Navegando por Assunto "Risco"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma análise do acontecimento "crianças e jovens em risco"
(2014-04) LEMOS, Flávia Cristina Silveira; SCHEINVAR, Estela; NASCIMENTO, Maria Lívia do
This article discusses the risk event, from a historical and political perspective. It presents an overview of the debate on this analytical category, denaturalizing it. In the second part of the text, we seek to weave a description of how the risk event came on the scene in the policy of protection of children and young people as a strategic means of social protection and prevention. Then, it analyzes how risk management is materialized in the practices of the guardianship council members in Brazil, following the approval of the Statute of Children and Adolescents. The guardianship council becomes a central board of management of deviations in behalf of full protection. We conclude that managing risks involves governing behaviors out of the logic of a safety society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construction delays: a case study in the Brazilian Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09) MAUÉS, Luiz Mauricio Furtado; SANTANA, Wylliam Bessa; SANTOS, Paulo Cerqueira dos; NEVES, Renato Martins das; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro
The construction industry is one of the industrial sectors with the lowest rates of fulfilment of contract deadlines, especially in developing countries. This fact has been the focus of considerable discussions seeking to identify the causes of the delays. The main purpose of this paper is to use factor analysis to identify the factors that are correlated with delay, contemplating exclusively residential real estate projects and using a city in the Brazilian Amazon as a case study. Based on the database from the government agency that authorises constructions in the city of Belém (City Planning Department - Secretaria Municipal de Urbanismo, SEURB) and data from construction companies, the study investigated 274 construction projects from the past 11 years. Factor analysis and work with the variables that can be identified and measured in the initial phase of the project, i.e., during the feasibility study, demonstrate that the physical characteristics of the apartments and the construction project are the primary causes for variations in construction delays; these causes have not yet been reported in the literature. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to more consistent forecasting of construction time, minimising the risk of delays.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansão portuária e conflitos socioambientais no município de Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-13) DAMASCENO, José Roberto Pereira; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173
The research aimed to study the port activity and its expansion as a possible generator of socio- environmental conflicts in the communities surrounding the Port Zone of the Municipality of Barcarena, identifying and analyzing these conflicts arising from the installation and operation of the ports to, in the end, propose instruments for conflict mediation. . It is necessary to understand how socio-environmental conflicts occur to motivate sustainability actions and policies that preserve the community against recurring environmental damage in its territory. In addition, it is important to promote transparency in the process and use conflict management tools in the face of complex territorial relations, structuring the agents involved in the search for consensus and equity of rights. Data were obtained through bibliographic and documentary surveys and individualized interviews with residents, port officials, municipal and state authorities. It was concluded that the port activity has great potential for generating conflicts and that the dynamics that involve actions for the operation of the ports of Barcarena cause environmental damage and lasting conflicts between the actors: port companies; community and public power. These conflicts are aggravated by the lack of transparency in Environmental Impact Studies and the absence of the use of self-composition tools for conflict management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão dos resíduos provenientes de serviços de saúde no município de Belém-PA: entre os limites da teoria e prática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-09) MENEZES, Grece Kelly Alencar; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793
In the search for a solution to the problems of solid waste in urban centers, and noting that one of the challenges currently facing municipal public managers, is related to the form of proper final disposal of solid waste generated by these, this research has as main objective , show the reality of health service waste management in the Municipality of Belém-Pa, giving special emphasis to the form of the appropriate final disposition and presentation of the quantification of health service waste generated. The central theme will present a discussion and analysis in relation to risk governance and the realization of urban development with democratic bases based on the theory of sustainable cities, as well as the relationship of the case study addressed, it will also present the issue of socio-environmental vulnerability perceived in the work of field, once it identified people who are in a state of social vulnerability and live in the vicinity of the undertakings that