Navegando por Assunto "Sustainability"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 40

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptações de agroecossistemas familiares às mudanças no contexto socioeconômico e ambiental no Município de Curralinho, Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CARVALHO, João Paulo Leão de; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
Using the Framework for Evaluation Systems Natural Resources Management Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS), a tool used to evaluate the sustainability in family agroecosystems based on the assumptions of systemic approach, this article aims to understand how family agroecosystems adapts to socioeconomic and environmental changes in the Municipality of Curralinho, Marajó, Pará. The locality presents changes in the relations of land tenure; increase in the valuation of non-timber forest products, specially the acai; larger amounts of financial resources for agricultural activities; and technological training courses with a perspective of the insertion of the agroextractivist into the formal market. With theoretical contribution, The MESMIS has been adapted to the local context. Thereby, were constructed ten indicators for sustainability evaluation of 19 family agroecosystems intentionally chosen considering access to policies of land tenure, such as agricultural credit; social compensation; participation in technological capabilities, as well as the author's knowledge about the reality of Boa Esperança community, locus of this research. In agreement with other studies in the Amazon the MESMIS presented different levels of sustainability in family agroecosystems. After a characterization of the family agroecosystems, it was possible to identify two distinct family logics linked to the production of acai: (i) a agroextractivist logic that maintains as a strong element the extraction, more dependent of natural resources and therefore presenting greater co-production, (ii) another agroextractivist logic with greater market integration, with more intensification of technical-productive elements. The different logics may be the reflection of the adaptation of the family agroecosystems to the current socioeconomic context and environment of the region. The logics of the extractive family production go through profound changes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agenda ambiental na administração pública A3P: estudo da adesão e ação em uma universidade pública
(Universidade da Amazônia, 2015-12) VIEGAS, Socorro de Fátima Souza da Silva; CABRAL, Eugênia Rosa; GOMES, Sérgio Castro; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The paper analyzes the actions of an Institution of Higher Education Federal - IFES in relation to the directives of the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration - A3P, which expresses inclusion of environmental issues in management. In response to pressure, the IFES are adhering to the A3P through adoption of sustainable practices. This is a qualitative study, based on desk research and a questionnaire with the managers of the organization. The results show that the adequacy of the IFES A3P is partial, especially regarding the disposal of waste, the use of natural resources and sustainable procurement. Greater coherence between the policies of A3P and the organization’s actions searched was identifi ed in the actions that show quality of life of the servers in the workplace. Despite the low level of congruence between the actions of IFES and the directives of the A3P, the study shows the importance of A3P as a conditioning factor to building a sustainable organization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de viabilidade técnica da conservação de água no cilo produtivo de indústria de refrigerante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-07) CUNHA, Bruno José Costa da; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This work aims to formalize an engineering protocol containing technical procedures necessary to optimize the consumption of water in the beverage industry, through the evaluation of the potential of water conservation, determination of environmental and economic performance indicators, as well as the proposition of scenarios of water use. In order to explore the opportunities for water conservation, a water balance was carried out with the help of flow measurement methods. Water use analyzes were performed to determine areas and processes where there is significant potential for water savings. Based on the evaluations, investigations, recycling and reuse practices it was observed that the productive sector of the soft drink factory, especially the packaging stage, has the potential to reduce water consumption. The proposed scenarios can provide the company with a reduction in specific water demand from 2.53 to 1.92m³/m³refrigerants, reducing the company's groundwater abstraction by 24.1%. Thus, considering the average production of refrigerants, the daily water savings can be up to 81.4m³, while the company's specific effluent generation can be reduced by 36.7 m³ / d, equivalent to 24, 1% reduction. In addition, the operating costs of the ETE and ETA can be reduced by R$ 39,272.83 per year, representing a savings of 24.5%. Thus, this study proved that water reuse can be successfully implemented in the soft drink industry as a sustainable approach to industrial water management, since the engineering protocol established in this work proved adequate for the collection of information necessary for the control and optimization of water use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A aplicabilidade da logística reversa no processo de desfazimento de bens públicos de informática: um estudo de caso no IFAM/CMDI
