Navegando por Assunto "Soja"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 24

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O agronegócio da soja e o direito fundamental de acesso à propriedade dos povos tradicionais em Santarém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) BARBOSA, Jonismar Alves; MOREIRA, Eliane Cristina Pinto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7471628624621314
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Albedo da cultura da soja em área de avanço da fronteira agrícola na Amazônia
(2010-01) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; LOUREIRO, Renata Silva de; BISPO, Carlos José Capela; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Soybean expansion in the Amazon has been increasing considerably in recent years, the consequences of which can be serious environmental impacts. In this paper the soybean albedo (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl) was evaluated, which was planted in natural field conditions in Paragominas city (PA), a region representative of agricultural expansion in Amazon. A direct relationship was observed between soybean albedo and its leaf area index (LAI), showing a daily maximum value between 0.24 and 0.25 associated to a LAI of 7.17, when soybean has accumulated 1297.62 degree-days. It was found that the most critical phase of the crop, based on change in surface albedo, is the fruitification phase, when albedo shows a maximum mean value of 0.23 (± 0.0007). Empirical models were fitted to simulate the daily variation of the albedo as a function of LAI and soil humidity during the cycle, and to simulate the diurnal variation of the albedo as a function of solar elevation, for each soybean phase.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do escoamento da soja brasileira através da simulação a eventos discretos
(Universidade Federal de Itajubá, 2017-10-16) LOPES, Harlenn dos Santos; LEAL, Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677862183830898; LIMA, Renato da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9161092505168234
Brazil, since 2013, is the largest exporter of soybean in the world. In 2016, Brazil exported 51.58 million tons of soybeans. This value corresponds to approximately 40% of the quantity exported worldwide. Even with lower production costs, the competitiveness of Brazilian soybean declines when the product get on the Brazilian logistics network, facing challenges to drain the production. This paper aims to present the construction and application of a simulation project to support strategic decisions of the Brazilian soybean logistics through the simulation of discrete events. The paper's contribution is due to the use of simulation of discrete events applied to a logistic system, with a greater level of comprehension studied and the high number of interrelated variables. For the study, Brazil was divided according to its soybean production, which results in 19 producing areas coming from a minimum level of microregions. These regions are the origins of the system. For each source, 20 routes from North to South of the country were designed, destined to the current soybean export ports, by the main transport axes, either constructed or projected. The decision-making process is based on the costs of the routes and the availability of the ports. The final destinations are the ports of Shanghai and Hamburg. The model was validated, and adequately represents the studied system. A number of 39 scenarios were simulated for the system, divided in 13 scenarios per year, considering projections for 2015, 2017 and 2026. Operational analyzes of logistics configuration and comparative analyzes based on actual costs are performed. At the end of the simulations, scenarios 1, 2, 6 and 7 are the alternatives that best reduce the logistic costs of the studied system and that the railroads that lead to the ports of São Francisco do Sul and Ilo (F2 and F4 respectively) are not attractive in the analyzed context.. Scenarios 2, 6 and 7 direct the decision to invest in the Araguaia-Tocantins Hidrovia (HAT) and in railroads linking the cities of Maringá and Cruz Alta to the Ports of Paranaguá and Rio Grande, F1 and F3, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Boas práticas agrícolas: análise de viabilidade financeira em propriedades sojicultoras e pecuaristas do Nordeste Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-22) CHIACCHIO, Jayne Isabel da Cunha Guimarães; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
According to data from PRODES / INPE (2008), from 1988 to 2008, 369,154 km ² were deforested in the Amazon, an annual average of 17,578 km ². This process has been driven primarily by expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture. Several policies have been created to reduce deforestation. And these are targeted, usually by command and control instruments. A recent innovation, however, has been the search for improvements in environmental quality in medium and large farms through the introduction of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Based on this, this paper aims to examine whether the introduction of BPA in medium and large soy farms and ranches located northeast of Mato Grosso represents a financially viable alternative. The survey was conducted in five municipalities located northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Xingu watershed: Água Boa, Canarana, Querência, Bom Jesus do Araguaia and São Félix do Araguaia. First, we collected detailed data from activities in the region of study. For that, 40 farmers were interviewed (20 soy farmers and 20 ranchers). The second step raised the cost data of adoption of good practices on 14 soy farms and ranches found in the Registry of Social-Environmental Responsibility (RSR) of the Aliança da Terra (AT)/Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM). For