dispose of this type of waste, that address the issue of health service waste, the relationship between the scope of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially number 11, together with the implementation of the Metropolis Statute regarding the management of this specific type of waste solid, and still related to the dictates of the New Urban Agenda. The method applied is the case study and the implementation of the new urban agenda. The empirical method applied is the case study, given the revealing case and odd moment that Belenense society lives and that the study deals with, being, therefore, based on a qualitative approach, using non-participant observation, of an analytical-descriptive character and exploratory. It was also applied the technique of documentary research to survey normative materials, legal documents and non-confidential public documents produced during the process studied, in order to arrive at the presentation of reality and its particularities in the capital of Pará. For this, the semi-structured interviews technique was also used to collect information with key actors and the non- participant observation technique. Finally, it has a practical contribution to the study, a draft Resolution was produced considering the data collected in the identification of the diagnosis raised during the research, containing the collected contributions that will help the public authorities in the environmental management of these residues, and which will be forwarded to the Council State of Environment, to evaluate the possibility of being incorporated into the new local standard, as well as, a small informative guide about the residues of health services and their way of disposal in an appropriate place was also elaborated and which has the purpose of being distributed the population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governança de risco em barragens de contenção de rejeitos: uma análise da lei de segurança de barragens e das entidades reguladoras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-16) PEREIRA, Oniwendel Felipe de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
Still in the first decade of implementation of the Dam Safety Law (LSB), three failures were recorded in Brazil in tailings containment dams with considerable socioeconomic and environmental impacts. These disruptions, at the beginning of the implementation of the LSB, draw attention to this important regulatory framework that should guarantee adequate Risk Governance and promote Brazilian society to support the strengthening of dam safety. In addition, observing other scenarios, such as the important region of the Amazon, where the State of Pará is located, one can observe a fact that reinforces the need to reflect on the safety of these structures, given that, according to SNISB data (ANA, 2021) is the second entity of the federation with the most dams for containing mining tailings, second only to Minas Gerais. Many concerns can be raised regarding the safety of these dams, one of them is a basic aspect, where the question is, does LSB present Risk Governance? And if it does, at what level is it present? Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze whether the LSB can be considered as having a low level of presence of Risk Governance and for this purpose, the hypothesis was formulated that a gap that exists in the LSB, tending to impair the safety of containment dams of tailings in Brazil, is caused by the adoption of a model with a low degree of Risk Governance. The question that guided the research hypothesis was: In comparison with the Risk Governance model developed by the IRGC (2017), as well as other models, can LSB be classified as low grade in terms of the presence of Risk Governance? The analysis was carried out by performing the structured comparison of the LSB with other models and to optimize this process, the Comparative Qualitative Analysis tool was used, through its variant Fuzzy Set QCA (fsQCA). Eight different cases were used as a basis for comparison and for the construction of causal conditions, the IRGC Risk Governance model (2017) was used. The results denied the hypothesis of this thesis, however, they contributed with final considerations relevant to the theme. Among them, it is noteworthy that most public entities that apply the LSB do not have full presence of Risk Governance in their regulatory frameworks, including SEMAS-PA, which only recently sought to start applying the LSB.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Juventude, risco e proteção no contexto escolar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-05) NUNES, Tatiene Germano Reis; SILVA, Lucia Isabel da Conceição; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5758168217659420; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and protective factors existing in the relationship between young people and the school. To this end, we conducted two empirical studies. The first investigated the relationship between school failure, perceptions of the school and expectations for the future among the young. In the second study investigated the influence of self-esteem and self-efficacy as protective factors in school. The study included a sample of 610 young people aged 14 to 24 years (M = 16.56, SD = 2.37), of both sexes, public school students in the city of Belém do Pará was used a questionnaire with 77 multiple choice questions. The results of the first study revealed that almost half of the students have experienced