Navegando por Assunto "Uso do solo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contribuição da pecuária bovina nas mudanças de uso da terra: uma abordagem multiescala no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) THALÊS, Marcelo Cordeiro; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
Brazilian Amazon has gone through a number of different economic cycles linked to the exploitation of natural resources, integrated with global markets, which have intensified since the 1960s, most recently through the ongoing expansion of agribusiness. During this process of territorial construction, land use changes have occurred heterogeneously in both space and time, with mechanisms operating at a number of different scales. The present study analyzes the shifts in land use and the contribution of cattle ranching to the process of territorial construction based on monitoring methods and indicators applied at varying scales, from the local to the regional, as a contribution to territorial management. In the Brazilian state of Pará, the study was based on the diachronic cartography of the pioneer fronts, which was used to represent and delimit the regional contrasts among these fronts. The relationship between these pioneer fronts and the dynamics of the deforestation process was also analyzed, by period, between 2002 and 2017, which allowed the territories to be classified as (i) consolidated, in which ranching is being intensified, (ii) expanding, in which the fronts are used as a strategy of occupation, and (iii) areas free of deforestation. In the municipality of Paragominas, located in a territory undergoing consolidation, the landscape dynamics were analyzed by superimposing the maps of land use with those of the agricultural aptitude of the land and the distance to the principal highways, with the aim of developing a model for the restoration of the landscape. The local landscape dynamics can be divided into two principal systems of land use, one that is based on the expansion of the pasture in valleys with sandy soils, and the other, based on mechanized farming, which is currently expanding on the clayey plateaus. The analysis of these two systems provided three important insights for the eventual restoration of the landscape. The first point is that the intensification of land use increases the pressure on the forests, principally in the areas most adequate for farming. The second is that the intensification of land use frees up areas that are inadequate for mechanization, and could potentially be used for the restoration of the forest. The third point is that local governance should be employed to define spatially explicit policies capable of transforming the landscape. In the areas sampled, in southeastern Pará, observations were conducted at specific points for visual description of the characteristics of the pasture, which were used to construct a typology of the process of pasture degradation. When this pasture typology is related to the vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI-2, NDII-5, NDII-7) extracted from Landsat 7 (ETM+) images, it can be noted that the well-formed pasture, which is associated with a reduction in the cover and height of the vegetation, was also related to a reduction in the vegetation indices. In degraded and degrading pasture, there was a lack of precision in the differentiation of the well-formed pasture. The degraded pastures or those undergoing biological degradation were identified better, but still imprecisely in comparison with the well-formed pasture with low vegetation cover, whereas the pasture undergoing agricultural degradation was confused with the well-formed pasture with a medium to high percentage of vegetation cover. This approach has considerable potential for the monitoring of areas of pasture, but needs to be refined. The analyses at different scales reflect the importance of understanding shifts in land use during the process of territorial construction, with the primary objective of transforming this knowledge into an easily-understood diagnostic tool that should facilitate adequate decision-making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos das diferentes formas de ocupação da superfície sobre as condições meteorológicas na região de Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-26) SILVA, Benedito Evandro Barros da; GANDU, Adilson Wagner; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8491359374260645
This dissertation aimed to get information concerning the use and occupation of soil in the region of Santarém, in different years in the last decades, to show the effects caused by changes of surface properties on the atmospheric conditions simulated by weather and climate numerical models. The land surfaces are characterized by causing substantial effects on the atmosphere and thus influencing the quality of weather and climate forecasts. On the other hand, deforestation contributes to climate change by eliminating large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These activities also cause effects on public health, agriculture, forest resources, wildlife resources, and water resources. In addition, replacement of natural surface by pasture or agriculture modifies the thermal and radioactive properties of the surface, generating changes in local, regional and global atmospheric conditions. In this paper representative periods of