the analysis of financial viability of Good Practice, we used three instruments: simple return, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return. The results showed that BPA is capable of implementation, but there is a financial loss for the producer when he chooses to adopt BPA. However, opportunities for gains from adoption of BPA (such as the receipt by REDD, increased productivity, increased selling prices, among others) can reduce these "losses" and equalize the gains to production without BPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características agrometeorológicas da cultura de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) variedade Candeias em Paragominas – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01-31) SANTOS, Ana Patrícia Ramos Araújo dos; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1874829087396349
The local authority of Paragominas belongs to the South-east Mesorregião from Pará (03 ° 00 ' 00 ” S and 47 ° 21 ' 30 " W) where there is the whole area already altered for deforestation and pastures only waiting for being incorporated to the productive agricultural process. The culture of the soy has significant importance for the national economy, being one of the principal agricultural produce of export and generation of emblems, pertaining to the family of the leguminous plants, is adapted in a spacious belt of climates, being able to be cultivated in all the types of ground. The objective of this study is to value the conditions agrometeorológicas during the vegetative cycle of the soy at Paragominas - PA. In this area there was built a meteorological automatic tower of 4 meters of height, being the farm white Ox located to 03°02 ´ 15 " S and 47°17 ´ 56 " W and when a station was installed with measures to each (5) five minutes of the next variables: temperature of the air (Tar), specific moisture of the air (q), temperature of the ground (Tsolo), moisture of the ground (Usolo), speed of the wind (W), direction of the wind (D), solar radiation incident (Sin), solar radiation reflected (Sout), balance of radiation (Rn) and flow of heat in the ground (G) and Haste. Microclimatic variations have quite straight effects in the development of the plant. The collections when the beginning of June of 2006 was carried out between February show that the days 84, 98 and 126 were the days of bigger haste and the days 70 and 154 and 161 there was no rain. In accordance with the development of the planting we notice that in the February the beginning of April on the very specific moisture of the air maintained elevated 21,0 g/Kg. The journey of the temperature the maxim of the air was maintained between 23,5 ºC and 32,5 ºC accompanying the development of the culture. The middle temperature of the ground in three measures (5, 10 and 20 cm), noticed to itself that the temperatures are between 25 ºC to 35 ºC. In the beginning of the planting the speed of the wind was about 3 m/s decreasing, and in the end of the cultivation 2,5 was m/s. In the period of blooming the speed was maintained stable what contributes to the dispersal of pollen and seeds. The wind comes from all the directions, meantime, the wind is predominant of northeast. When the ground is still completely naked, the albedo is lifted up, since the radiation that enters in the system is same that it goes out. When the albedo begins to develop the planting it has a tendency to lessen, since the quantity of solar radiation that reaches the system part is reflected and other one absorbed by the surface. The middle moisture of the ground in three measures (10, 20 and 30 cm), where we notice that the moisture is between 0,2 m⁄m to 0,45 m⁄m. The flow of heat in the ground to 10 cm presented peaks around-135 W/m2 and 55 W/m2 (7 the 18 h) and to 20 cm he presented peaks around-25 W/m2 and 45 W/m2 (7 the 18 h). The positive sign represents transfer of heat of the air for the ground and the flow was of the surface for the most internal layers of the ground. When we analyse the appreciated evapotranspiration we notice what was inferior of what the evapotranspiration when 4,0 mm⁄dia was appreciated and the measured evapotranspiration 8,8 mm⁄dia. When we analyse the linear regression to appreciated evapotranspiration the measured evapotranspiration was lower.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade & a soja: impactos da produção e da circulação de grãos nos circuitos da economia urbana de Santarém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-06) TRINDADE, Gesiane Oliveira da; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
The present work analyzes the urbanization and the production of urban space of Santarém (PA) under the impacts of the expansion of agribusiness boosted grain in the Municipality since the implementation of the Multinational Cargill Grain port S/A in 2003. In the Research the urbanization is comprised based on Milton Santos, who claims the city consists of two economic circuits: the upper and the lower circuit circuit of the urban economy. Such circuits are a result of different access and consumption of social classes especially in underdeveloped countries. Were selected for the analysis, representing the upper circuit, the new products, companies and demands that they enter in Santarém with the diffusion of the grains. For the analysis of the lower circuit were selected trade fairs of the Association of Rural Producers of Santarém (APRUSAN). Such a choice is justified for these being composed mainly of small producers from rural areas, those who have their food production directly hit by the impacts of grain production in Santarém rural areas. In the process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, the State (federal, State and municipal) was one of the main inductors and their actions have taken place through plans, projects and