Navegando por Assunto "Uso de ferramentas"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de diferentes histórias de treino sobre a ocorrência de "insight" em macacos-prego (Cebus spp.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-17) NEVES FILHO, Hernando Borges; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The origin of novel behavior is a multilayered phenomenon that comprehends several distinct processes. One of these processes is known as insightful problem solving. The "insight" could be explained as a result of a spontaneous interconnection of multiple previously learned behavioral repertoires. The objective of this study was to investigate if different performances of insightful problem solving could be produced by different training histories of behavioral prerequisites in Cebus spp. Six subjects were divided in two groups of three subjects each. The prerequisite repertoires taught were: 1) to join two different objects (joining), and; 2) to rake a box with food inside using a tool (raking). The subjects of the first group had an asymmetric training of the two prerequisite repertoires. In this group the joining ability had a short training with a low learning criterion, and an extensive training of the raking ability, with a high learning criterion. The subjects of this group had to obtain more than the double of the number of training sessions for raking, in comparison with the joining repertoire. The other group passed by a symmetric training of the two repertoires, with high learning criterions for both. The subjects of this group passed by the same number of training sessions of joining and raking. In the test situation, a two joinable pieces tool never before handled by the subjects were presented, with a box with food out of range that could only be reached with the joined tool. Most of the subjects successfully solved the final task, with consistent results depending on the type of training. Only one subject of the asymmetric group didn’t solve the task. The topographies of solving were highly dependable on the quantity of training of one repertoire in comparison to another.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Generalidade da aprendizagem em situações de uso de ferramentas por um macaco-prego, Cebus Apella
(2010-12) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria
Studies with respect to tool use by Cebidae diverge on the question whether this ability is of an associative type, or if an understanding of the function of tools is involved. Studies showed that abilities of tool use learned in one context may transfer to other contexts, indicating that more than "stimulus-response learning" is involved. In this study, a capuchin monkey was exposed to two problem-solving situations, one where two sticks needed to be fit to reach a piece of food and another where the animal needed to fit a different model of sticks to hit an equipment. The results showed that solving the first problem facilitated the solution of the second, indicating that responses which were successful in solving previous problems are more probable to occur in new situations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Insight” em macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) através do treino das habilidades pré-requisito em diferentes contextos de treino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-28) COSTA, Juliane Rufino da; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Insight is the sudden and spontaneous problem solving. Research on the Insight phenomenon has characterized its occurrence as spontaneous interconnection of repertoires that were previously learned. Recently, studies have demonstrated that monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are able to solve a problem by interconnecting two tasks: (1) assembling two parts of a tool and (2) attaining ("fishing") a box containing food. However, those resolutions did not occur so suddenly, but with pauses between the responses. The objective of the present research is to continue the study on problem solving with monkeys, by testing the hypotheses that modifying the locations in which training and testing are given, the location could become a discriminative stimulus for the response of “fishing”, and the resolution happen without pauses. With one subject (Louis) the abilities (1) and (2) were trained in different locations. The Insight test was given in the same place as the training to attain a box. Louis solved the problem by interconnecting the two tasks, but still with pauses between the responses. One variable that may have interfered with Louis’ response was the fact that the two parts of the testing tool were delivered at the same time. With another subject (Gonzaga) all the training occurred in the same location. The insight test was given in another location. The two parts of the testing tool were delivered separately. The “fishing” part was delivered first, then, after two minutes, the two of them was delivered together. The results showed the same pattern of resolution described previously. The two variables tested: variation of the training and testing locations and the way the tools were delivered did not seem to affect the resolutions. However, it is discussed the need of the suddenness on the problem resolution, since it does not always occur. It is suggested a review on the term Insight, and more researches to expand the knowledge on the subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tranferência de aprendizagem no uso de ferramentas por macacos-prego (Cebus cf. apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-10) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Researchers have been inquiring whether capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) tool use proficiency is a result of arbitrary discoveries resulting of exploratory behaviors that are frequent in these primates or is a result of the understanding of the tool function. Considering that these animals may modify, transport and fabricate tools, it is possible to propose that some level of understanding is involved, although related to the life history and built through a series of interactions with situations which are relevant to acquisition of a generalized repertoire of tool use. Aiming to investigate this proposal, a series of experiments with two groups of capuchin monkeys (Cebus cf. apella) was made, with the manipulation of the experimental history of these animals. All subjects were exposed repeatedly to a problem in which they should assembly six plastic blocks to build a tower, use it to reach a stick, with that stick reaching a second stick further distant, assembly the two sticks into a longer one and with that flip containers, dropping and obtaining food pellets. While two subjects were repeatedly exposed to that problem without any additional training, other two subjects were exposed, between exposures to the problem itself, to a rich experimental history of indirectly related tasks. The subjects of the first group were not able to solve the problem, but the subjects of the second group did it, although without direct training. It was concluded that a previous relevant history is essential to the so-called understanding of the solution of the problem and that this understanding or insight is an adaptive behavioral process, in which the learned skills are transferred to new contexts by basic behavioral processes as stimulus generalization, functional generalization and learning-set.