possible climate change in the region were analyzed, identified by treatment and statistical analysis of climatologic data from surface weather stations, as well as time and quantitative evolution of deforestation in the study region with data from Project PRODES (Monitoring of Brazilian Amazon Rainforest by Satellite). The evaluation of the atmospheric effects on changes in land use and occupation was based on IBGE vegetation map, and the inclusion of class "deforestation" analyzed in different periods (1997 and 2009) worked on the software Arc. Gis. 9.2. Data files of surface types compatible with the reading of the BRAMS model were created. The BRAMS model was used to simulate the different effects of land use thematic maps in the local atmosphere. The results indicate a trend of increase in average rainfall and frequency of days with precipitation, decrease in average temperature of maximum and increase in average temperature of minimum over years in the region of Santarém. The study area by the year 1997 registered 19.44% deforestation and by the year 2009 it rose to 25.54%. The simulations with the generated files of land use and occupation in 1997 and 2009 showed little variation for different thematic maps in the variables (temperature, humidity and flows of sensible and latent heat) when considering the average values of the total area simulated. However, when small areas located only on the regions suffering the largest changes are taken into account, there are major influences as deforestation increases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise socioeconômica dos sistemas de uso de terra por pequenos produtores agrários na Amazônia oriental
(2004-12) HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter
This article examines the dynamics of agricultural systems used by small farmers in the northeast of the State of Pará (Brazil). Its goal is to relate specific forms of shifting cultivation and extractive industry in Amazonia with endogenous processes of economic decision making. It has resonated on the system dynamics, and public policies, which as of the 70’s have focused on agricultural modernization and creation of permanent crops, thus contributing to the achievement of agro-ecologic and agro-economic barriers. Based on the new dynamics, small family enterprises in Amazonia have to cope with public and private actions, which undermine their stability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Áreas prioritárias para inclusão de componente arbóreo: as áreas de proteção permanente em sistemas pecuários de São Domingos do Araguaia-PA (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2022) FERNANDES, Igor Luiz Cunha; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; LOPES, Claudio Henrique Sampaio
Regarding the historical process of land use and cover in Brazil, there is the degradation of native vegetation in the called permanent protection areas (APPs), on the banks of rivers. In Southeastern Pará, with the expansion of livestock activity over time, these areas were impacted, generating biodiversity loss and pressure on water bodies. This paper the land use and cover dynamics was analyzed in two areas in the municipality of São Domingos do Araguaia -PA to simulate the priority areas for arboreal component inclusion, aiming for the restoration of APPs in a farm and a rural settlement, if strategies of arboreal component inclusion are adopted. In both case studies, there are degraded pastures in extensive areas, driven by the expansion and intensification of traditional livestock in the region from 2004 to 2014.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste paraense: os sistemas agroflorestais como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) OLIVEIRA, Dimitri Maurício Queiroz de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of two agroforestry (SAF) in the municipality of Tomé First proceeded to the literature of the legal requirements for the use of specially protected areas, then sought to frame the agroforestry systems over an optical environmental and socio- economic, as an instrument of use and recovery of these areas by evaluating the economic returns from two models of SAF observed in Tomé-Açú. For the progress and completion of this study utilize is a documentary research, bibliographical and field research through interviews with local actors production chain in the city of Tome - Açú. The methodology des survey data used for this study was the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. The tabulation of this date, as well as the results of analyzes was performed with concepts economic-mathematical engineering economic evaluation of investment projects through cash flow, NPV, IRR and Rb/c of arrangements. The conclusion discusses the concept of viability-studied arrangements for the current economic scenario of cultures composing the models studied as an alternative source of investment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cartografia da dinâmica urbana de uso e ocupação do solo no município de Breu Branco-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) SILVA, Wagner Luiz Gonçalves da; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