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-18) MEDEIROS, Yanna Santos; QUARESMA, Sil Franciley dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6860112313500088
The unrestrained consumption of goods, coupled with population growth, caused a significant increase in the generation of solid waste in Brazil. The search for its correct disposal and sustainability has become an important aspect adopted not only by the private sector, but also by the public. Thus, this study sought to propose the application of Reverse Logistics in the final destination of computer equipment, after the process of disposing of assets at IFAM / CMDI. This research is of a qualitative nature and was used to recognize opinions about this theme, as it gives the respondent freedom to respond and give their own opinion. After analyzing the processes, it was noticed that, when the electronic materials are exchanged, the old ones are placed in a room, with the objective of analyzing which ones can be recovered by the computer team, and then a percentage of 20% a 25% is sent to Campi inland, and the rest is sent to a container and remains there until the entire process of disposing of goods is carried out. Thus, even with the evolution in the use of reverse logistics and consequently in the adaptation of Law No. 12,305 (PNRS), it is concluded that such growth is still not enough in view of the constant evolution of consumption and generation of waste by the Brazilian population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de alternativas para projetos de descaracterização de uma barragem de rejeito de mineração utilizando análise comparativa multicritério
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-10) OLIVEIRA, Pedro Lucas Louzada de; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
The decharacterization of tailings has become an extremely relevant and urgent topic in the contemporary global scenario. Given the recent disasters and environmental tragedies resulting from the collapse of mining dams in Brazil in 2015 and 2019, the need to implement efficient and safe processes for the deactivation and recovery of these structures has become imperative. The complexity inherent to this type of enterprise demands a careful and comprehensive approach in evaluating the available options. The simple selection of an alternative based on a single criterion, such as financial cost or deadline, for example, can result in adverse consequences and negative impacts from both a technical, economic, environmental and social point of view. Given the above, this dissertation aims to explore the importance of analyzing alternatives considering multiple criteria in the process of choosing the best solution for the mining dam decharacterization project. Through a literature review and presentation of a case study of the decharacterization of a Manganese dam using the assessment of technical, environmental, economic and socioeconomic requirements as a decisive element in choosing the solution to be detailed. The methodology consists of analyzing the proposed alternative scenarios, including the definition and weighting of the multiple variables to be evaluated. The result obtained demonstrates that the adoption of multiple criteria, which encompass not only economic aspects, but also environmental, social, technical and safety aspects, was fundamental to guarantee a well-informed and sustainable decision. It was evidenced that the analysis of multiple criteria was also able to favor the decision-making process in mining dam decharacterization solutions, facilitating traceability and understanding between the stakeholders involved in projects of this nature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização do tecido fibroso de tururi e avaliação de propriedades mecânicas de compósitos de matriz poliéster reforçados com tecido fibroso de tururi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-30) SANTOS, Avener Gleidson Andrade; CÂNDIDO, Verônica Scarpini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8274665115727809; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-0403
In recent decades, the search for materials with high mechanical performance and that are in accordance with sustainability requirements has become increasing. In the context of sustainability, the United Nations (UN) established in 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in order to guide the paths to sustainable development. The use of waste to produce new materials is beneficial, because the use of these materials represents a solution for environmentally friendly disposal, thus covering the requirements established by the SDGs. The use of natural fibers in the production of new materials has increased significantly in the last decade. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is already well established. This is due to the fact that some fibers have high mechanical performance and good thermal stability, two highly attractive properties in composite materials. Composites reinforced with natural fibers have a vast field of application, and can be used in civil construction, aerospace, and automotive industries, among others. In this scenario, the use of tururi fabric as a reinforcement agent in composites of polymeric matrix emerges as a viable alternative for sustainable disposal of this waste coming from the harvesting stage of its fruits. Thus, this study aims to characterize the tururi fibrous tissue by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as to determine physical properties such as density, moisture content and weight. The composites were produced using a 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% by mass percentage of reinforcement. Additionally, tensile, flexural and charpy impact tests were performed. The characterizations revealed that the tururi fibrous tissue is composed of fibers of various diameters and has regions of bifurcation, indicating that the tissue can act in different ways when incorporated as reinforcement. The density, moisture content and weight had average values of 1.17 g/cm3, 16.58% and 146.61 g/m2, respectively. The thermal analysis revealed good thermal stability for the tururi fabric. The mechanical tests pointed out that as the incorporation of reinforcement occurred, the composites tested in traction had a loss of resistance, presenting a loss of 15MPa in relation to the matrix. When requested in flexion the composites reinforced with up to 2.5% showed better mechanical performance, with values of 63.9 MPa. The impact test revealed that the energy absorption capacity increased by 371% compared to the matrix, which indicates that the fabric acted as a good reinforcement agent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização mecânica e análise fractográfica de compósitos poliméricos com fibras naturais do epicarpo do coco babaçu (Orbignya Speciosa)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-14) SANTOS, Hudson Carlos Melo dos; GOMES, Laércio Gouvêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5907468972539239; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-0748
The pressure exerted on natural resources, arising from the exponential growth of world demand, leads human activity to an unprecedented scenario. Researchers have been demonstrating numerous efforts for sustainable solutions, in this scenario there is a continuous growth in the development of composite materials with vegetable fibers. In this work, pure orthophthalic polyester matrix materials and composite materials with plant fibers from the babassu coconut epicarp were produced. The composites were manufactured manually using silicone molds. The fibers characterized according to their morphology, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were randomly inserted with mass fractions set at 3% and 5%, length varying between 10 mm and 20 mm. The composites produced were analyzed for their mechanical properties, through tensile and flexural tests according to ASTM D 638 and ASTM D 790 standards, and fractographic analysis of the fracture surface through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological analysis of the surface of the fibers showed its roughness and characteristics present in vegetable fibers. For composites with 3% of fibers, a tensile strength of 20.03 MPa was obtained, while for composites with 5% of fibers, the result was 14.16 MPa. of 32.34 MPa for the composites with 3% of fibers and 37.01 MPa for the composites with 5% of fibers, in both properties (tensile strength and flexural strength) there was a reduction of the same when compared to the matrix material pure. With regard to the modulus of elasticity, the composites had an increase in this mechanical property when compared to the pure matrix, confirming that the increase in the stiffness of the material is due to the increase in the fiber fraction, with the best results obtained in composites with 5 % of fibers, 0.486 GPa in tensile tests and 27.10 GPa in bending tests. The fractographic analyzes of the fracture surfaces showed satisfactory results regarding the identification of failure mechanisms and characteristics present in the composites, such as the presence of air bubbles, voids and the phenomenon of fibers pulled out of the matrix (pull out), indicating low adhesion at the interface matrix/fiber.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização socioeconômica da pesca artesanal na Resex Marinha de Araí-Peroba (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-30) CAVALCANTE, Alessandro dos Santos; JIMENEZ, Érica Kitazono Antunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8793273902733669; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-4515; BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9331256487699477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-553X
The research conducted in the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve in Pará aimed to socioeconomically characterize fishing families, assess their financial resilience, and investigate perceptions of fishery management. Data was collected between March and July 2022 in 11 communities, totaling 293 interviews. Data collection was carried out through the Fish Forever Program, implemented by Rare Brazil, using an electronic form that covered topics such as demographics, livelihoods, fishing, resilience, and social capital. The results indicate that artisanal fishing is the primary source of income, accounting for 74.7% of the total family income, but 42.7% of respondents reported a significant decrease in catch over the past two years. The research revealed that the exclusive dependence on fishing exposes communities to socioeconomic risks, especially in the face of environmental and economic variations. The diversification of income sources is identified as an essential strategy to increase economic resilience. Additionally, the research highlighted the division of labor by gender, with men predominating in catching and women in fish processing. Valuing women's roles and promoting gender equality are fundamental to improving the living conditions of communities. The study also highlighted the importance of social capital, showing that mutual trust and cooperation are crucial for sustainable management practices. It is concluded that an integrated and multidimensional approach that values local knowledge, promotes financial inclusion, and strengthens social capital is essential for the sustainable management of fishery resources in the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compósitos híbridos reforçados com tecidos de curauá, carnaúba e aramida com aplicações em blindagem balística
