Navegando por Assunto "Vegetable oils"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção e dessorção supercrítica de carotenos e antioxidantes do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, Mart) em leito de γ- Alumina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03) CUNHA, Marcos Augusto Eger da; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work we investigated the enrichment of antioxidants buriti oil (Mauritiaflexuosa Mart) adsorption process by supercritical. The adsorption was carried out experimentally by the method of frontal analysis in columns packed with y-alumina and 15, 20 e 25 MPa, 333 K, and flow of solvent QCO2 = 10,6 L/min, using an assembly of double columns of 81 cm3, tested and approved for use as a cell adsorption. The oil was buriti physic-chemically characterized according to the AOCS official methods and found to comply with the data reported in the literature. The composition of methyl esters was determined by gas chromatography (CG) and antioxidant activity by the method of capture of free radicals (DPPH). The adsorbent was characterized by fluorescence and x-ray diffraction, determining the particle size distribution, porosity and surface area by BET in each experiment, a material balance was performed in the adsorption column to calculate the mass of the adsorbed species in y-alumina in the process of supercritical adsorption. The influence of pressure on supercritical adsorption was investigated by examining the behavior of the isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm was used to model the experimental data of adsorption. The experimental results show an increased capacity adsorbent with higher pressures, showing a maximum of 90,9 ± 8,6 mg oil/g y-alumina, at 25 MPa. The adsorption supercritical buriti oil on γ-alumina using carbon dioxide as solvent appears to be an alternative method for extracting antioxidants from the includ carotenes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento de resíduos da indústria de óleos vegetais produzidos na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SANTOS, Marcio José Teixeira dos; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311121099883170
The objective of this study was the use of açaí waste, cupuassu and Brazil nut resulting from mechanical pressing of oil. In this context, the physico-chemical analysis of pies were made, and were subsequently applied oil extraction methods. Extraction methods were used: bligh dyer, sohxlet and supercritical fluid. We evaluated the efficiency of the extraction, the fatty acid profile, physico-chemical properties and the oxidative stability of oils obtained. Evaluating the results obtained, it could be said that the pies are an important source of nutrients, especially lipids, protein and fiber. The profile of fatty acids obtained Brazil nut pie, cupuassu pie and blend Brazil nut - cupuassu had higher unsaturated fatty acids, however, these tests showed the lowest time of oxidative stability. The extraction of oil from cupuaçu pie, applying supercritical fluid extraction and bligh dyer, obtained a ratio (ω-3 / ω-6) more significant when compared to the other raw materials and for the three extraction methods. Oil samples showed elevated levels of acidity, up establishing the RDC n ° 270. Regarding the peroxide values, with the exception of oil açaí pie, cupuassu - açaí blend and blend Brazil nut - açaí, all other samples showed peroxide values below that establishes the resolution. The oils obtained from mixtures had higher oxidative stability than the pure oil extracted from the pie, as well as profiles of more balanced fatty acids. The oils obtained from mixtures had higher oxidative stability than the pure oil extracted from the pie, as well as profiles of more balanced fatty acids.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da natureza da matriz sólida sobre a extração supercrítica de óleos vegetais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) COSTA, João Fernando Alves; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The extraction of substances from solid substrates both low and high pressures involves at least two phases, a solid and another fluid. The content of the solute in each phase is expressed in terms of the volume of phase and / or volume of solvent. Then, by modeling the interfacial mass transfer it requires a partition coefficient. In general, the simplest way to address this problem is to model the phases separately. The mechanism predominant mass transfer can vary from system to system. For some substrates higher resistance may be in the solid phase and for others it is in the fluid phase. As the interface concentrations for each phase are represented by different variable, phases have to be modeled separately. However, depending on the system, there may be a transfer mechanism predominated over the other, and many effects can be discarded for simplification of the model. The utilization of simpler mathematical models requires a combination of variables for definition of