programs that have created necessary conditions for the arrival and the permanence of soybean in Santarém. The partnership made between Cargill and the Santarém's city hall was responsible for interventions and changes in fragments of urban space. Such actions have been developed to mitigate serious social problems generated by the presence of grains, among them: the extinction of rural communities, the urban periphery and the new demands for municipal services. Although the dynamic of the grains has promoted the densification of the upper circuit through the presence of companies linked to the sector, it cannot be translated as endogenous socio-spatial development, once that connect notably with logical and extraregional interests. On the other hand, the culture of the grains at high scale has affected negatively the lower circuit of the urban economy, exemplified by the fairs of the Association of rural producers of Santarém (ARPS), since in its productive process hits the small production through the chemicals products used in the fields of soybeans and on expropriation of rural areas
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Discurso empresarial da sustentabilidade e governança: um estudo sobre a soja na Amazônia e a utilização de narrativas como instrumento de poder e dominação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-23) SANTOS, Brenda Cordovil Corrêa dos; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
Large companies and their global demands put pressure on the local way of life in a process of commodification of nature and life, causing environmental damage and social pressures, which leads to reflections on the role of local actors and institutions in the processes of building social relations and changes in society. Understanding the relationship of the actors in this arrangement involves looking at how governance takes place and how the relationship between the large organizations, the State, and society defines the "rules of the game", which may serve and privilege the interests of some and restrain those of others. This research will analyze the construction of the corporate discourse of sustainability and the governance relations established around soy in the Lower Amazon region, identifying symbolic elements that contribute to the dissemination of narratives and rationalities different from reality and local ways of life. The importance of the study lies in understanding how capitalism and its historical transformations are reflected in the Amazon and its populations. The theoretical bases of the thesis are based on the contextualization of the debate on the emergence of the self-regulating market and the consecration of neoliberalism and on the concepts of governance, development, sustainability, territory and discourse. The geographical scope of the research is the region of Baixo Amazonas in the State of Pará - Brazil, especially the municipalities of Santarém, Belterra and Mojuí dos Campos and will analyze the performance of the company Cargill. This is a study of an applied nature, with explanatory objectives, transversal as to its scope of time, with a qualitative approach. The technical procedures used were a bibliographic and field survey. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework was adopted for the investigation of the governance structure, emphasizing the description of the rules in the institutional analysis. The research also used content analysis, with the support of NVIVO software, and discourse analysis to understand the corporate narratives present in Cargill's annual reports and Instagram and how they relate to what actually occurs in the territory. The thesis showed that the instruments for disseminating corporate actions propagate narratives that contribute to invisibilize and oppress local ways of life, besides not being compatible with the reality that is presented in the territory in question. The actions of the State (in its different spheres) point, in the majority of times, to capitalist interests, where governments have presented themselves as a fomenter of the economic vision of the Amazon, creating public policies that privilege the economic use of the territory, under the aegis of the term development. The annual reports and Instagram preach a notion of sustainability linked to the economic function and productive activities, serving the interests of the company. On the other hand, for the communities sustainability is related to food security, to life, to having food on their table and that of their neighbors. It has to do with ancestry, identity, and the right to choose.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de uma alimentação proteica para Melipona flavolineata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) TEIXEIRA, Joyce Caroline da Silva; MENEZES, Cristiano; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The stingless bee keeping has been improved considerably in the last years and, consequently, the demand for colonies has increased. However, the breeding techniques still need to be improved to reach the necessary production scale. The feeding system is one of the issues that must be studied and improved, because long periods of low availability of food resources constraint the production of new colonies. The present study aimed to test an artificial diet to replace the pollen for Melipona flavolineata. It was investigated the nutritional composition of their natural food (stored pollen) and of the artificial diet (based on soybean extract). The effect of the artificial diet was tested at the survival and size of brood and longevity of adult workers. The artificial diet presented a different nutritional composition compared to the stored pollen. It was richer in carbohydrates and lipids, but poorer in proteins. However, this difference did not affect the survival and size of brood and longevity of adult workers, but not drastically. It is recommended to reduce the amount of sugar and to add new ingredients with higher protein content in future diets. The diet based on soybean extract showed to be a good substitute for pollen, but not perfect. Small changes can be adressed based on the results of the present contribution to reach an artificial diet with better quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fronteira agrícola e conflitos territoriais nas Amazônias Brasileiras: a expansão do agronegócio da soja e seus efeitos no planalto de Santarém, Pará-Amazônia-Brasil
(Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros, 2020) BARROS, Márcio Júnior Benassuly; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; LAURENT, François; COELHO, Andréa dos Santos
The research presented in this article aims to analyze the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the territorial confl icts generated by the arrival of soybeans on the Santarém plateau, in the state of Pará (Amazonia, Brazil). It is a case study, the methodology is based on two approaches: the synthesis of the literature and the fi eld work carried out over the past two decades. The research followed the following stages: state of the bibliographic art, fi eld work, focusing on direct observations, non-directive interviews with community members, local leaders, photographic archives, remote sensing and mapping. The main results show that the introduction of soybean in the municipality of Santarém, from 1996, led to deep territorial transformations, particularly for the communities lead into a territorial confl ict, faced with the expansion of the agricultural frontier.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos do avanço da soja no balanço de radiação no leste da Amazônia
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-06) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; RIBEIRO, Aristides
The deforestation of the Amazon, especially for pasture use, has been explored by several researchers who have pointed out as a consequence, serious environmental problems. The continuous expansion of agriculture on areas of cattle ranching in the Amazon, as well as on native areas, must be seen with caution since few studies have been conducted in order to investigate which probable environmental impacts can be generated due to the presence of soybean monoculture in the region. This study evaluates the local impacts of the replacement of forest by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on radiation balance components in an area that represents the agricultural border advancement in Amazonia. A micrometeorological experiment was installed in an area of soybean cultivation in Paragominas-PA and data from forest ecosystems were collected in Caxiuanã forests located in Melgaço-PA both during 2006 and 2007. During the soybean growing season the mean impact found in net radiation represented a reduction of 17.9% of the value commonly observed in the forest. During the off-season the impact on net radiation was 15.5%. Principal mechanisms that control these impacts were associated with the high soybean albedo and high loss of long wave radiation. Although the greatest impact occurs during the crop growing season, the time of occurrence of this negative effect is restricted to only 1/3 of the year, which leads to a higher impact of the off-season on energy balance in cumulative terms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência dos frutos sobre a fixação de nitrogênio em soja (Glycine max L. Merril) cv. Santa Rosa
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1987-03-25) GOMES, Maria Auxiliadora Feio; SODEK, Ladaslav; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2012001011713124
The main objective of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between reproductive development and nodule activity. For this purpose, we used nodulated soybeans induced to flower at different ages. The plants were grown in vermiculite with a nutrient solution deficient in nitrogen, and maintained in a greenhouse. Flower induction was carried out at the V2, V5 and V8 stages of development. Other treatments included the removal of flowers and the maintenance of plants in the vegetative state by growing them under long-day conditions. Measurements of nitrogen fixation were made with an intact plant system, which allows the use of the same plants throughout the growth cycle. When these measurements required the simultaneous quantification of nodule number and weight, a detached root system was used, where the shoot was sectioned immediately before the measurements. The intact and detached root systems gave similar activities for nitrogenase, showing that one system is just as reliable as the other. One advantage of the intact system is the possibility of using the same plants throughout the growth cycle. Of the experiments set up, two were carried out in the summer, where plants induces in the V2 and V5 stages produced activity curves with similar profiles and these for independent of the stage of reproductive development. This conclusion was confirmed by the data of the other treatments where fruits were removed and plants maintained vegetative under long days, since such treatments did not modify the nitrogenase activity curves. In another experiment, carried out in the autumn, plants induced at V2 and V5 produced peaks of activity at different ages corresponding to the reproductive phase, or specifically to the pod-fillinq stage. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment at least, a clear relationship was obtained between the presence of fruits and the fall in nitrogenase activity. The different behaviour of the plants in this experiment compared with the others may be due to the less favorable conditions of light and temperature. The main conclusion reached was that the competition between the fruits and nodules for photosynthates in soybeans is not the main reason for the fall in nitrogenase activity, although it could be in less favorable conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Limites e condicionantes à expansão da soja em Mato Grosso e no complexo MAPITOBA: uma abordagem utilizando econometria espacial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-12) PESSOA, Ruben Eurico da Cunha; CAMPOS, Índio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9134366210754829