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-31) OLIVEIRA FILHO, Edwillson Gonçalves de; CANDIDO, Verônica Scarpini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8274665115727809
The development of effective ballistic armor systems is essential to ensure human and vehicle protection. These shields are usually made up of different materials, such as fiber-reinforced polymeric composites, which are used when a good weight/ballistic protection ratio is desired. In addition, the search for ecologically correct materials, which associate good mechanical performance with sustainability, has been very frequent nowadays. The present work was directed to the study of the mechanical and ballistic properties presented by composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers, intended for armoring applications. An investigation was carried out regarding the characteristics of curaua (Ananas erectifolium) and carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) fibers, examining the average diameter, morphological and chemical analyses. The mechanical characterization of the composites was carried out using curaua and carnauba fibers in continuous and aligned distributions through manual production of polyester-fiber composites with 10, 20 and 30%v/v, through tensile, flexural and Charpy impact. From these results, laminated polyester composites were produced for the first time, using hybrid systems with layers of Aramid-Curaua, Aramid-Carnauba and Curaua-Carnauba fabrics, adopting the molding process by cold pressing. All proposed hybrid composites have 30%v/v of fibers and were produced in non-alternating configuration, being submitted to ballistic impact tests considering the level of protection and residual velocity. The ballistic results showed that the Curaua-Carnauba systems were perforated, unlike the Aramid-Curaua and Aramid-Carnauba systems, which were not pierced, which obtained a level I of ballistic protection. In addition, through the residual velocity results, it confirmed the need for fabrics, not blankets, to be used for ballistic applications of these composites. The results are a strong indication of the possible potential of similar hybrid composite solutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compostagem da casca da mandioca: estudo de caso em uma comunidade no município de Abaetetuba-PA
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda, 2020-09) GARCIA, Waldilene do Carmo; FENZL, Norbert
The production of fertilizer through composting is an effective way to reduce the expense that the small producer has to grow agricultural products, however, the quality of this compost is an essential advantage for the production to have good quality, the environmental issue is also an issue. Strong reason to reuse organic waste and thus help in the ecosystem balance of nature. From that, one of the reasons for developing this research is the need that family farmers have to buy fertilizer monthly, which ends up compromising the economic profitability of some producers, however, the main objective of this work was to produce fertilizer and raise awareness. To properly dispose of organic waste. The research was based on the community of Camurituba-Beira in the municipality of Abaetetuba-Pá, where eight farmers participated, through official theory and practice in the production of fertilizer, with the socioeconomic survey as an instrument of data collection. The results obtained were 90 kg of fertilizer being tested in some crops to check the quality, in addition, the survey showed that the production of fertilizer by farmers can reduce the expenses with the purchase of this compost. Therefore, the research had socio-environmental relevance, since it worked to raise awareness of the correct disposal of waste, as well as pointing out a possible solution for reducing the purchase of fertilizer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Danos socioambientais da dendeicultura na microrregião de Tomé-Açu, PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) MONTEIRO NETO, Albertino; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