Breu Branco is a municipality in the state of Pará located in the Tucuruí microregion. The municipality became independent in 1991. However, its spatial organization occurred much earlier to meet the demand for housing of the compulsorily displaced due to the increase in the Tocantins river floodplain. The municipality experienced rapid population growth. The initial spatial configuration of the city occurred in the southern portion, between the PA-263 highway and the Tocantins river. Subsequently, with urban saturation, the growth of the county seat reached the other side of the PA-263 highway which is currently the northern side of the county. This expansion process has generated urban occupations that are currently neighborhoods such as Santa Catarina, Conquista and Liberdade. Recently, new urban centers have been emerging. Breu Branco's urban growth is horizontal and spreads along two axes of expansion. The municipal master plan is the document that should contain strategies of environmental zoning and zones of social interest that subsidize the public power in regulating urban growth and environmental protection. The population factor, associated with land price, urban topography and the lack of environmental policies are factors that accelerated the growth of the city. In this work, we use cartographic and remote sensing techniques for the construction of maps between (1996-2006) and (2006-2016), seeking to understand the urban transformations of Breu Branco.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Castanheiros, agricultores e índios: conflitos pelos usos da terra em castanhais do médio Tocantins (1948-1980)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) CARNEIRO, Aldair José Dias; FARIAS, William Gaia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2553754490715388
This paper pays attention for the symbolisms that the grows of chestnut trees from the Medium Tocantins acquired during more than a half century of occupation since, at least, 1892, mainly on the limits from the towns of Marabá and Itupiranga/Pará. For someones, the groves of chestnut trees lands were only sources of income, important way to profit. Those were the motives because the land and the forest products were succesfully appropriated, mainly by ranchers, sellers of chest nuts and municipal representatives. Fore others they constituted inerent spaces for life and which natural environment revelated an essence of a cultural production as the case of the familiar farmers tradicionally installed on little villages and isolated localities. Those adequated traditions on the occupied spaces and developed small agricultures taking as a base forest products as a complement for their subsistences. Embased by written resources and analyzing the memory about the grows of chestnut trees from the medium Tocantins detached the period between 1948 and 1980, with the purpose to visualize the causes and consequences from this antagonism of ideas and points of view relating them with the ways of dealing with the soil and the resources got available by them.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento silvicultural e dinâmica de serapilheira em plantios de duas espécies florestais na Amazônia oriental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SOUSA, Vanesa Gomes de; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
The deforestation in the Brazilian Amazonia has already altered about 750 million hectares and of this total, 20% are found with some level of degradation. The reincorporation to the productive process of the areas altered with the reforestation of tropical species of commercial value, it is an alternative to minimize the environmental impacts, with ecological benefits, increase of the wood offer and decrease of the pressure on the remaining natural forests. However, one of the great difficulties for the reforestation is the lack of scientific knowledge on the growth of native and exotic species. This work had as objective evaluates the efficiency of different systems of plantings with native and exotic forest species for recovery of altered land. The work was accomplished in Dom Eliseu city, state of the Pará, in three systems of land use: pure planting (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum and Khaya ivorensis), mix of two forests species (S. parahyba var. amazonicum and K. ivorensis) and agroforestry system (S. amazonicum and Musa sp). To The forty months of age, in planting pure, S. parahyba var. amazonicum showed larger growth in height and dbh in the spacing 4 m x 3 m and K. ivorensis in the spacing 4 m x 4 m. However, the S. parahyba var. amazonicum presented better performance in the system mixed planting and agroforest system. The best performance of K. ivorensis was in the mixed system of species. Among the planting systems studied (mix of species and agroforest system), the litterfall was more in the mix of species with 3.737,5 kg ha-1, and the largest contribution of biomass was of the S. parahyba var. amazonicum. The largest biomass reduction was observed in the agroforest systems. Was evidence correlation negative between litterfall and rainfall to S. parahyba var. amazonicum and positive for K. ivorensis. The obtained results showed that the forest model of consortium of species was shown promising and it can be an alternative for recovery of altered areas, in way to offer different wood options and at the same time, to join positive factors in relation to biomass production and physicchemistry aspects of the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidade de insetos bentônicos em igarapés do nordeste paraense - Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) MONTELES, Josinete Sampaio; GERHARD, Pedro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621269098705408