This thesis aims to analyze the determining factors of soybean expansion in Mato Grosso and MAPITOBA complex. It was found that a relationship exists spatial dependence inside producers mesoregion. The spatial dependence is represented by the attempt agglomeration of polygons (soy municipalities producers) around one or more attributes that makes that particular region. This is possible in the case of soybeans, when conditioning factors necessary for production are present, namely: a) Soil and relief; b) Requirements climate like water, light and temperature; c) Infrastructure and logistics for delivery of inputs and pesticides, as well as the run off of production; and d) Financing of production. In the presence of these conditioning factors is possible the expansion of soybean production. Soybean producers states such as Mato Grosso and those belonging to the conglomerate MAPITOBA hold about 48,8 million hectares of savanna coverage in his clenched, which corresponds to 64.55% of the quoted physiognomy of the entire biome. Thus, there remain 26,8 million hectares (35,45%) of this type of coverage that can sustain the growth of the planted area in the coming years. Corroborating the possibility of expansion were estimated coefficients of elasticity of the largest soybean producing that unity through spatial econometric models. The water availability in the Cerrado is dependent on the large amount of water vapor formed in the Amazon Biome. The intensive use of irrigation by means of pivots in crops, expansion of biodiesel production from oil certainly will raise the demand for water resources in any production region and can compromise the water supply to users and their multiple uses in agriculture if there is no efficient resource management in river basins of the Cerrado. In the medium term, agribusiness depends on water availability in the Cerrado and the Amazon ecosystem services for the cultivation of soy and its expansion in the producers regions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metabolismo de ureídeos e asparagina durante a ontogenia do fruto de plantas de soja nodulados e não-nodulados
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1982) GOMES, Maria Auxiliadora Feio; SODEK, Ladaslav; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2012001011713124
The synthesis and accumulation of reserve proteins in seeds require a large supply of reduced nitrogen. Generally, the transport of nitrogen from other parts of the plant involves a few specific compounds, the nature of which depends on the species and growth conditions. The fixation of N 2 by Rhizobium in symbiotic association with soybeans, cultivated in the absence of mineral nitrogen, leads to the incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen in ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid). These compounds form the main nitrogenous components found in the transport stream of nodulated soybeans. On the other hand, soybeans grown in the absence of Rhizobium and with NO3 nitrogen source, contain asparagine as the predominant as transport form of nitrogen. The accumulation of protein in the fruits of such plants will depend, therefore, on their ability to utilize these compounds for the synthesis of amino acids. The objectives of the present study were: first, demonstrate the presence of the enzymes presumed to be involved in the utilization of these compounds (i.e. allantoinase and asparaginase). Second, determine the effect of this drastic change in the transport of nitrogen from mainly ureides (nodulated plants) to asparagine (non-nodulated plants) on the appearance of these enzymes during fruit ontogeny specifically in the pods, cotyledons and teguments Asparaginase was assayed by a radiometric method, involving the separation of the product by chromatograpy. Allantoin was assayed by measuring the formation of the product by a differential method. Activity of both enzymes was found in all tissues of the fruit, except in the pod where no asparaginase activity was detected. Both allantoinase and asparaginase presented low activities in the tegument, producing only a small peak near the and of seed development, both for modulated and non-nodulated plants, In pods and cotyledons higher levels of allantoinase were found, especially during the phase of most active protein accumulation. It is noteworthy that the activity in the cotyledon was well above the rate of nitrogen accumulation. Asparaginase activity was also higher over this period of cotyledon development, although the level of activity was lower, being similar to the rate of nitrogen accumulation. A comparison of the activity patterns nodulated and non-nodulated plants reveals little difference except for a tendency for allantoinase to remain high (pod and cotyledons) over a longer period in nodulated plants. This occurred in spite of a shorter maturation period for fruits of nodulated plants. On the other, asparaginase (cotyledon) maintained high activity over a longer period in the non-nodulated plants. The possible significance of this effect was discussed in terms of the supply of ureides and asparagine to the fruits. As to the levels of ureides and amino acids in the various fruits tissues, the data show that the ureides, despite their association with nodule activity, were present in levels above that expected for non-nodulated plants. Of the fruit only the pods presented a high level of ureides (200 x) in nodulated plants compared to non-nodulated since low but similar levels were found ín the cotyledons and teguments of both plant types. It is notworthy that the level of free amino acids was generally the inverse of that for ureides, since higher levels were found in fruits of non-nodulated plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões climáticos de precipitação e a produção de soja na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
