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Navegando por Assunto "Waste"

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    Avaliação da durabilidade de concretos produzidos com agregados graúdos reciclados provenientes de cerâmicas vermelhas com diferentes taxas de pré-saturação
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) REIS, Felipe José Losada; SOUZA, Paulo Sérgio Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4933212993218783
    The amount of waste generated by the construction industry has been calling attention lately due to the size with which acts as the environmental impact of using non-renewable natural sources materials and increasing the amounts of waste produced by the urban environment. In Brazil, this estimate is around 90,000 tons generated per day. The proposed use of aggregate from CW ( construction waste ) as part of structural concrete becomes even more interesting from the moment we are seeking a reduction in costs for the production of concrete , carrying environmentalist mentality when sparing use of natural resources which some are already starting to run out. Banks of sand and pebble sources begin to fade due to the wide use of these aggregates in the concrete produced in Belém and inland cities in the state of Pará. The need for new sources of aggregates makes us seek in construction waste likely sources of aggregates responding in a similar fashion to natural. Considering this proposal, this dissertation evaluated the durability of concrete produced with the addition of ceramic CW through trials of water absorption by capillarity, carbonation, chloride ion penetration and electrical resistivity. To that end, we replaced the natural coarse aggregate by ceramic coarse aggregate by 50%, where this percentage of recycled aggregate was subjected to the rates of pre - saturation of 60 %, 80 % and 100 %. According to the results it can be seen that the presence of RCCA (recycled ceramic coarse aggregate), regardless of the degree of pre- saturation was significant in all the results, the fact that the concrete while leaving more susceptible to loss of durability, it showed a pattern of behavior in relation to the reference mixtures. The closest matches conventional concrete mixtures were made by containing pre- saturated with water at a rate of 80 % ceramic aggregates.
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    Consumo e descarte de óleos vegetais comestíveis: proposta de sequência didática como estratégia de ensino das Ciências Ambientais
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-27) PEREIRA, Milton Nazareno Monteiro; SILVA, Cléber Silva e
    The changing eating patterns of societies have increased the consumption of fried foods, which is directly associated with the onset of various diseases. Vegetable oils resulting from these preparations are a potential environmental pollutant when discarded inappropriately. The purpose of this study is to research the consumption and disposal of edible vegetable oils by third-year high school students in Chemistry classes, by proposing the development and application of a Didactic Sequence (DS) using active methodologies, in order to promote teaching of Environmental Sciences and provide the target audience with the opportunity to change their behavior regarding consumption and disposal of these compounds. The applied methodology was a quantitative-qualitative approach, using action research to obtain data using observation techniques, questionnaires, conversation circles, semi-structured interviews and bibliographic/document analysis. This research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará - IFPA/Campus Belém with 2 classes from Chemistry and Systems Development courses, totaling 46 students. After applying the DS, which obtained the highest content validation index, it was found that 54.2% of Chemistry students and 18.2% of Systems Development students researched had reduced their consumption of fried food and 66.7% and 45.5%, respectively, of these students began to dispose of waste oil properly. The education product was made available in the form of a Didactic Sequence Guidance Manual to aid the teaching-learning process in Environmental Sciences.
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    Descarte inadequado de resíduos sólidos - análise de competências, riscos e possibilidades de transformação em insumos produtivos: caso na Vila de Algodoal-PA, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) PIRES JÚNIOR, José Alberto; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-9646; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-6938
    One of the major concerns observed today is the generation, allocation and inadequate disposal of waste and waste. The present work aims to identify how Vila de Algodoal produces, collects and disposes of waste, waste and waste produced. With the research having a legal-environmental profile, all proposals that seek solutions and/or mitigation of identified environmental impacts will be guided by Law No. 12,305/10, among other relevant legal provisions. The general objective of the present study comprises determining the competence for managing solid waste, mainly organic waste of animal origin, and how this collection has been occurring in Vila de Algodoal, with the aim of not only identifying appropriate disposal strategies, but also highlighting the possibility of obtaining production inputs from these materials. To this end, analogous research involving themes related to waste management was used as a reference, as well as photographic records, participation in solid waste collection actions and also a search for information with local actors in order to become aware of the current way of collection and disposal of solid waste in Vila de Algodoal and whether the practice adopted finds legal support. Finally, a video was created portraying the current scenario of waste disposal in Vila de Algodoal, including possible solutions to the problem and also a Technical Note to be forwarded for evaluation by the Management Council of APA Algodoal Maiandeua, Ideflor- Bio and Chamber of Councilors of the Municipality of Maracanã-PA, which identified the current profile of production, allocation and destination of waste and rejects in the locality and contains alternatives for mitigating the observed environmental impact, focusing on the viability alternatives for transforming an eventual threat into opportunity.