This study aimed to know the community of benthic insects in 17 streams in northeastern Pará, Eastern Amazonia under different land uses and investigate the variations in the abundance, richness and diversity of aquatic insect community to vegetation cover the immediate surrounding area (riparian zone) and landscape (slopes of the watershed where it enters the stream sampled). The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between July and October 2010, the period of lowest rainfall. At each point were made to 10 Surber samples for quantitative analysis and three hand-net only qualitative character. To evaluate differences between the richness, EPT abundance and diversity, we used an ANOVA and cluster analysis to summarize the biotic data. For differences in the scales of study were then used an ANOSIM and routine SIMPER. Environmental characteristics were also evaluated searching to correlate them to the taxonomic composition and distribution of taxa by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 46,371 individuals were collected, in which 11,384 with Surber, distributed in 61 taxa with a predominance of aquatic insects. The highest abundances were observed Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Abundance, richness and EPT were greater in sections of streams to riparian vegetation and watershed predominantly of igapó anthropic forest (references). The environmental variables of greatest influence on the community were percentage of forest environment in the riparian zone, average water temperature, turbidity, percentage of coarse and fine litter, pH, flow channel and coefficient of variation of channel width. The results showed differences in community composition in relation to different land uses. Through the ecological descriptors, it was detected that the watershed with the highest percentage of anthropic forest area and successional and higher percentage of riparian vegetation surrounding (30m) showed better environmental conditions than those dominated pastures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As comunidades tradicionais, sua importância na conservação do manguezal do município de São João da Ponta - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-31) FARIAS FILHO, Daniel Vilhena; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
In the Amazon Peoples using the mangrove ecosystem to withdraw products for their livelihood are known as extractive, and if the same comply may be called Traditional Peoples. These people have a low impact lifestyle in relation to the environment and to preserve this way of life contribute to the maintenance and balance of this ecosystem. The mangrove soil is carbon storage location and the misuse of this soil makes whether this carbon is released into the atmosphere thus contributing to the greenhouse effect. Thus the Traditional Populations contribute an environmental service in global warming mitigation process. This study attempts to make the physicochemical characterization mangrove soil of São João da Ponta, in Deolândia Communities Brasilândia, Coconut and Headquarters, relating these characteristics with the way of life and the use of mangroves by the Traditional Peoples living in if environment and Sustainable Development Index of São João da Ponta (IDSM). The methodology used for the physicochemical characterization of the area was the use of pH meter for determining pH and Eh, the refractometer to determine the salinity and Walker Black method for the determination of carbon. The survey also used questionnaire in Deolândia and Brasilândia communities, in order to determine matters concerning the social part, there was also the calculation of the Municipality of Sustainable Development Index MARTINS using the formula; CANDID 2009. It was found that the areas within the RESEX in communities Deolândia, Brasilândia and coconut tree where the forest is preserved, the physical and chemical characteristics in the soil are preserved, unlike the area where there was deforestation. The calculation of the municipality of Sustainable Development Index (IDSM) was 0.548 which according to the methodology adopted prove acceptable. The application questionnaire within each community showed concern about the presence of untreated sewage, siltation of rivers arms and a practice of burning household waste at the end of the day. The conclusion shows that despite some environmentally inappropriate practices such as burning waste and removal of nearby riparian vegetation to rivers, Traditional Peoples have a low impact way of life in relation to the use of mangroves and that the existence of Resex the municipalitycontributes for soil conservation and mangrove forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da paisagem e o processo de fragmentação florestal na bacia do Caeté
