Navegando por Assunto "Urbanization"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Canaã dos Carajás: um laboratório sobre as circunstâncias da urbanização, na periferia global e no alvorecer do século XXI
(Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional, 2018-04) CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; CÂNDIDO, Lucas Souto; MELO, Ana Carolina Campos de
This article addresses the processes of urbanization and urban sprawl in Canaã dos Carajás, a small relatively recent Amazonian municipality. The analysis is dialectically structured according to Lefebvre’s interpretation of the levels of social reality. The global level captures how capitalintensive activities (mining, ranching, and monoculture) have impacted the connection between the place of production and the global market. The mixed level explains how local social groups, inspired by global processes, have mediated urbanization. The local level demonstrates how blind spots in understanding the ongoing processes have impaired the strengthening of diversity, and led to the exclusion of social groups that most depend on the land and nature. We conclude that it is necessary to articulate contemporary formulations and studies on Brazilian urbanization so as to demonstrate the selective manner in which modernization takes place and is constituted in new forms of colonization, whenever economic opportunities formulate socioenvironmental issues in a conservative manner.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidade, desenho e natureza: uma reflexão sobre os espaços livres de Marabá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-13) PONTES, Louise Barbalho; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The present work seeks to investigate the relationship between urbanization and the physical support through the features of Maraba's open spaces system (city located at Para's southeast, in the amazon context, presents itself in economic border situation, is object of urban experimentation and disconnected urban fabric filled with open spaces). To accomplish that, it’s needed to unravel the dichotomist view of city and nature through three analysis scale (global, national and local) unveiling conceptual placement socially created in rich countries that would suit as a background for the urban space production all over the world. The timelines developed from this conceptual deconstruction show that while in rich countries the ecological reconstruction and the quality of urban life is already pursed, in the economic border city, the economic rationality megalomania overlaps everyone and everything, leaving as a result great environmental end social tensions. However, the study invites to the reflection towards to new potentials for urban solutions in these spaces, precisely because of the non-occurrence of the complete territorial en social conversion, on the premise that the processes of urbanization of these cities happen in a single space-time, that has as privilege, the possibility of learn from the secular outline of world urban experiences and also from the traditional local knowledge that knew how to combine along time city and nature. From the science point of view the attention regarding the contemporary city form and the lenses capable of reveling the city materiality and its potential: the urban design and the landscape approach, as the starting point to elaborate a guide for empirical analysis formed by city apprehension instruments (scale, layers, borders and processes), tools for elaborate it (cartography, field investigation, people counting and interviews) and spatial quality parameters (diversity, attractiveness, comfort, access, security and identity). This way, Maraba's open spaces system is presented in a intermedium scale perspective (territorial, urban and district scale) and in objective and subjective layers (biophysical, urban and world's point of view) that reveals, besides its complexity, three degradation and fading processes (of the yard, of the public spaces and of preservation areas) and a great potential to reverse the loss – for there is a potential of an open space system structure - that unites possibilities to gather urban, environmental and cultural demands, and if thought as a coherent design could contribute to reestablish connections between urban cores that form the city with the biome and contribute to the fortification of local identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espécies arbóreas presentes na zona urbana de Altamira - Pará: índices espaciais e diversidade florística
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-28) FEIO, Elnatan Ferreira; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3655-4166; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
In recent decades, the interest in studying the urbanization process in cities has become an extremely important subject, since this phenomenon is not planned. Disregarding regional differences, it becomes very distant to design more sustainable cities. One of the ways to achieve this sustainability is by promoting actions that encourage the insertion of afforestation achieving positive effects, such as the alleviation of the heat resulting from asphalting and the implementation of urban spaces. Thus, the promotion of afforestation in cities is one of the ways to minimize the adverse effects of climate in cities and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants. This work was carried out at the headquarters of the municipality of Altamira, located in the southwest region of Pará state. It was performed in three stages: (i) mapping of tree planting from manual vectorization to generate a cloud of points that enabled the analysis through the application of Kernel Density Statistics of the spatial distribution of tree species using calculation of environmental parameters for estimative, such as Vegetation Coverage Index (CVI) and Percentage of Vegetation Coverage (PCV); (ii) acquisition of remote sensing images with low cloudiness during the dry season, referring to the years 2011 and 2021 from the Satellites Landsat 5 Sensor TM and Landsat 8 Sensor Tirs, respectively, with images acquired on National Institute for Space Research (INPE) website; and (iii) survey of tree census in three neighborhoods of the city based on the largest coverage indices calculated in the first stage of the research to determine the Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou Equability Indices. It was observed that the distribution of afforestation in Altamira is very variable and deficient, where most of the city's neighborhoods have a tree density deficit. The central neighborhoods are the most consolidated and have the highest densities of individuals. The PCV was 0.49% and the ICVH was 1.72 m² of canopy/inhabitant. Values under recommended by the United Nations Organization - UN and the Brazilian Society of Urban Arborization - SBAU. For the year 2011, the terrestrial thermal conditions in the city of Altamira varied between a minimum of 23.97°C and a maximum of 34.80°C, maintaining a constant around 32°C in the urbanized area, out of line with