parameters that can represent the phenomenon. In this work the extraction curves were fitted to a model which describes the interfacial mass transfer like a first order kinetics, since the constant of the extraction rate is the unique adjustment parameter. It has been proposed that the adjustment parameter depends on the solubility of solute in the supercritical solvent and on the solid substratum characteristics. To avail that, extraction experiments with babaçu, powder açaí and pupunha pulp using super-critic carbon dioxide at 20, 25 and 30 MPa and temperature of 50°C have been carried out. The results showed that the experimental data fit well to a model with a constant characteristic of each material, with values 4.1983 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to babaçu, 4.2258 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to pupunha pulp, to 10-5 m/kg∙s to powder açaí.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) e sabões do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-30) SILVA, Marcilene Silva da; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
The present work aims to investigate the Thermocatalytic Cracking Process of the Buriti Oil ( L.), Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) and burit oil soap, considering the transformation of vegetable oils and soaps using the thermocatalytic cracking in biofuels, using Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate), CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate), CaO (Calcium Oxide) and Acidic Zeolites (HZSM-5) as catalysts and temperatures of 420, 450 and 480 ° C. The fruit of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L) was collected and extracted from the pulp oil, and then this oil was characterized in relation to the Acidity Index, Saponification Number, Viscosity, Density, Refractive Index and CHN analysis. In preliminary tests it was used the refined and neutralized palm oil, so they were not characterized. Buriti soap was prepared in the laboratory with potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and stored for thermal pyrolysis. The catalysts were also characterized in relation to Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 29Si and 27Al, XRay Diffraction, thermal analysis, chemical analysis and TPD of ammonia. In the process of thermocatalytic cracking the liquid products produced were analyzed regarding the parameters: yield, acidity index, infrared spectrum, NMR and CHN analysis and then were characterized in relation to density and kinematic viscosity. However, regarding the level of acidity of the liquid products, only basic catalysts produced cracked with acceptable values for use as fuel. From the results it was verified the efficiency of catalysts in which the sodium carbonate catalyst gave products with low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da ingestão de óleos vegetais nos parâmetros cardiometabólicos de indivíduos com síndrome metabólica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-09) SILVA, Lívia Martins Costa e; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311121099883170
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equilíbrio líquido-líquido dos sistemas biodiesel de castanha do Brasil + metanol + (glicerina ou água): determinação experimental e modelagem termodinâmica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-18) GONÇALVES, Jefferson Dias; AZNAR, Martín; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5798321645560791; SANTOS, Geormenny Rocha dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0844662601945669
Biodiesel is defined as being a mixture of fatty esters derived of animal fats or vegetable oils, obtained through the process of transesterification with short chain alcohols. During the production is used a quantity in excess of alcohol and a catalyst to propitiate the formation reaction of esters; in this way the output flow of the reactor contains the catalyst, the unreacted alcohol and products obtained by transesterification, biodiesel and glycerin, forming a biphasic system; depending on the solubility of these compounds, will may there be amounts of biodiesel and glycerin-rich phase and quantities of glycerin in biodiesel-rich phase. During the process of purification of biodiesel it is necessary to accomplish a washing with water, to promote removal of the catalyst and impurities of the product of interest. Due to the amount of compounds involved in the production and purification is essential to know the liquid-liquid equilibrium data in order to predict the proportions in which the compounds coexist and subsequently, to proceed with purification under suitable conditions for obtaining biodiesel with greatest efficiency and to assist in the design of the reactor and tanks. The objectives of this work were to produce biodiesel from oleaginous plants native to the region, the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) and to establish liquid-liquid equilibrium data (ELL) to ternary systems: biodiesel of Brazil nut + methanol + glycerin and biodiesel of Brazil nut + methanol + water at temperatures of 30° C and 50° C. The biodiesel produced was initially characterized in accordance with the standards of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) using physicochemical methods. The data obtained were afterward correlated with NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models for the calculation of the coefficient of activity of each component in the liquid phase, with new energetic interaction parameters obtained. The results obtained from the modeling were satisfactory, and was observed that the NRTL model represented better the experimental data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das variáveis operacionais dos processos de separação na produção de biodiesel, a partir do óleo de palma bruto (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) em escala de laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-14) CASTRO, Douglas Alberto Rocha de; ARAUJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work, the operational variables involved on the separation processes applied on the pre-treatment of crude palm oil (guineensis Elaeis, jacq) , as well as on the purification of biodiesel, produced by transesterification with ethanol and using NaOH as catalyst, have been investigated systematically in laboratory scale. In the pre-treatment step, the processes of Filtration and Decantation have been investigated, being the filtration of the product, carried out by neutralization at 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC, whereas by Decantation, it had been evaluated the temperatures of 40ºC and 60ºC in 120 minutes. After that, it was investigated the influence of the time of decantation by 60, 90 and 120 minutes on the water washing process of the neutralized oil at 40ºC and 60ºC, followed by dehydration under vacuum at 80ºC, having been investigated in this stage the influence of the pressure. After the production of biodiesel, it had been evaluated the process of Evaporation of ethanol in excess, whereas in a first step, it had been investigated the temperatures of 70 and 80 ºC, maintaining the evaporation time constant and equal to 20 minutes, within the interval of 613,30 and 80,0 mbar, and in a second step, it had been investigated the system pressures of 480,00 and 346,60 mbar. After that, it had been investigated the influence of time on the decantation process of the glycerol rich phase at 70ºC, for times of 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Afterwards, the ester rich phase has been submitted to water washing at 70ºC, for the times of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. After that, it was evaluated the efficiency of the process of centrifugation of the mixture biodiesel and glycerol at 60 and 70ºC, 2000 rpm, and a time of 15 minutes. After that, the ester rich phase has been washed with water at 60 and 70ºC, being the separation carried out by centrifugation at 60 and 70ºC. The ester rich phases, obtained by decantation and centrifugation have been submitted to dehydration under vacuum, and characterized according to the specifications of the ANP. In accordance with the experimental results, on the basis of the quality of neutral oil and process yield, it has been observed that the Filtration at 50ºC produced the best results. In relation to the evaporation of ethanol, the higher ethanol recovery was obtained by 80ºC and 346.6 mbar. In relation the separation of ester and glycerol rich phases, the process of centrifugation at 60ºC produced a biodiesel of better quality and higher yield. It was still observed, the necessity of one second step of centrifugation to minimize the losses of biodiesel in the rich phase in glycerol.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico da borra de neutralização do óleo de palma para produção de biocombustível
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-17) SANTOS, Marcelo Costa; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
The Soap phase residue derived from refining vegetable oils are agro-industrial residues obtained after the neutralization stage of vegetable oils, which are aggregate low-value material, in addition to being an environmental liability for agribusiness thus is becoming increasingly attractive the use of these residues as raw material for generation bio-fuels. This work studies the neutralization sludge of palm oil as an alternative raw material, from the point of view, economic and environmental to the process of catalytic and Thermic-catalytic cracking. Initially were carried experiments of Thermic and catalytic cracking of the neutralization sludge and palm oil (in one reactor) and catalytic tests (the second reactor coupled in the first decarboxylation) both in bench scale; experiments were perfomed of the thermic-catalytic and catalytic (only in semi-pilot scale) of the neutralization sludge in the semi-pilot and pilot scale using different types of catalysts (Na2CO3, CaCO3, activated alumina, zeolite HY, HZSM-5, and FCC). The