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-23) SANTOS, Milena de Nazaré Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Caeté River Basin is located in a very strategic region of the north-eastern region of Pará and has high levels of anthropization. In this scenario, the landscape has been transformed concomitantly to the processes of consolidation and expansion of the different types of land use and land cover. Thus, this work presents the landscape dynamics and forest fragmentation process for the Caeté Basin in the years 2004, 2010 and 2014 and its implications in the modulation of the contemporary space scenario. For this, the research is based on the following discussions: I - Comparison of land use and land use transition dynamics in the basin, using multitemporal analysis, based on TerraClass cartographic bases and Landsat / TM 5 satellite images, orbits 222 and 223, point 061, bands 3, 4 and 5, for the year 2004. II- Characterization and quantification of the fragments and configuration of the local landscape structure, based on landscape metrics and the use of the software Fragstats version 4.2. III- Identification of anthropic pressures and fragmentation reflexes on the Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit. In 2004 the pasture, forest and occupation mosaic classes elucidated a percentage of 80.39% of the total area of the basin. In 2014 the areas contained in these same classes totaled 87.26%. The indicative presented demarcates the intense consolidated spatial dynamics on the basin. The indices calculated in this section confirmed the predominance of pasture in the Caeté basin, using the Class Area (CA) and Percentage of Fragments (PLAND) metrics. On the other hand, the Total Edge (ET) and Edge Density (ED) indices showed that the process of forest fragmentation in the basin has been attenuated, due to the predominant edge indices on the forest class. The Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit presented a significant contribution to the processes of use and occupation in the region acting as an instrument to contain environmental impacts. The relevance of the research is represented by the integration of socio-environmental aspects associated with landscape dynamics, considering how human actions can affect the natural resource balance. It is hoped that data presented contribute as a subsidy for the integrated and participatory management of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura de palma de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a fauna de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) LIMA, Renata Cecília Soares de; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do uso do hábitat sobre a comunidade de Gerromorpha (Heteroptera) em uma área de transição Amazônia-cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) WANZELER, Elaine Cristina de Miranda; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera) belong to three different monophyletic infra-orders: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha and Leptopodomorpha. In Brazil only a few studies on these groups have been carried out, mostly in the state of Minas Gerais. This study aimed to determine land use intensity effect over the aquatic Heteroptera-Gerromorpha community. The study was carried out at Tanguro farm, state of Mato Grosso, in a area of transition between cerrado and tropical rain forest. Samples were collected on May and July in 2006 and 2007 in six streams within three different environments: soybean plantation, pasture and forest. Five families, 19 genera, 36 species and 13 morphospecies of Gerromorpha were collected. Species accumulation curves for each environment did not reach an asymptote, though they showed a clear tendency to stabilization. Therefore, increasing the number of samples probably will set the real species number close to the observed for the whole study area. Although vegetation coverage was significantly different among the three environments (ANOVA, F2,45= 23,72; P < 0,001), the habitat type did not influence the number of Gerromorpha species (ANOVA F3,44= 0,77; P = 0,52). In addition, the two axis of a MDS analysis based on species composition did not discriminate the habitats. On the other hand, the abundance of seven species was significantly different among habitats. Analysis of the abundance matrix shown (axis 1- MANOVA; F2,45 = 16,27; P < 0,001 and axis 2- MANOVA; F2,45 = 6,31; P = 0,004) segregated forest species. The three habitats shared 57,14% of the species collected. The considerable decrease in number of specimens from the forest to the pasture may be related to the lost of vegetation coverage in disturbed areas. The species Brachymetra lata, Brachymetra sp. 1, Cylindrostethus palmaris, Tachygerris celocis, Rhagovelia paulana, Rhagovelia whitei and Neogerris lubricus could be considered indicator species based on significant differences in abundance between disturbed and undisturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemias de malária no Pará e sua relação com os padrões de uso da terra nos últimos quarenta anos: uma análise com sistema de informação geográfica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) BACELAR, Maria Denise Ribeiro; VENTURIERI, Adriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8968863324073508
