Navegando por Assunto "Restauração florestal"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incêndios, degradação e restauração biocultural de florestas sociais na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns, oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) PEREIRA, Cássio Alves; BARLOW, Jos; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
The Amazon plays a central role in the conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, in the provision of ecosystem services of global relevance, such as climate regulation and is the habitat of thousands of traditional communities and indigenous populations. Despite its socio-environmental importance, human activities have caused extensive transformations in the Amazon rainforest and one of the biggest current concerns, in addition to deforestation (clear-cutting of the forest) is forest degradation caused by fire. This thesis addresses the theme of degradation caused by fires in social forests inhabited by indigenous communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, in the region of Santarém, west of Pará, considered one of the most vulnerable regions to fire in the Amazon region. The research evaluates the perception of indigenous communities about the degradation and changes in social forest conditions caused by forest fires, examines the effect of two consecutive fires (2015 and 2017) on the structure, composition and diversity of forest tree and palm species, and analyzes the possibility of building strategies to prevent future degradation and recover social forests by the biocultural approach that integrates research and traditional knowledge of the indigenous communities. The results showed that consecutive forest fires reduce the biomass of the vegetation and lead to taxonomic homogenization of the forest. Indigenous communities perceive the vulnerability of their territory to the occurrence of forest fires, particularly in times of severe drought. In addition, they recognize social, economic and environmental losses and are willing to act to control the advance of degradation and the recovery of the social forest. Finally, a research and action agenda focused on causes, impacts, management and mitigation of fires in social forests is proposed, which includes pilot initiatives for biocultural restoration, produced jointly with the communities. These initiatives should contain goals, approaches and technologies capable of empowering economically, socially and politically and integrating the action of indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, public agencies, academia and research agencies and the public power in order to expand the approach to biocultural restoration related to forest fires in the Amazon and produce globally relevant knowledge and lessons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de qualidade do solo e sistema de plantio adensado em área degradada na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) SILVA, Kerciane Pedro da; SANTOS JUNIOR, Jaime Barros dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8994389767647854; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2933-8764; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Soil degradation results in the loss of organic matter and compaction, making the assessment of soil health through quality indicators essential for monitoring and adapting management practices in degraded areas. Furthermore, seeking new planting strategies for forest restoration is important so that areas that have suffered some type of degradation can be restored. In this context, the objectives of this study were: 1. To compare soil quality in forest areas and different topographies of a pasture area. 2. To analyze the survival and growth of tree species. 3. To evaluate the effect of grafting on C. sanguinolentum planted in spaced groups. The research was conducted at the Environmental Studies Center (CEA), located in the municipality of Vitória do Xingu, PA, in the Volta Grande do Xingu region. Soil samples were collected from the forest area and at three different altitude ranges (120-130 m, 130-140 m, and 140-150 m) in the degraded area to determine physical and chemical attributes, in addition to calculating the Soil Structural Quality Index (IQES). The dense planting technique consisted of the distribution of 30 groups located on three different topographies (120, 130, and 140 m). Each group was composed of 13 seedlings of forest species representing different successional stages, with the climax species C. sanguinolentum positioned in the center. In each altitude range, five grafted and five non-grafted individuals of C. sanguinolentum were planted in the center of the groups, and monitored over a six-month period. The soil analysis identified significant differences in physical and chemical parameters between forest areas and pasture areas, highlighting the impact of management practices in degraded areas. The forest areas exhibited better physical soil quality compared to the degraded areas. In the forest, there were higher concentrations of organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a more acidic pH due to the accumulation of organic matter. On the other hand, the degraded altitude ranges showed a tendency toward soil compaction. In the dense planting, the mortality rate was 7.69%, with the species S. mombin and G. americana showing no mortality. S. mombin had the highest growth in height (75.87%) and diameter (168.25%). The species C. sanguinolentum showed better performance in diameter among the non-grafted seedlings, with mortality occurring only in the grafted seedlings. Seedling growth was influenced by altitude, with better diameter and height development of the studied species in the lower altitude area. The soil analysis results demonstrated that native vegetation contributes to the improvement of soil quality and maintains positive ecological processes, while inappropriate practices harm the soil's ecological functionality. Dense planting, in general, proved to be an effective strategy for ecological restoration, thus promoting ecosystem functionality and contributing to the advancement of ecological succession in degraded areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restauração de paisagens culturais: cosmovisão das populações indígenas e áreas prioritárias para restauração florestal no Mosaico Gurupi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-24) MIRANDA, Magda Valéria Corrêa; FORLINE, Louis Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2964073071859917; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-0982; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-909X