organic liquid product (OLP) obtained and the fractions obtained from the distillation in bench and pilot scale were characterized and compared with the current standard. The results obtained in laboratory scale have shown that the activated alumina catalyst provided the highest yield in wet basis (83.70%), with palm oil as raw material, however, the bio-fuel obtained Na2CO3 had a better quality how much the physicochemical characteristics. . In the semi-pilot scale, the highest yield was the thermal experiment of the sludge (78.36%), followed by the experiment with 5% activated alumina (71.47%), but the use of Na2CO3 showed better quality in the how much the physicochemical characteristics.The experiments in the pilot scale showed the highest yield (71%) obtained with 15% Na2CO3 at a temperature of 440 ° C. The results of the chromatographic analysis of this OLP obtained in the pilot scale confirmed that the percentage increase in the catalyst enabled the formation of a OLP rich in hydrocarbonate (91.22%) containing aliphatic, olefinic, naphthenic, aromatic and low amounts of oxygenates (8 , 78%). While in the distillation of PLO of the Experiment 5 makes possible to get fractions rich in hydrocarbons and without oxygenates compounds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) com lama vermelha calcinada e alumina ativada em reatores de bancada e batelada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-29) LOURENÇO, Rafael Martins; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In the present work was to study the thermal catalytic cracking process palm oil for biofuel production. In the development of this study were performed in crackings Bench and Semipilot. Initially, basic catalysts in cracking tests were performed (Red Mud; Red Mud Calcined at 550 ° C; Red Mud Calcined at 800C; Red Mud Calcined at 1000 ° C; Activated Alumina (AA) with NaOH 20% solution and Activated Alumina (AA) NaOH solution 30%) and acid (not activated alumina) in bench scale using as raw palm oil. Before the mentioned catalysts are used in thermal catalytics crackings, they were subjected to the following tests: Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and BET in order to characterize them. The results of the bench scale showed that the cracked products Gross (PCB's) achieved in thermal catalytics oil crackings using as a catalyst 15% Red Mud Calcined at 800 ° C and 15% AA by NaOH 20% solution, had a significant reduction in their Acidity Index (IA's) compared to the IA's of heat and thermal catalytics crackings used with other catalysts. In Semipilot Scale the thermal catalytics crackings were developed with the best results obtained, Bench Scale, between the Red Mud’s Calcined or not in different concentrations (15% of Red Mud Calcined 800 ° C) and between the Activated Aluminas or not at various concentrations (AA with 15% NaOH solution at 20%) compared to IA's, in addition to the thermal cracking which was also reproduced on the scale. Some of the products obtained in Semipilot Scale was submitted to distillation in Bench Scale to obtain fractions corresponding to the tracks: gasoline, kerosene, light diesel and heavy diesel. The RMN analysis of 13C, held on the heat crackings and diesel thermal catalytic with 15% Red Mud Calcined at 800 °C proves that they are basically formed from long chain fatty acids. Moreover, the GC-MS performed in the cut of gasoline range (40 °C- 175 °C) showed that the three gasolines analyzed showed the formation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, olefinic and naphthenic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração utilizando óleo vegetal e assistida por ultrassom de biocompostos da pimenta cumari-do-pará (capsicum chinense Jacq) em diferentes estádios de maturação e localidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-23) CARDOSO, Raiane Vieira; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz
The extraction of blend is one of the most critical steps in the polls with natural products, because your efficiency depends on several parameters, such as the sample type, type of analytes to be extracted, location where these analytes are sampled, type of solvent extractor and method of extraction, among others. In this study the objective of performing the ultrasound-assisted extraction of cumari pepper blend-do-pará (Capsicum chinense Jacq) grown in two different locations in the State of Pará (Santo Antônio do Tauá and Igarapé-Açu) and with different level of maturation using vegetable oil as a solvent. The centesimal composition (moisture, ash, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), was made in conjunction with the quantification of soluble solids, acidity, pH and color. For conducting the tests of extraction of bio- and antioxidant capacity, the pulps were freeze dried and subjected to extraction with organic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction using vegetable oils (soybean, Brazil nuts and palm olein). In the extracts were analyzed concentrations of vitamin C, total