicity of the infra-legal specific rules on the subject, which end up leaving the constitutional protection at a significant risk. In this process of doctrinal construction, we seek the exact understanding of the historical evolution of key institutions, such as contracts and property, as well as a detailed analysis of the application of fundamental rights in private relations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa decorrentes da aplicação de agrotóxicos na atividade agrária: estudos teórico e jurisprudencial de decisões dos Tribunais de Justiça dos estados brasileiros
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-25) COSTA, Elida de Cássia Mamede da; MATTOS NETO, Antonio José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4719479439779242; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-7485
This thesis assesses the civil liability to pesticides’ users in Brazil for damages to the person that this activity effectively and potentially causes. The main objective is to analyze theoretical aspects and the judicial decision regarding civil liability for the pesticides’ application, whose damages caused directly to the person are increased with the increasingly flexible standardization of pesticides in all its production stages as a Brazilian trend. To elaborate the situation analysis, this work first used theoretical and qualitative research based on a bibliographic survey and legislation related to pesticides and civil liability, while the second step involved quali-quantitative Brazilian Courts judgement’s documentary survey, with the deductive reasoning’s juridical method in both stages. The theoretical reference’s result points to the need for consideration and evaluation civil liability following functions: reparative / compensatory, punitive, preventive and precautionary, as well as this circumstance as a harm’s state and conduct damage, added to the legal or normative causality notion, causality’s presumption and integral risk theory application. In the second stage results in demonstration that in Brazil the tendency is that the Judiciary does not impose civil liability on the pesticides’ users if the evidence for direct and immediate damage and causal link is not present in terms of the causal nexus in generalizing and individualizing causality’s theories. The conclusion is that in Brazil the doctrinal evolution does not follow accompanied by the judicial decision evolution, observed the difficulty to civil liability’s judicial imposition for the pesticides application. This difficulty is coupled with the current legislative tendency to facilitate from registration for manufacture to the product’s use, production, storage, transportation, distribution, commercialization and application of the product – that culminates in the excessive pesticides’ application in crops, which will allow the expansion of agro-environmental damage. Thus, there is a need to reinforce agro-environmental protection through strict legal restrictions and the consequent civil liability recognition amplitude in judgments, to promote the pesticides responsible application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Responsabilidade objetiva e direitos fundamentais: uma reflexão sobre o parágrafo único do artigo 927 do Código Civil Brasileiro a partir de Paul Ricoeur
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) FEIO, Kleber Vinicius Gonçalves; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
This work focuses on strict liability. It is, more specifically, an analysis of the sole paragraph of Article 927 of the Brazilian Civil Code, read as a general clause of strict liability. The research methodology adopted focused on the literature search. As theoretical framework, the work is based on the compilation "Le Juste" by Paul Ricoeur. Therefore, this work clearly has ties to the ethical thought and theories of justice. This work, moreover, emphasizes the interpretation of Ricoeur about the Theory of Justice by John Rawls. Structurally the work is divided into four chapters, the first presents the state of the art and indicates the direction of our investigation. The second deals with the evolution of the concept of responsibility, as outlined by Ricoeur. The third is our foundation: the Rawls’ theory of justice, reinterpreted by Ricoeur. The fourth, our concluding remarks.