Oil palm cultivation is a spatial process fostered by actions between the State and the business sector, enabling the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the Amazon. As a research focus, we argue that oil palm cultivation emerges as a central activity in monoculture expansion in the Amazon, bringing a series of socio-environmental damages, especially in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion (MRTA). The research consists of a multifaceted analysis, from the historical context and set of laws that facilitated the expansion of oil palm plantations, to the application of advanced geoprocessing techniques and remote sensing to detect and understand changes in land cover and land use. Thus, the general objective is to understand the expansion of oil palm cultivation as a source of socio-environmental damages in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, PA. The chapters of this dissertation were written in the format of scientific articles, corresponding to chapters 2, 3, and 4. The study area is the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, in northeastern Pará, and we used the Arauaí settlement and the Jambuaçu quilombola territory as clipped portions from the study area. The methodology consisted of literature review, supervised classification of satellite images, and field visits to communities impacted by oil palm cultivation. We perceive the persistence of the discourse promising economic and social integration of rural areas adapted to oil palm cultivation. There is no room for discussion of alternative proposals for rural economic integration, nor is the peasant way of life considered in the conception of integration projects. Geoprocessing techniques proved to be efficient in identifying oil palm plantations and detecting deforestation associated with the expansion of oil palm monocultures. Between 1988 and 2023, 32,322 hectares of forests (primary and secondary) were converted into oil palm plantations in the MRTA. Family farmers associated with the production chain are irreversibly linked to oil palm cultivation. Residents of Jambuaçu suffer from pressure on the territory caused by industrial oil palm cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Danos socioambientais da dendeicultura na microrregião de Tomé-Açu, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) MONTEIRO NETO, Albertino; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9240
Oil palm cultivation is a spatial process fostered by actions between the State and the business sector, enabling the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the Amazon. As a research focus, we argue that oil palm cultivation emerges as a central activity in monoculture expansion in the Amazon, bringing a series of socio-environmental damages, especially in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion (MRTA). The research consists of a multifaceted analysis, from the historical context and set of laws that facilitated the expansion of oil palm plantations, to the application of advanced geoprocessing techniques and remote sensing to detect and understand changes in land cover and land use. Thus, the general objective is to understand the expansion of oil palm cultivation as a source of socio-environmental damages in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, PA. The chapters of this dissertation were written in the format of scientific articles, corresponding to chapters 2, 3, and 4. The study area is the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, in northeastern Pará, and we used the Arauaí settlement and the Jambuaçu quilombola territory as clipped portions from the study area. The methodology consisted of literature review, supervised classification of satellite images, and field visits to communities impacted by oil palm cultivation. We perceive the persistence of the discourse promising economic and social integration of rural areas adapted to oil palm cultivation. There is no room for discussion of alternative proposals for rural economic integration, nor is the peasant way of life considered in the conception of integration projects. Geoprocessing techniques proved to be efficient in identifying oil palm plantations and detecting deforestation associated with the expansion of oil palm monocultures. Between 1988 and 2023, 32,322 hectares of forests (primary and secondary) were converted into oil palm plantations in the MRTA. Family farmers associated with the production chain are irreversibly linked to oil palm cultivation. Residents of Jambuaçu suffer from pressure on the territory caused by industrial oil palm cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico socioambiental e estratégias comunitárias de conservação e ecoturismo no Baixo Tocantins, Mocajuba-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-16) MELO, Fernando Bosco de Sousa; COSTA, Gabriel Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0980355943575182; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-489X; CUNHA, Janice Muriel Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4027012189701116
This study aimed to support socio-environmental management and conservation of socio biodiversity in the lower tocantins, municipality of mocajuba-pa. The socio-environmental diagnosis was carried out using a SWOT matrix recording the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with land use and tourism activities with aquatic mammals in the region. Some of the weaknesses and threats recorded include: i) the susceptibility of accidents involving dolphins and boats; ii) deforestation of riparian vegetation in the tocantins river; and; iii) the absence of a basic sanitation policy in the municipality of mocajuba-pa. We present recommendations for land use planning, reforestation with native trees between the city's neighborhoods, as well as planning of non-invasive dolphin-watching tourism activities. We recommend the creation of a conservation unit as a public policy for the conservation of local socio-biodiversity and its ecosystem services. We propose an evaluation of the application of community-based tourism for the benefit of the local population, articulated with the conservation of aquatic fauna and socio-environmental sustainability. This study contributes to strategies for achieving goals for SDG 14 and SDG 6 (UN, AGENDA-2030).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversificação produtiva em agroecossistemas familiares nos municípios de Santa Maria das Barreiras e Conceição do Araguaia, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) NOGUEIRA, Ana Caroline Neris; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-1271