carotenoids and phenolic compound capsaicin. The antioxidant activity was measured by β-carotene system/linoleic acid and ABTS radical test. The results indicated that the ash content is not influenced by the degree of maturation at both locations studied. About the color, the biggest b * parameters, index Chroma (C) and the Hue Angle values (ºc) near 90° were found in Peppers mature, demonstrating that these fruits boast yellow colour when they reach maturity. For bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, it was observed that for the majority of the compounds analyzed the degree of ripeness and the location interfere and highest values were found for the mature peppers of Igarapé açu. The same behavior was observed for extracts obtained from vegetable oils, being soybean oil which obtained greater values. The fruits of peppers had significant antioxidant activity and the Pearson correlation results have shown that phenolic compounds were the main responsible for antioxidant activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem e simulação do fracionamento de óleos vegetais e do produto líquido orgânico do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de palma em colunas multiestágios em contracorrente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-03) COSTA, Elinéia Castro; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work, a method was developed employing the commercial process simulator Aspen Hysys using a countercurrent multistage column to the fractioning/deacidification of vegetable oils applying processes such as liquid-liquid extraction, using ethanol as solvent, and supercritical fractioning, with CO2 as solvent. Palm and olive oil were used in the case study. Experimental equilibrium data of multicomponent systems published in the literature were correlated with both NRTL model and RK-Aspen models, the binary interaction parameters obtained from these correlations were used in the simulations. The same procedure was applied to the fractioning/deacidification process of the organic liquid products (OLP) from the thermal-catalytic cracking of palm oil, using supercritical CO2 as solvent. The correlation of liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the systems showed that the NRTL model was able to suitably fit the experimental data for all the studied systems with RMSD between 0.15 to 1.72%. For all the S/F ratios analyzed, simulation results demonstrated, on the 10 stage column, that only when a mixture water+ethanol (12.41%) was used as solvent, the maximum acceptable level of neutral oil loss for industrial physical refining (5%wt) was attained. Correlation of experimental equilibrium data at high pressures indicated that the RK-Aspen model was able to properly fit the equilibrium data for all studied systems, with RMSD from 3.0E-05% to 0.58% for the liquid phase and between 2.0E-06% to 0,02% for vapor phase, for each composition of free fatty acid in the feed. The absolute mean deviations between the supercritical fractioning process simulated with 10 stages using the olive oil model mixture and the experimental results of supercritical fractioning of olive oil in a pilot scale column at 313K, S/F=20, with varying pressure and different fatty acid composition in the feed, were 2.25% for the yield of raffinate stream and 0.15% for the fatty acid concentration in the raffinate stream. The simulations of supercritical fractioning of OLP, with 10-staged columns, showed that the CO2 was able to deacidificate the produced fractions. For both proposed process diagrams with the column 1 using S/F=17 or 19, column 2 for all the studied S/F ratios, presented top streams (extract) containing compositions characteristic of kerosene from petroleum, with lower olefin and oxygenated content compared to the experimental fraction distillated within the same temperature range of petroleum kerosene published in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biocombustíveis via craqueamento térmico-catalítico de resíduos sólidos de caixas de gordura com carbonato de sódio e lama vermelha ativada termicamente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) ALMEIDA, Hélio da Silva; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This work has the main objective to study the production of biofuels from Thermal-Catalytic Cracking process pilot scale using residual fat removed from the grease traps of the university restaurant of Universidade Federal do Pará (RU-UFPA). The residual fat was collected and treated by sifting, dewatering and separating and introduced into the cracking pilot unit. Were used as catalysts soda ash and red mud thermally activated at 1000 ° C, reject material from the production of alumina Hydro-Alunorte company, which also is an environmental liability. After cracking the organic liquid product obtained was distilled and characterized in the laboratory and pilot scales, obtaining the biofuel Biokerosene band, biogasoline, light and heavy diesel. Additionally, it was investigated the consumption of drinking