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of malaria epidemics in Para State and the types of space occupation observed there, configured in the main uses of land in the period from 1970 to 2007, seeking to verify the hypothesis that malaria epidemics in Para has been a consequence of space occupation methods (use of the land). So, we tried to examine statistically the relationship between the rates of malaria and population and population and predominant production activities in Para and its regions and the evolution of these variables over time. Also, four villages were selected in Para (one per geographical region), located in the pioneer occupation area in the State, one of them was elected the control village in the study and they were all mapped in order to analyze temporal dynamics of its landscapes over the years 1975, 1991 and 2008. In the selected villages − Itaituba, Anajas, Tucurui and Juruti, − the main landscape types established were identified, and their temporal evolution analyzed, in attempt to verify the existence or not of a cause-effect relationship between these models of landscape and the malaria occurrence in these locations in the period investigated. It was possible to demonstrate in this study, by the data investigated, its historical evolution and statistical correlations, the hypothesis that malaria epidemics in Para in that period, is a consequence of misconducted occupation processes, resulting from government policies introduced in the region after 1970. Similarly, a cause-effect relationship between production activities introduced in the Region and malaria epidemics reported here proved evident. A relevant fact is that geographical occurrence of malaria in the State remains epidemic in areas, as investigated here, where primary production activities are performed using no environmentally correct methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoques de carbono resultantes de mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo e sua relação com os indicadores socioeconômicos nos municípios de Paragominas e Ulianópolis, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) SOUSA, Larissa Melo de; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The land use land cover change are pointed out by several studies to cause environmental damage, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere The objective of this study is to relate the socio-economic indicators and carbon emissions with the different land use land cover change in the municipalities of Paragominas and Ulianópolis for the years 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2012. For this, they were certain areas according to each class of use and land cover and the mean of the stock of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) for each of the classes of use and land cover provided by TerraClass Project for 2004. Subsequently were quantified CO2 emissions associated with land use land cover change cover. In addition, the socioeconomic data were related to estimates of carbon. The results indicate that much of the forest area was converted to the classes of agriculture and pasture. The total carbon stored above ground, between the period 2004 to 2012 ranged from 163 x106 Mg C to 161 x106 Mg C Mg C in Paragominas and de 31 x106 Mg C to 29 x106 Mg C in Ulianópolis. The net CO2 emissions between the period 2004 to 2012 amounted to 5.8x106 Mg CO2 to Paragominas and 7.4 x106 Mg CO2 to Ulianópolis. In Ulianópolis it was observed a moderete linear relationship between socioeconomic indicators and carbon stocks, while in Paragominas, there was no linear correlation. The conclusion is that the dynamics of use and land cover classes are based on agriculture and livestock as variables in the economic matrix of the municipalities. The carbon stock in the municipalities has decreased due to reduction of forest areas and the advancement of areas of annual agriculture and clean pasture, so the study area is negatively contributing to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Land use land cover change has positive effects on the socio-economic indicators, but increase carbon emissions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura de comunidades de peixes de igarapés de três pequenas bacias de drenagem sob uso de Agricultura Familiar no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-26) CORRÊA, Jean Michel; GERHARD, Pedro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621269098705408; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2388049759708934
Stream fish species can be distributed in space and time and in an organized pattern, which can be observed on the association of groups of species and their relationship to certain habitats. The reduced number of studies and the scarce knowledge on the aquatic fauna in Amazon contribute to the under-estimation of the magnitude of impacts upon lotic habitats and stream fish fauna. The Bragantina Region, in the northeast portion of Pará, is an example of an old agricultural frontier in the Amazon. Smallholder farming in the area is expressive, the main cultures are corn, caupi, and cassava, and semi-perennial cultures, such as “maracujá” (passion fruit) and “pimenta-do-reino” (black pepper). The areas of familiar production are a dominant feature of the landscape, thus contributing to most of the soil and aquatic ecosystem degradation. Aiming at the description of stream fish communities and its relations to environmental variables, a two-year study was carried out in eight reaches of three streams located in this region: Cumaru, São João and Pachibá streams. After nine monthly collections, 2.117 fishes were collected, distributed in seven orders, 13 families, 27 genera and 43 species. The most abundant species in all samples was Hypessobrycon heterorhabudus, totalling 337 individuals, followed