This study aimed to evaluate the process of diversification of agroecosystems located in the southern portion of Pará, departed from the sample that participated in the projects that the CPT performed in order to guarantee the food sovereignty of the settler families by offering diversified products and conservation environmental awareness courses with the use of fire as a management and the effect of specialization in cattle raising and training courses on the implementation of productive activities. These initiatives have started a phase where the context for the establishment of diversification was unfavorable, that due to lack of public policies, low investment capacity of farmers and cattle farming on the forest. At this stage, there have been farmers who chose to diversify, some have managed to maintain diversification, but others did not carry on activities. Subsequently, the second phase of the historical region that began late in the 1990s, enabled a larger opening investment of the federal government, through public policies that started to incorporate the family farm, PRONAF (founded in 1996) was a good example. Even in this more favorable context was not possible for many families opt for diversification and not that they were able to maintain their productive activities.To understand the factors that led to withdrawal or that favored the installation of diverse projects is necessary to go beyond the aspects extra lot to understand the peculiarities of each situation, as well as projects of the family are crucial to understanding this process. The assessment of sustainability wide agroecosystems was ensured by the use of the tool MESMIS, the indicators raised in the environmental, social and economical solution showed a high diversity of realities, the best performance among the agroecosystems of the two phases, is in the 1st phase of history the region and the worst performances in the 2nd phase of dynamic change in production, it strengthens the internal aspects of agroecosystems, their limitations and strengths are crucial to the success or failure of diversification. The size was a more fragile environment, some families do not have the native area, or the entry by fire or livestock feed. In the social dimension, the labor was the most significant indicator, as in the technical-economic indicators most significant were the efficiency of management (limitation, income, productive diversity) and the current diversity of agroecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do monocultivo aos sistemas agroflorestais: análise da resiliência socioecológica de agricultores familiares em Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-25) SOUSA, Lais Victoria Ferreira de; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
The dynamics of family farming has always had many peculiarities, starting with the history of occupation of the territory and the different ways of maintaining the areas. With the advance of agribusiness, to perpetuate as a family farmer and continue this way of life has become a challenge. In the case of the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará, the arrival of oil palm and the increase in prices of commodity crops put at risk the dynamics of agroforestry systems and subsistence of these family farmers. Considering these two factors, this research aims to analyze the dynamics of family farming and its different forms of adaptation regarding sustainability, socio-ecological and market resilience. To achieve these objectives, field research was conducted with interviews in 178 farms (up to 200 hectares) that carry out management and work of family origin. When analyzing sustainability of the agroforestry systems of these families, it was found that small family farmers have several difficulties, mainly involving the Political-Institutional dimension, a factor that was repeated for the resilience analysis. For sustainability, the research revealed that the sustainability of agroforestry systems carried out by family farmers in Tomé-Açu presented itself as deficient. When discussing resilience, the objective was to analyze the resilience against the perpetuation of oil palm in the territory, it was found that access to governance and public policies such as financing and technical assistance are fundamental for this group to be more resilient. In this chapter it was also possible to reflect on the resilience of this group involves factors beyond the indicators addressed in the research, reflecting on the resilience for staying the course even with all the obstacles that surround the Brazilian rural dynamics. About business and market models, the thesis proves that the theory of business models does not reflect the reality of the models in which farmers are inserted; the practices recommended as ideas to have a social, environmental, and economic impact fit the dynamics of large corporations but are not recognized at the level of small family farmers. Finally, this research concludes that family farming still maintains its livelihoods in a sustainable way, but without public institutional support this group becomes less resilient and more susceptible to external disturbances. A process of recognition of this livelihood and the ways of commercialization is an important step for the activities that are carried out by these farmers to continue generating environmental, social, and economic impact.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da aplicação do efluente da indústria de óleo de palma sobre o efluxo de CO2 e CH4 em plantio de palma de óleo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-10) SOUSA, Maryelle Kleyce Machado; CUNHA, Roberto Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9210053521895301