water of that restaurant and the generation of wastewater, determining the per-capita water consumption, the coefficient of sewage return, the pollution load and the population equivalent. The PLO higher yield of around 82% was obtained with 15% sodium carbonate catalyst. The acid value of the PLO (14.97 mg KOH / g) showed a figure considered low and very satisfactory when compared with the values obtained in the literature. The chromatographic results of the experiment with 10% sodium carbonate showed high content PLO hydrocarbons (78.98%), green kerosene (92.64% of oil) and light diesel (90.21% hydrocarbons). The results denote viability in the production of biofuels from the treated residual fat of the fat boxes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biodiesel através da hidroesterificação do óleo de andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) via Catalise Heterogenea Acida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-30) TEIXEIRA, Evilácio Luz; SOUZA, Mariana de Mattos Vieira Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882084525542926; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The process of hidroesterification (hydrolysis followed by esterification) is constituted as an alternative to the conventional process for producing biodiesel, because it allows the use of raw materials of any content of fatty acids and moisture. Biodiesel is derived from the esterification of Andiroba oil with high content of fatty acids being used niobium oxide powder (HY-340) from Brazilian Company of Metallurgy and Mining - CBMM – as a catalyst. For the execution of experiments was used an autoclave reactor (batch). The hydrolysis reaction was conducted at 300oC, 1200 psi and molar ratio water/oil equal 20. In the esterification reactions were observed the effects of molar ratio methanol/fatty acid (1,2; 2,1 an 3,0), temperature (150, 175 and 200oC) and the concentration of catalyst (0, 10 and 20%) on conversion and initial rate of reaction. The data were conducted according to experimental design (factorial with 23 and adding 3 plants points) analyzed by the program Statistica. The conversion of esterification reaction was monitored from measurements of titrimetric acidity of aliquots removed at times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. In the experiments of esterification the highest conversion obtained was 96.1% with temperature of 200 o C, 20% m / m of catalyst and molar ratio methanol / acid equal to 3.0. Eliminating the catalyst and recital the same levels for the other two analyzed variables (temperature and molar ratio), was obtained a conversion of 95.3%, however was observed a conversion rate child, taking-if an increase of 35 minutes in the time of compared with the reaction catalyzed reaction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biodiesel da gordura de murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) via catálise heterogênea
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-24) TEIXEIRA, Louise Carolina Gonçalves; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172; CORRÊA, Nádia Cristina Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5763999772352165
This work investigated the feasibility of Murumuru oilseed (Astrocaryum murumuru) as raw material for biodiesel production through the use of heterogeneous catalysis in the basic transesterification. Murumuru is a fruit composed of pulp and kernel, producing about 50% of white fat, odorless, with the advantage of not be tasteless easily because it is rich in saturated fatty acids of short-chain such as for lauric and myristic. The biodiesel is conventionally production through the basic homogeneous catalysis. However this catalysis presents a few inconvenients, such as saponification of esters and the difficulty of removing the catalyst. On the otter hand, the heterogeneous catalytic route avoids the drawbacks of homogeneous catalysis, reducing the amount of aqueous effluent generated during the process and reuse of catalysts. The heterogeneous catalyst hydrotalcite, was synthesized and evidenced by analysis of X-ray fluorescence, X – ray diffraction, thermal analysis, textural analysis (BET method) and electronic scanning microscopy. A complete factorial planning was conducted using methanol as reacting product. Independent variables were temperature, molar ratio and catalyst concentration and the response variable was the conversion, measured through spectrophotometric method. These reactions were conducted in to a pressurized batch reactor. The best conversion found through factorial planning was 88,97% for molar ratio of methanol/oil worth 12, temperature of 200ºC and catalyst concentration equaling 6% in 1 hour of reaction. For this condition, kinetic studies were performed and tested the use of ethanol; through the kinetic study a good correlation can be achieved between the kinetic constants and conversion when using the model that considers reversible reaction, chemical reaction as controlling stage following the Eley Rideal mechanism.