the maximum temperature 34°C was registered in a few points of the city, with an average temperature of 32.09°C at Centro neighborhood. In 2021, the temperature in Altamira reached a minimum of 23.35°C and a maximum of 33.89°C. The result of calculating the indices for the Premem, Jardim Uirapuru and Esplanada do Xingu neighborhoods showed the following values, respectively: a) Shannon-Weaver diversity (H'): 1.73, 1.81, 2.28; b) Pielou equability (J'): 0.65, 0.57, 0.72, and c) Simpson (C): 0.69, 0.71, 0.85, respectively. Qualitative analysis indicated that the higher the value of C, the lower the diversity of species, therefore, the highest distributed diversity is found in the Premem neighborhood. For the quantitative analysis, 793 tree individuals were cataloged, divided into 61 species, belonging to 40 botanical families which was found that 68% are exotic species and 32% are native. It is observed that the arrangement of the spatial distribution of urban trees did not follow the growth of the urban fabric, allowing the emergence of areas with low tree density which ended up in the urgency of a policy elaboration that contemplates green areas in our city, in order to humanizing roads and public areas and contributing to the regulation of the microclimate in Altamira, with positive effects on the well-being of the population and those who transit through here. Thus, this study has the necessary attributes to support urban planning in actions aimed at promoting comfort and the future attenuation of thermal sensation events, valuing the planting of native species to the detriment of exotic ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gente, natureza e colonização: fabricação e comércio de madeiras na capitania do Grão-Pará (1755-1808)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-15) BATISTA, Regina Célia Corrêa; SOUZA JUNIOR, José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0493030136179246
The potential of the vast forest cover in the states of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, a region that covers most of the territory of the current Brazilian Amazon, generated early interest for the European colonizer. From the mid-18th century onwards, documentation from the period records intense wood production activity in the captaincy of Grão-Pará, produced in factories located near the rivers Moju, Acará, Igarapé-Miri, Abaetetuba, Barcarena, Vila do Conde, Maguari and Caraparú. In dialogue with historiography and based on handwritten and printed sources, this study seeks to analyze the intense manufacturing of wood in the captaincy and its intrinsic participation in the colonization process throughout the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries. We argue that logging activity favored the colonization process in the captaincy of Grão-Pará, with its use being evident in supplying the Royal Arsenals of the Navy and Army in the Court, as well as being present in different aspects of the residents' lives, such as in the construction of houses, furniture and vessels, the main means of movement of people and goods in that period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intervenção urbanística e violência urbana em Belém: a experiência do Projeto Orla no Bairro do Jurunas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) DAMASCENO, Kamilo Leonardo Pantoja; COUTO, Aiala Colares de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6262969004290520; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-7508; CRUZ, Sandra Helena Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6427847823348453; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-5759
This work was carried out in order to understand the issue of violence in the context of the urban intervention program in the neighborhood of Jurunas. Since 2006, the city of Belém has been holding the Orla Project, a constituent element of a broader macro-drilling intervention in the Estrada Nova water catchment area, called the Portal da Amazônia, reaching residents of five neighborhoods. From the thematic presented, our objectives were: To understand how the violence manifests itself in the area circumscribed to the Orla project; Identify the characteristics of this violence; To verify the perception of the residents regarding the effects of the project and the phenomenon of violence in the affected area; Identify how they deal with this phenomenon; and Verify how the Public Security agents act in the areas. In order to achieve our objectives, we use the method of historical-dialectical materialism as a perspective to carry out a critical analysis of the processes resulting from urban intervention and the intensification of violence in the area affected by the project, which can be made possible by the dialectical method; to apprehend the particularities capable of elucidating the phenomenon in its essence and totality. Thus, the qualitative research and its instruments were chosen as a methodological path in order to operationalize the method. The selection of bibliography and its study is cited; the documentary analysis of the Orla Project; the semi structured interview with 42 families living in the villages: Vila Passarinho, Vila Valério, Vila Santos, Vila Gigi and Vila Maria Izabel, affected by the Orla project. The research reveals that for the residents, urban violence is materialized by the actions of crimes, such as robberies, drug trafficking and the common robberies that take place in Orla. It has also been shown that in the last years the residents face the new phenomenon of violence produced by "militia" organizations. It is evident that the problems generated by urban infrastructure actions are perceived as natural and unrelated to the issue of violence experienced in everyday life. In the case in analysis, it is verified that the residents do not articulate the issue of violence, its increase and diversification to the absence of public policies in the neighborhood of Jurunas. Therefore, the issue of urban violence in the neighborhood of Jurunas leads us to predict that in the case of the Orla Project urban violence and the experience of the same by residents of the areas circumscribed to the project has been naturalized, given the dominance of daily life by criminal organizations . In addition, the state is seen as absent in this region from the failure to implement public policies, which also means a form of violence which we call "invisible violence," and this omission leaves those who in fact need state action every time more vulnerable and prone to crime.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Novas centralidades na malha urbana da região metropolitana de belém: estudo aplicado ao espaço da rodovia Augusto Montenegro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-01) GUIMARÃES, Gisele Joicy da Silva; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548