by Bryconops caudomaculatus, with 326 individuals. The species richness was highest in a Pachibá stream reach (IGPA-B), with 21 species. Simpson’s diversity index showed the highest species dominance in a Cumaru stream reach, while Shannon’s diversity index showed that the IGPA-B had the greatest diversity. Iguanodectes spirulus was the most constant species, occurring in 50% of samples. The similarity between the environments showed that the distribution of species followed a longitudinal pattern instead of a geographic pattern. Land use, specially small farms, did not affect the ichthyofauna, since the low intensification of this activity still permit some integrity to aquatic ecosystem. However, as agriculture system intensification increases in the future, we do not know what will be the ecosystem response.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo do uso da terra em unidades de produção familiar no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MOREIRA, Aninha Melo; VENTURIERI, Adriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8968863324073508
The historical context of territorial formation of the Paraense Northeast, is related with the several occupation periods that the Amazonian area suffered, from the origins of the colonization, going by the migratory flows, starting from the decade of 1950, until his/her current configuration. The Paraense Northeast is composed by Salgado's microrregiões, Bragantina, Cametá, Guamá and Tomé-Açu, occupying about 135 thousand squared kilometers, in other words, 10,6% of the state surface, including 49 municipal districts, possessing 1,8 million inhabitants, 27% of the state population. After almost a century of use the virgin forest areas are part of the past. The pattern of use of the earth bases on the handling of portions of secondary forest, in rotation with annual cultures and the implantation of perennial cultures and of pastures. In this context this work aimed at to understand the dynamics of the use of the earth in units of family production, for like this to subsidize alternatives for the planning of the properties. The research was accomplished in thirty three units, disposed in the municipal districts of Bragança (it presents an older occupation, with different occupation reports and use of the earth, approximately 300 years), Capitão Poço (it represents an occupation and use middlemen, 60 years) and Garrafão do Norte (with a process of more recent occupation about 20 years). the methodology based on the direct observation, in the application of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, photographic registrations, elaboration of mental maps and use of the System of Geographical Information, for construction of thematic maps and analysis of the satellite images. It can be observed that the use pattern if it doesn't differentiate in the three areas, because it is not the atmosphere only that it will influence in the established practices, but each farmer's culture, in other words, his/her cultural load that it is printed on the territory. It was verified that the landscape of a property will be more or less fragmented in function of the number of people that you/they make use of her. The secondary vegetation is an important element in this dynamics, because his/her presence or absence will contribute more or less to a property to be resilient the pressures of markets, in other words, the existence of this forest resource, together with other productive systems, they allow that property to have a variety of products to be made available in the sphere of the family and to the market. It is like this necessary that strategies of planning of the property are elaborated, to guarantee the social and environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do albedo da palma de óleo em comparação a diferentes usos e cobertura do solo no leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-26) CAMPOS, Mayara Soares; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439
The advance of the agricultural frontier in the Amazon region has been continuous in these recent years, especially in the eastern Amazon with the expansion of oil palm cultivation, which has caused many changes in the land cover of the region. In this way, considering the need to understand the response of the oil palm culture to changes in the surface albedo, this study aims to assess the albedo fluctuations in oil palm cultivation area. In order to do this, we compared the albedo values observed by a micrometeorological tower with those estimated from orbital data, based on the products of Landsat 8/OLI and Terra/MODIS satellites. The oil palm albedo was also compared with the albedo of others land use and land cover as pasture, forest and secondary vegetation. This analysis showed that the values observed in situ (non-imaging sensor) for the oil palm cultivation are statistically the same as those estimated by the two orbital sensors (imaging sensor) and they ranged from 0.14 to 0.15 in the dry season. The results also showed a good agreement between the albedo estimated by the orbital sensors. Moreover, the evaluation of the similarity between the other types of uses and coverings in relation to the surface albedo were significantly different from each other, which present the following pattern: Pasture > Oil Palm > Secondary vegetation > Forest. This result suggests that conversions