The continuous increase of the global demand for palm oil has resulted in expansions in the planting areas of this oilseed. Aiming at the sustainability of the palm oil industry, and taking into account the large amount of residual biomass generated, the recycling of these by-products has been one of the proposed practices. In general, the application of part of this waste as organic fertilizer in agricultural systems has been common, for example, the liquid effluent - POME. The impact of this organic increment on soil organic matter (MOS) and, consequently, on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s) is little known. Thus, this study reports the results of CO2 and CH4 emissions in commercial planting of the interspecific hybrid (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) from the gross application of the PMS over a six-month period. The addition of this organic compound increased considerably the CO2 emission rates, when compared to the control plots, but it did not have considerable effects on the methane emission. These soil respiration peaks may have been influenced by the increased organic matter content and, consequently, by microbial activity, which has been stimulated. Near the base of the plant the CO2 emission was higher and, as the sampling points moved away from the base of the plant, these emissions were reduced until it became insignificant. However, the relationship between CO2 and CH4 flows and soil temperature and humidity was weak and even non-existent, which may be associated with the low variability of these variables in oil palm planting. Thus, long-term studies are needed to assess the impacts of this application on soil C dynamics and, concomitantly, other factors that can regulate these flows, such as root biomass, microbial activities, the nutritional and physicalstatus of the soil to ensure whether this practice favors the maintenance and quality of the MOS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino com abordagem ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente em uma escola de origem agrotécnica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-28) SANTOS, Deusivaldo Aguiar; BRITO, Licurgo Peixoto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100592138044970; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-8971
This research aims to analyze pedagogical practices in the context of Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE) approach in a school of agrotechnical origin that was constituted in the model of a school-farm, under technicists principles eminently, localized in the city of Codó, State of Maranhão. Admitting the hypothesis that there are indications of the STSE approach in this school, this investigation is ruled by the question: What are the factors which potentiate the teaching focused in Science, Technology, Society and Environment in a agrotechnical school? The research has qualitative nature and adopts quantitative informations to give support, if necessary. The methodology utilized in the investigation was based in the analisyis of Laurence Bardin’s contents, using keywords in search of indicative elements of the STSE approach as the first level of analysis and depth reading of the text when there were indicative aspects of the STSE context, but that do not have characteristic terms of STSE field. On these terms, the analysis of the investigations are based on three axes: (a) STSE in the orientations and in the everyday of IFMA Codó, (b) the bibliography STSE by authors in the documents that were reserched; (c) The context of STSE in didactics textbooks of Physics adopted. The results achieved confirms the research thesis that there are elements of the Science, Technology, Society and Enviroment in the pedagogical practices and in the everyday of the researched institution, and the aspects that potentiates the STSE teaching are found in the Teaching Plans, Practical interdisciplinary classes, events and researching projects. Finally, I understand that this research can give base to the curriculum of the disciplines with initiatives in the STSE context, proper to the new educational orientations and thereby cause deep changes in the pedagogical actions in a technicist school.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da viabilidade econômica da implantação de coberturas termoacústicas com painéis fotovoltáicos em edificações: estudo de caso em uma instituição de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-20) BRAZ, Sérgio Cabeça; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