While deforestation results in huge losses, restoration of these spaces reestablishes connections between living beings and carries out a profound cultural rescue. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the connections established between the modeling performed for prioritizing areas for restoration and their local reinterpretation in terms of indigenous territoriality and cultural vulnerability, thus highlighting the social side of restoration. The study area (13,000, 032.79 ha) was delimited around the “Mosaico Gurupi” region (1,799, 639.32 ha), the main intact forest remnant of the Belem Endemism Area (AEB), overlapping the states from Para and Maranhão. This research embraced ethnographic elements of the indigenous populations that live in that region (Awa-Guajá, Ka’apor, Tembé and Guajajara) as well as ecological and social criteria, which were analyzed through multicriteria modeling using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique as a tool to define priority areas for restoration. Indigenous perceptions were also included with translations from the indigenous languages of the participating ethnic groups of some recurring terms in this theme. Most of the protected areas presented areas of highest priority in multiple scenarios, increasing the probability of natural regeneration. There is no area of highest priority coinciding with the three scenarios, which would represent the greatest possible chance of restoration success for the study area, as it would jointly meet different restoration objectives. In the study area, 17,354.07 ha were classified as a very high ecological demand for restoration in addition to highest probability of natural regeneration (scenarios 1 and 2), and in this same region 4.77 ha were classified as highest probability of natural regeneration and highest cultural benefit (scenarios 2 and 3). Until 2019 the study area as a whole had 9,536,772.37 ha (73.33 %) of its area deforested (subject to restoration) and the Mosaico Gurupi had 357,462.8 ha (19.86 %) deforested, demonstrating the great need for restoration in the region. It is therefore recommended to start restoration in areas of the highest priority in terms of cultural benefits in the Mosaico Gurupi, where the probability of natural regeneration is greater and where the main stakeholders, the indigenous population, are committed to restoration measures as well as involving other actors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restauração florestal na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da concorrência de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas na Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-15) SILVA, Camila de Cássia do Socorro; MATTOS JÚNIOR, José Sampaio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2288193304873040; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Natural resources are increasingly affected by the massive use that man makes when using them. As a consequence, we observe the instability of the climate, the increase of the seas, the melting of the polar ice caps, the degradation of the soils, the deforestation of the forests, among other effects. In several regions of the world, especially in the Amazon, forest restoration with its various methods has been a sustainable alternative to mitigate these effects. The discussion about technological trajectories in the Amazon can help in understanding the forest restoration agendas that multiply in this space, because it is in this environment that it is verified that technological trajectories establish different forms of production that may or may not take into account the original nature (the Amazon forest biome). Due to this, the objectives that guide this research analyzed the competition between different technological trajectories, in particular, T6 (silvicultural) and T2 (agroforestry) around forest restoration. The study region took place in Açailândia, a municipality belonging to Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio (RIBP). To expose the competition between the different forms of forest restoration, it was decided to obtain the perception of four groups of agents, among which are the peasants representing agroforestry systems, the private sector representing reforestation with eucalyptus, the public sector and products of seedlings. Methodologically, the theoretical and methodological framework on technological trajectories in the Amazon was used. Primary and secondary data were collected, the first made from questionnaires and interviews and the secondary through platforms and official documents. The results indicated the different productive forces between the technological trajectories that were the focus of the study, since there was strong competition from T6 and even from T7 (soybean), while T2 continues to resist through agroforestry movements, despite the absence of public institutional, technical and financial support. In addition, the results show that despite the resistance of agroforestry movements, there is a strong pressure for natural resources coming from T6 and T7, mainly by land, processes that conjecture for the weakening of forest restoration by the most sustainable agroforestry methods, such as, are performed by T2.