In this research we studied the modulation of precipitation through ocean-atmosphere phenomena of large scale active in the Amazon region adjacent oceans and their intensities were known as represented by climate indices (SOI, PDO, NAO) numerical indicators. From a series of 32 years (1979-2010) of rainfall data in the GPCP grid points, we applied Empirical Orthogonal Function not rotated for monthly and annual scale, where spatial and temporal patterns and rainfall were obtained. The monthly EOF1 (58%) had a southern pattern associated rainfall in most part, to the action of synoptic scale phenomena. The monthly EOF2 (21%) also showed different patterns of precipitation, but orthogonal to the first, reflecting the effects of the cold phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. However, in the monthly EOF3 (5%) the spatial pattern is represented by a zone precipitation pattern, reflecting the effect of ENOS and ODP. For the annual scale, both EOF1 (36%), EOF2 (16%) and EOF3 (10%) show zonal and meridional spatial patterns, which also reflect the effects of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The three climate indices studied showed were present in the modulation of precipitation in the Amazon region. Among the municipalities belonging to the Hall of soybeans, Sinop-MT and MT-Smile were the locations that were more sensitive to climate variability in precipitation, both annual averages, as for the average rainy seasons each year analyzed, mainly by because of surface conditions. Itaituba-PA, Santarém-PA and PA-Paragominas showed positive growth trend of rainfall, with the latter located in eastern Pará, showed high correlation between local precipitation and the number of IOS, with a lag of 1 month and 2 months, by selected case studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pecuária e desmatamento: uma análise das principais causas diretas do desmatamento na Amazônia
(2009-04) RIVERO, Sérgio Luiz de Medeiros; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; SILVA, Saulo Cristiano Ávila da; OLIVEIRA, Wesley Pereira de
Cattle Ranching is the main causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region. This paper analyses the proximate causes of deforestation using linear regressions with panel data. The model evaluates the contribution of the main land uses for deforestation from 2000 to 2006. Deforestation data from INPE-PRODES, number of heads of cattle, and area of temporary and permanent crops from IBGE are the data used in the analysis (782 municipalities). The result of the regressions shows that deforestation is strongly associated with cattle ranching. Soybean plantations are also strongly related with deforestation in the model. This trend is reinforced by the growth in demand for meat in the domestic and international markets. To be effective in reducing deforestation rates, public policies must therefore act on the underlying causes of deforestation, reducing the forces that lead to its expansion on the area where deforestation is occurring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Radiation balance in a soybean ecosystem in the Amazon
(2010-12) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; RIBEIRO, Aristides; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de
The continuous advance of the agricultural border in the Amazon has been worrying the scientific community due to the possible environmental impacts caused by this change in land use. The present work evaluated the behavior of the radiation balance components over the soybean crop (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl) in an Amazon area of continuous advance of the agricultural border. The radiation components were continuously monitored during the soybean cycle in 2006 and 2007 in an area of 200 ha. The soybean cultivation in the Amazon presented an abrupt change in the radiation balance components, with the consequent reduction in the energy available to the environment due to the increase in the surface reflection. There was a significant contribution of the diffuse radiation component in the soybean interception during cloudy conditions, even under incomplete canopy covering. Moreover, after the canopy closure, a similar interaction between soybean and solar radiation occurs, regardless of the cloud condition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O rio que embaçou no horizonte: narrativas e percepções sobre os impactos urbanos da construção e operação do terminal da Cargill em Santarém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) PIMENTA, Karina Cunha; SILVA, Carlos Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489756177996098; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-8678