With the evolution of humanity and the appearance of new technologies in civil construction combined with the need for environmental comfort, reduction of environmental impacts and consumption of electricity, it becomes indispensable to use new materials and sources of renewable energy in buildings for reduction costs and environmental impacts. In this scenario, the coverage of the buildings of a higher education institution in the state of Pará was studied aiming at the environmental comfort and reduction of costs in the consumption of electric energy. Exploratory research was carried out, considering the area of the building, type of coverage, the consumption of electric energy and calculations through the projected cash flow with a time horizon of 25 years compatible with the useful life of the system. We thus obtained discounted cash flow, payback and net present value. The results showed that the use of the hermoacoustic tile in the roofs with the implantation of the photovoltaic solar energy system as an alternative for cost reduction is feasible for the studied buildings with a saving of around 13%, time of return 12/13 years (50% of the system's useful life) and NPV of, on average, 44% of the initial investment. For the covered walkways of the Institution that in its totality is approximately 5km, the implantation of the photovoltaic system was not viable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das propriedades de argamassa geopolimérica produzida com resíduos de caulim e escória de alto-forno da Região Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) SANTANA, Rayanne Oliveira Leão; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-2287
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in the construction sector has driven research into the use of industrial waste as alternatives to conventional materials. This study investigated the utilization of kaolin industry residues in the production of geopolymers, focusing on the substitution of soft metakaolin with flint metakaolin and conventional sand with sandy kaolin residue in geopolymer mortars. The research was conducted in three stages: first, a physicochemical characterization of the raw materials was performed, including tests to determine mineralogical, chemical, granulometric compositions, and specific mass. In the second stage, the substitution of soft metakaolin with flint metakaolin at different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) was evaluated, and the compressive strength of geopolymer pastes was analyzed. Although a linear relationship between the increase in flint metakaolin substitution and compressive strength was not observed, the highest strength (52 MPa) was achieved with the full substitution of soft metakaolin by flint metakaolin. In the third stage, geopolymer mortars were produced by combining geopolymer paste with aggregates, testing substitution percentages of conventional sand with sandy kaolin residue (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Physical tests revealed that substituting 50% of the conventional aggregate with sandy residue resulted in a more compact matrix with lower water absorption, higher specific mass, and reduced porosity. The results showed that replacing 50% of conventional sand with sandy residue led to the highest compressive strength (46 MPa), suggesting that this proportion enhanced matrix densification and improved interaction between the residue and the paste. Morphological analysis using SEM confirmed that the formulation with 50% sand substitution presented a densely compacted matrix with good cohesion between the paste and aggregates and an adequate distribution of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels. These findings highlight that partial replacement of sand with sandy kaolin residue improves the densification and strength of geopolymeric mortars while demonstrating the potential of flint metakaolin and sandy residue as sustainable alternatives in construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais de materiais cimentícios geopoliméricos produzidos a partir de metacaulim e escória de alto forno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) ALMEIDA, Bianca Mendes; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-2287
The environmental impacts caused by the production of Portland Cement point to the urgency of reducing the use of this binder mainly due to the CO2 emission and energy consumption that occur during its production process. In the search for alternative materials, geopolymeric cement has shown promise, both in terms of mechanical performance and conservation of natural resources. These cements are obtained from natural raw materials containing aluminosilicates activated by an alkaline solution. In this work, geopolymeric cement paste, mortar and concrete were developed using metakaolin, blast furnace slag and alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The main objectives included evaluating the influence of blast furnace slag on the mechanical properties of geopolymer pastes, varying its addition in mass (30% to 60%), evaluating the influence of sand in geopolymer mortar varying its addition in the paste with better performance of 20% to 70%, and finally, the addition of gravel 0 in two mixtures. The results showed that the paste reached a maximum compressive strength of 36.5 MPa with 35% slag in the matrix. This value rose to 41.15 MPa in the mortar with the incorporation of 40% sand. For concrete, the best result was found for the mixture that contained less crushed stone. The results of the concrete were compared with the CPV-ARI Portland cement concrete by setting some dosing parameters such as binder consumption and water/binder ratio. Other properties investigated included setting time, slump, flexural tensile strength and microstructural analysis by SEM. Geopolymeric concrete was superior to Portland by up to 21.16%, reaching compressive strength of 41.8 MPa, flexural traction of 4.87 MPa and better matrix/aggregate adhesion in the mixture with less addition of gravel 0. The results obtained for geopolymers enable their application in civil works that demand materials that reach high strenght in the initial ages, precast and paving industries.