from one land cover to another can influence the radiation balance on the surface and thereby trigger climate change. These information presented in this research can contributes to better understand the albedo fluctuation values of oil palm surface and other land covers in a satisfactory way and can also contribute with information for possible parameterizations of climate simulations models and environmental impacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exploração de recursos florestais não madeireiros pelos Mẽbêngôkre-Kayapó da aldeia Las Casas - terra indígena Las Casas, no sudeste do Pará: aspectos biológicos, sociais e econômicos relevantes para a sustentabilidade da comercialização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-12) GONZÁLEZ PÉREZ, Sol Elizabeth; MITJA, Danielle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3686851570084502; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
This thesis analyzes the different types of non-timber forest products use on Indigenous Land Las Casas, as well as the importance of them to Mẽbêngôkre people of village Las Casas subsistence. Besides that, the thesis describes the use and the ways that the products and the community of Las Casas follow through market. The research was a combination of interdisciplinary methods and techniques of biological sciences, and human sciences, finally using techniques of ethnobotany, and geographic information systems. To understand the current context of the use of non-timber forest products and the integration into the market, it was conducted an analyzes of the history of occupation of Indigenous Land Las Casas, the dynamics of the use of land through the processing of Landsat satellite images, and the different types of soil were described by Mẽbêngôkre-Kayapó village of Las Casas occupation, also with the plants and resources used, that is the traditional economy of this people. I also analyzed the different forms of relationship of Mẽbêngôkre Kayapó with the surrounding society and how these influenced the market integration and different economic activities, highlighting in Las Casas to entering the market through Mẽkunhêre and Me à yry Las Casas projects. I found that the Indigenous Land Las Casas presents a dynamic use of the land guided by deforestation events and recovery of deforested areas. In this way, the Kayapó people recognize and classify different types of land use between that stand out savannas and forests, and disturbed areas resulting from the occupation by squatters in the area, for the establishment of cattle ranches. The classification of land use by Kayapó people from Las Casas was compatible to that obtained by the satellite Landsat-8, yet the Kayapó differentiate occupations that the image cannot be recognized, as are babaçuais, pequizais, barns, fields and humid areas. In these territories, the Kayapó people hunt, fish, and cultivate their traditional way fields. Among the plant species used for their livelihoods, identify and explore at least 95 useful species distributed in 36 families and 72 botanicals genera. For these species were raised 21 different uses grouped into eight categories of use. The species that were highlighted uses for subsistence and production of material culture belong to the family Arecaceae (Attalea speciosa Mart., Mauritia flexuosa L.f., Oenocarpus distichus Mart) e Caryocaraceae (Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil.) and Caryocaraceae (Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil.). These species are managed by them and are part of resource exchange network between villages, which ensures the circulation of different crop varieties, and raw materials used in the production of objects intended for ritual life and commercialization. Finally, for the commercialization in a sustainable manner the fruits of babassu and pequi, would be necessary to develop management plans for both species. In this way, the activity that provides more income opportunities is the commercialization of handicrafts. Even so, there are still aspects that should be improved. Especially in Ngonh-rôrô-kre association and community organization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Financiamento internacional para o setor agroindustrial no Mato Grosso: uma oportunidade para conservação?
(2008-06) STICKLER, Claudia; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de
One of the major trends linked to the process of globalization is the expansion of agro-industry into the humid tropics. Although agro-industry is an important source of income for Brazil , it is also leading to the displacement of local populations and extensive clearing of native vegetation. In this context, we focus on a second trend resulting from globalization in which financial institutions have demonstrated increasing concern with environmental and social responsibility, notably through the inclusion of environmental and social conditions on loans to the agricultural sector. In this article, we assess the potential for this type of economic instrument to help reduce the negative impacts of agroindustrial expansion through the lens of two International Finance Corporation loans to Brazil ’s Grupo Maggi. We also examine how the different actors who are shaping this debate (non-governmental organizations, industries, the finance sector, government) can best help to realize this potential.