In this dissertation are identified centers and sub-centers from the perspective of Space Syntax and empirical analysis uses and values of urban land. The Centre, as explanatory category of urban form is characterized by identifying a single core composed of more integrated way in the urban system, while the sub-centers are connected to this core through arrangements morphological relatively less integrated than the Center. Using such an approach, we carried out the investigation of the centrality applied to recent economic and spatial transformations of the Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), focusing on the area of Rod. Augusto Montenegro, called "Nova Belém". Considering the important role of real estate developers in the process of urban recovery, we sought to understand the economic growth experienced by this settlement and at the same time, view their gradual consolidation as a new real estate space, possibly a new metropolitan center. This research also appropriates the theory of urban sprawl to analyze the creation of centers, subcenters and centralities are products of daily movements along the main roads of the urban area, raising the question of accessibility decisive factor in the differentiation of Use and land value in RMB. The centrality is taken, as well as a specific condition that the settlements might acquire as a result of the combination of two factors: i) the attraction and concentration of land uses and ii) road accessibility and fluidity of the road network, taking up in view of its influence on the choices of land use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A percepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno do Rio Ariri, Ananindeua/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01) FREITAS, Odilena de Jesus Moraes; ALMEIDA, Ana Aparecida da Silva; PEREIRA, Ricardo Augusto Gomes
The community near the river in the district Ananindeua- Ariri /Pa. characterized by population growth which resulted in gradual process of deterioration of the river population. This study aimed to analyze the environmental awareness of people living around the river Ariri in Ananindeua, State of Pará, in order to point out the inter-relations man-environmental, the prospects, satisfactions, dissatisfaction and conduct evaluations of the subjects studied. To achieve this goal, the research unfolded exploratory-descriptive with a questionnaire with semi-open questions to 353 individuals. The results show that the uncontrolled growth caused environmental degradation of the river, and the waste produced by the local population constitutes the greatest threat to it’s preservation. This perception suggests an interrelationship between the basic conditions of health and environmental problems, which contributes to a lower quality of life the population surveyed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Remoção e reassentamento em baixadas de Belém: Estudos de caso de planos de reassentamento (1980-2010)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-30) LEÃO, Monique Bentes Machado Sardo; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548
The main strategy for the urbanization of Baixadas (waterlogged áreas) in Belém has been the implementation of macro drainage projects, in which there is a large number of forced evictions. It is set the hypothesis that in Belém, the planning of resettlement s and their implementation after the beginning of building works is problematic due to inadequate conceptions that associate the works and lack of precision on housing solutions for the evicted population because of the criteria used. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to confront criteria put forward by international development agencies with the experiences in Belem. It takes into consideration that the orientations of the agencies have influenced the urban policies in the country, including the criteria for resettlement. The results show inconsistencies and lack of precision in the Resettlement Plans from 1980 until 2010 set up for three basins, Una, Tucunduba and Estrada Nova. The historical period corresponds to political changes in the country, and is characterized by the increase in the number of funding coming from international agencies, the study of the projects are able to demonstrate that, although there is a rejection in the discourses of the agencies, they do not take into consideration social aspects, such as the guarantee of adequate living conditions for evicted with urban and social insertion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tem gente! Uma análise de projetos habitacionais do PAC em assentamentos informais no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-25) PEREIRA, Glaydson de Jesus Cordovil; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
This research approaches contributions and limitations of the Growth Acceleration Program - PAC, in its modality Urbanization of Precarious Settlements, for social housing production by other government levels, from the observation of interventions part of the first generation of Program’s contracts, underway in the state of Pará, focused on the areas of informal settlements, taking as areas of study investments in settlements located in the state capital, Belem, and the city of Maraba, Para southeastern medium size city. It is understood that interventions for housing and infrastructure provision in informal settlements compromised to the permanence of original inhabitants after their conclusion, represent a paradigm change, and must be considered as an advance of official action in all levels of government, at present translated through allocation of financial resources in housing and infrastructure, among other actions. In this sense, considering PAC as a milestone in this journey of implementing urban policies in Brazil, the study examines more particularly the interventions contracted in the 1st generation of the program, based on the results achieved so far by the projects contracted by the State Government of Pará in 2007. The literature review discusses the process of "creative destruction" of the capitalist mode of production, analyzing how this process is reflected in the production of urban space, through the selection of variables relevant to such production. In the sequence, the research contextualizes the actions on provision of housing in Brazil and its consequences in Pará in recent decades; a conceptual approach to PAC is presented, showing how the Program is operated through normative parameters and who are the actors in charge. A brief discussion of the process of production of urban space of cities in Pará taken as cases study areas is also presented. The empirical research was conducted through documentary research, on-site surveys, and interviews with representatives and technicians of all levels of government, and with the residents of the case study areas. The results show that, despite the progress made, the policies aimed at the Brazilian urban housing production and urbanization of informal settlements, the way they are designed, still need to improve their lines of action in order to face the liability resulting from the absence and/ or insufficiency of urban planning and management of states and municipalities during the process of urbanization in Brazil, as well as achieve socio spatial consolidation of settlements after cited interventions.