This study investigates the urban impacts of the installation and operation of the Cargill terminal in Santarém, Pará (Brazil), focusing on the socio-environmental transformations resulting from this intervention and the lived experiences of the city’s residents. The research emerged from an ethnographic approach initiated in 2017, aiming to understand changes in urban landscapes through the narratives of residents who, prior to the terminal’s installation, lived in the former Vera Paz beach area and were displaced to the current Laguinho neighborhood. From this perspective, the study reflects on the effects of the eradication of this leisure and sociability space, expanding the analysis to the economic dynamics of agribusiness, the expansion of soy monoculture, and the impacts of large infrastructure projects. Based on a qualitative methodology, the research employs oral narratives, life histories, interviews, poems, songs, and document analysis to explore how the transformations caused by the Cargill terminal have shaped new forms of sociability and resistance. The dissertation interrogates how processes of economic exploitation reshape urban and environmental dynamics, addressing not only economic consequences but also impacts on the "sensible" (affective, sensory, and symbolic dimensions) and the subjectivities of residents. The study also highlights the reconfiguration of the "sensible," symbolized by the disappearance of the former Vera Paz beach, and how this represents an infringement on the right to the city. It reveals an acceleration of socio-environmental violence, rendered invisible by mainstream media, and proposes an interdisciplinary lens for analyzing urban issues in the Amazon, integrating emotional and cultural dimensions often neglected in such debates. Ultimately, this work aims to pave the way for deeper investigations into Amazonian landscapes and the new forms of struggle and belonging emerging from these socio-environmental conflicts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Round Table on Responsible Soy na Amazônia: uma análise dos relatórios de auditoria
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-05) PIMENTEL, Cleyton Alves Candeira; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
In recent decades, soybean monoculture in the Amazon has generated significant economic and socio-environmental impacts. To mitigate conflicts and promote equity, private transnational governance initiatives focusing on sustainability have established standards for the soy production chain. In its mission to promote "responsible" soy production, the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) certifies about 40% of its agricultural enterprises in Brazil, exerting considerable influence in the Legal Amazon. This research, utilizing machine learning methodology through the Transformers framework, seeks to identify discursive patterns in RTRS audit reports. Furthermore, by conducting a time series analysis, Covariance Analysis, Constant Market-Share Analysis, and the Jevons-Borlaug Index, the economic effects of this certification on the value chain in the Legal Amazon were verified. The tested hypothesis was that RTRS certification, contrary to expectations, segments agricultural enterprises in the discursive field, secures large market demand shares for a small number of organizations, and boosts their financial profitability through increased capital reputation. With this hypothesis confirmed, it was concluded that RTRS presents structural problems in its governance, paradoxically acting in opposition to its initial purpose. Thus, it becomes evident that private transnational governance of soy has economic impacts that favor specific business groups in the region and acts to incite an increasing demand for land as a production factor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sazonalidade no balanço de energia em áreas de cultivo de soja na Amazônia
(2012) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; FARIAS, José Renato Bouças; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de
It was investigated the energy balance in a soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) grown in areas of advance of agricultural border in the Amazon. The Bowen ratio technique was used to obtain energy balance components. During the most part of the crop growing season, most of the energy was consumed as latent heat, especially during the flowering and fruiting stages. Such characteristic was related to the high leaf stomatal conductance of soybean as well as to the water availability in the region. At the harvest there was an inversion in the energy partitioning, with more energy being used for heating the air (79% of the net radiation). During the off-season there was 75% reduction in the LE and significant increase in the H (180%) compared to the values found during soybean growing season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulation of soybean growth and yield under northeastern Amazon climatic conditions
(2011-06) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; FARIAS, José Renato Bouças; ABREU, José Paulo Mourão de Melo e; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; BOTELHO, Marcel do Nascimento; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de
The objective of this work was to parameterize, calibrate, and validate a new version of the soybean growth and yield model developed by Sinclair, under natural field conditions in northeastern Amazon. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, PA, Brazil, from 2006 to 2009. The climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with a slight reduction in rainfall in 2007, due to the El Niño phenomenon. There was a reduction in the leaf area index (LAI) and in biomass production during this year, which was reproduced by the model. The simulation of the LAI had root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.55 to 0.82 m2 m-2, from 2006 to 2009. The simulation of soybean yield for independent data showed a RMSE of 198 kg ha‑1, i.e., an overestimation of 3%. The model was calibrated and validated for Amazonian climatic conditions, and can contribute positively to the improvement of the simulations of the impacts of land use change in the Amazon region. The modified version of the Sinclair model is able to adequately simulate leaf area formation, total biomass, and soybean yield, under northeastern Amazon climatic conditions.