school failure, despite having a good perception about the school. There were correlations between school failure and low expectations for future academic and between perceptions about the school and good prospects improved academics. The expectation of entering university were more associated with female gender. The results of the second study showed a high correlation between the variables self-esteem, selfefficacy and future prospects. Perceptions of the school was related only with self-esteem, no significant correlation with self-efficacy. The results highlighted the importance of the school as a development context, such results poderãocontribuir in promoting strategies that favor personal protective factors, ie, the sociocognitive mechanisms, self-esteem, self-efficacy in motivating attitudes, behaviors and higher expectations studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A manutenção do equilíbrio econômico de contratos de obras públicas empreitadas: parâmetros para o estudo de riscos vinculados a atrasos no encaixe do preço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-12-01) MATTOS, Renato Marinho Meira; ALENCAR, Cláudio Tavares de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1047965312058430; CRUZ, André Luiz Guerreiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891750095857292
In the Civil Engineering field, one of the most important segments is the global piecework, the one that is made by an agreement and by the right and total price. Public works, that are meant to attend a public utility, and whose contracts are ruled by the 8.666/93 Law, are often bided this way. Article 58 of this Law determines that the economic-financial balance of these contracts must be kept. The theoric fundamentation concerns of public works concepts, the most important aspects of 8.666/93 Law, economic-financial analysis and risks analysis. This paper presents, also, a systematic and numeric simulation to piecework undertaking im Civil Engineering field. The goal of this paper is to create parameters for the establishment of protection margins for due-date extension, and respective price receiving, as determined by 8.666/93 Law, thus keeping the original balance. Based on 63 analyzed construction works, the economic-financial balance is verified, comparing the expected restricted return rate at the bidding moment, with the one that was actually obtained in the operation. From the deviation detected in the return rates between those two different moments, parameters for covering the referred risks are created by a simulation process and sensibility analysis. First, at the bidding moment, the restrict return mean rate is 9,45% a month. At the second moment, this rate falls to 5,16% a month. It represents, in mean, 45,39% of variation. The atractive mean rate based on the analysed public construction works is between 6% to 13% a month. The calculated parameters for due-date extension and respective price receiving is between 1,5% to 11,5% of price. Therefore, in the analysed public works, dont exist the economic-finacial maintaining balance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Na “beira” do cais, o centro englobador em risco: perspectivas e possibilidade de reordenamento da orla de Abaetetuba/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-30) SILVA, Dalgisa da Conceição Araújo da; SOUZA, Alexandre Augusto Cals e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2652815221358066; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1424-5055
This work proposes to analyze the process of transformation that has been developing along the urban riverfront of the municipality of Abaetetuba/PA, occupations in the Amazonian landscape, in areas protected by the course of tides and riparian forests in areas that should be protected. These occupations constitute areas of vulnerability, where the risks are present in the houses built in areas of water courses, in areas of erosive soil, in a caused way and without protection infrastructure, a fact that culminated in a disaster that occurred in 2014 in the São João neighborhood: a landfill collapse destroyed 13 (thirteen) houses and, as a result, 51 (fifty one) families were supported by the disaster. In a similar way, this occupation process also affected other areas of the riverside, mainly the commercial side, which I call here the encompassing center, as it is a historic neighborhood with economic and cultural potential, where one of the largest open-air fairs in the region. I followed this accident while working at the Municipal Civil Defense Coordination, and I was able to see firsthand the suffering of people who had losses of all kinds, and who were no longer able to return to their homes. This fact motivated me to question how to rearrange risk areas in already consolidated urban spaces, in order to prevent new disasters from occurring. The risk scenario takes place in Abaetetuba, in areas of different land uses and occupations, areas of social vulnerability, environmental protection, commercial flow, concentration of urban equipment and an area of historical memory. In this way, I analyze the process of transformation of the riverside neighborhoods of Abaetetuba as the formation of risk areas for the development of a proposal and planning that considers the risks and vulnerabilities present in these territories. Based on the research results, it was found that, despite the history of disasters in these places, the existing urban structure and the lack of a risk management plan that protects the riverfront contributed to the risk scenario that is presented. In this way, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of public intervention based on improvements in existing planning instruments and the elaboration of new ones, which include the diagnosis of the areas, monitoring and a differentiated treatment for the risk areas in which the population participates. of the process. The research was carried out through data collection and application of semi-structured questionnaires with public sector agents and civil society to enable a more efficient planning proposal. The research was conceived in a multidisciplinary analysis in which contributions from municipal plans and scholars from the areas of geography, environment, social sciences and urban policy are articulated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização e análise de risco da capacidade portuária da bacia amazônica, quanto ao crescimento da demanda de grãos e ao porte dos navios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-03) MORAES NETO, Luciano Pinto de; MORAES, Hito Braga de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5044859479302394; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-0587
Maritime transport in recent years has brought about a great change in ports around the world due to the advancement of technology which allowed the construction of increasingly larger vessels to reduce freight and transport more cargo. Aware of this reality, this work develops an assessment of port terminals in the Amazon basin, using queuing theory combined with risk analysis and optimization to evaluate port capacity in the face of future grain demands for the region, given that with the advance technology, larger ships are being manufactured and capable of transporting large amounts of cargo, with this advance, the existing ports need to adapt their infrastructure according to the new trends in shipbuilding. In this dissertation, data was collected of movement of cargo and capacity of the existing port terminals in the Amazon region with a focus on long-haul export terminals. A model was developed using the queuing theory to gauge the capacity of terminals and the productivity of ships for use in the @RISK platform, which uses optimization combined with risk analysis, generating distribution and tornado graphs, enabling the analysis of the terminals. help in decision-making on the performance of terminals and ships in an integrated manner. The research allows, through generated simulations, the analysis of various scenarios for the movement of grain from these terminals and the impact that larger ships will bring to the region's port infrastructure. Considering that the estimated movement of terminals in the Amazon basin for 2030 is approximately 60 million tons, where it was observed that the terminals are not prepared to achieve this stipulated target if they do not invest in their development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perigo, probabilidade e oportunidade: a linguagem dos riscos na mídia
(2002) SPINK, Mary Jane Paris; DANTAS, Benedito Medrado; MÉLLO, Ricardo Pimentel
Based on the assumption that risk is a central concept in contemporary society, the study aims to understand the role of the media in the circulation and consolidation of the language of risks. The Folha de S. Paulo, a major Brazilian newspaper, was used as a source of data. Research procedures involved: 1) mapping the diversity of terms used for talking about the possibility of occurrence of events seen as occasions for loss or gain; 2) diachronic analysis of a representative sample of news-items with the word risk on the title (1921-1998); 3) analysis of the use of the language of risks by subject area (CD-Rom Folha, 1994-1997). The results suggest that the use of the language of risks in the media is recent and diversified with emphasis on both, the formal language of risk calculations and its metaphoric use for talking about disorder in contemporary society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As políticas agrícola e de defesa civil em áreas vulneráveis na Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-15) SILVA, Lidiane de Souza; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The Amazon region carries a long course of government intervention, which affected the adopted development model. Consequently, the interest regarding how the existing institutional fixes for agricultural policies and National Policy on Protection and Civil Defense (PNPDEC) could contribute to face problems connected to extreme events that occurred in this region, increased. This thesis analyses, the institutional arrangements proposed during two different national public policies period, the agricultural and protection policy and the civil defense policy. Those policies were implemented by the state in rural areas of the Legal Amazonia. The research question was “By which means do the agricultural policies possess the intersectoriality needed to envisage the vulnerabilities and risks resulting of the extreme events occurred in rural areas of the Legal Amazonia? This analysis was carried using the Multiple Stream and the discourse analysis associated with the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, the qualitative comparative analysis and the Fuzzy logic operationalized by the software fsQCA 2.0. The independent variables (X) were socioeconomic conditions, production, institutional and environmental. The conditions found in those variables reflected the intersectoriality existing level between the agriculture policies and civil defense policies. The results confirmed this thesis hypothesis, in which the intersectoriality level among the public policies studied did not allow the acknowledgement of the rural areas located in the countryside of the Legal Amazonia specificities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quadro ideias-chave para pensar proteção da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) JERÓNIMO, Helena Mateus
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A responsabilidade civil objetiva como dever fundamental e sua incidência nas relações privadas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Adelvan Oliverio; LEAL, Pastora do Socorro Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3244282344643324
The work examines sociological and philosophical foundations of objective liability, specifically the responsibility by the "risk". it assumes that the way most of the civilian doctrine analyzes the institution mitigates the potential for strict liability to be understood as an element of organization of functionally differentiated, characterized by excessive complexity and the radical contingency that permeate the communication made between social systems, among humans and between these and those. it concludes that the risk is an unsurpassed feature of complex societies, and analyzing the consequences of that for the formation of the human been who can commit to a political life, it proposes, based mainly on the philosophical studies of Paul Ricoeur and dogmatic constitutional robert alexy, that liability is objectively high level legal and moral duty of the fundamental subjects of law, primarily in the bulge between the relations among individuals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Risco, incerteza e expectativa na dinâmica dos eventos de uma economia capitalista na perspectiva de Keynes e Knight
(Grupo de Estudos em Economia Política e História Econômica, 2019-01) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; RODRIGUES, Phelipe da Silva; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
The main objective of this article is to discuss under the aegis of the concepts of risk, uncertainty and expectation, the dynamics of economic events and how they influence their behavior, based on this conception by John Maynard Keynes and Frank Hyneman Knight. The main conclusion is that the phenomenon of economic crises is historically inseparable from the capitalist economy. Thus, it is undeniable that the concept of risk and uncertainty is observed by the economy and that, even when the economic agents act rationally when faced with ex ante decision-making in an environment of uncertainty, the economy will still be susceptible to the (negative) effects of a crisis, since a state of euphoria, coupled with the irrational conduct of the economic agents, may provoke a situation of economic, financial, political and social instability as a an ex post result.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental e análise de risco aos extremos de precipitação no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-20) FERREIRA, Douglas Batista da Silva; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
In the context of scientific themes related to the global/regional climate change, the extreme climate events deserve special attention because they represent natural threats to society and ecosystems. In Brazil, such events are primarily associated with scarcity or excessive rainfall with direct impact on the various sectors of society, whose consequences tend to be more severe in cities with greater vulnerability. In the present work, we used an interdisciplinary approach about socio-environmental vulnerability (covering the dimensions of susceptibility, coping capacity and adaptive capacity), combined with the exposure factor of climatic extremes (represented by extreme events associated with deficits and excess precipitation), aiming at the end to establish an integrated diagnosis of socio-environmental/climatic risk in the state of Pará. The analysis scale is municipal and the objective methodology based on indicators of different natures was applied in the 143 municipalities along the state. The socio-environmental/climatic risk (RISC) was calculated according to the index of climatic extremes (EXTCLI) and the socio-environmental vulnerability index (VSA), all classified into three categories (low, medium and high). The results in terms of the municipal base were spatialized throughout the state and showed that the highest frequencies of EXTCLI are located in the northeast portion (mesoregions of Baixo Amazonas and Marajó). The political indicators related to the coping and adaptive capacity showed an unsatisfactory performance (low category), showing inefficiency in legislation, actions and measures to protect the most vulnerable population from a short- and long-term point of view. In the risk analysis along the state, nine municipalities with RISC high category were highlighted (the majority located over the island of Marajó), in which a high category in terms of exposure and vulnerability was evidenced. Considering the findings of the present study, the RISC analysis approach allowed an integrated diagnosis on a municipal scale that is appropriate to subsidize the medium/long-term planning of the adaptation and mitigation actions in the face of climate change, particularly in the state of Pará.