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    Determinação espectrofotométrica do arsênio em solo da cidade de Santana-AP usando o método do dietilditiocarbamato de prata (SDDC) modificado
    (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009) PEREIRA, Simone de Fátima Pinheiro; OLIVEIRA, Geiso Rafael Fonseca; OLIVEIRA, Johny da Silva; SILVA, Juliane da Silva e; SOUSA JUNIOR, Pedro Moreira de
    Several tons of manganese residues containing arsenic, generated by a mining company, were used as streets landfill in Santana-Ap city. The possibility of exposure of people living in these villages has led to the study of quantification of total arsenic in the soil. After digestion, the levels of arsenic were quantified by molecular absorption spectrophotometry using a hydrides generation automatic system (HG-MAS), dicyclohexilamine/CHCl3 as silver diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) solvent and KBH4 as reducer. The method presented good results with sensitivity (ε) of 1.10 104 l.mol-1.cm-1, stability of 2.96 % and other advantages in relation to the official method. The method was applied to the soil standard samples with recoveries of the 98.82 % (n=10). The soil analysis showed that 94.74 % samples showed arsenic concentrations above the value published by CETESB for residential land (50 mg.kg-1) with the average value of 682.96 mg.kg-1, ranging of 48.08 mg.kg-1, at 1,713.00 mg.kg-1 shows that the soil arsenic contamination.
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    Estudo da potencialidade da cinza da casca do murumuru, um resíduo agro industrial amazônico como filler ao concreto estrutural
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-17) SOUZA, Milleno Ramos de; CORDEIRO, Luciana de Nazaré Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9126233381230999; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4042; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
    The use of agro-industrial waste in the partial replacement of cement in concrete has been the subject of research that analyzes the possible improvements in mechanical and physical properties and durability of the concrete, in addition to providing the use of mineral additions of natural origin or partial replacement in relation to the constituent materials of the composite, waste that would have inappropriate disposal, such as open-air landfills and burning. With this scenario, the study aims to research the use of murumuru husk ash (MHA), an agro-industrial waste generated specifically in the Amazon region as partial replacement of cement in structural concrete and evaluate the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the ash to act as filler in concrete, and its properties in the fresh and hardened state in concrete. With this purpose, the MHA underwent the physical-mechanical characterization tests such as specific mass, pozzolanic activity with Portland cement, pozzolanic activity with lime and BET test, also performing the mineralogical and chemical analysis of the ash. For concreting, a mix 1:1.6:2.4 (by mass) with water/cement ratio of 0.43 was considered, with replacement levels of 0%, 6%, 9% and 13% of the cement mass by MHA. After the dosage, the tests were performed on the concrete in its fresh and hardened state: slump test, specific mass, compressive strength (28 days), tensile strength in diametrical compression, water absorption by capillarities, specific mass in the hardened state, modulus of elasticity and morphological evaluation, through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Checking first the properties of concrete in the fresh state, it is evaluated that the insertion of the waste decreased the consistency and decreases the specific mass, except the concrete for the content of 6% that there was a 10% increase in the specific mass in relation to the concrete reference. Regarding the properties in the hardened state, the replacement by CCM showed an increase specifically in compressive and tensile strength in the 6% content at 28 days around 1% and 9% respectively, occurring a decrease in the contents of 9% and 13%. The results showed that there is a technical feasibility with partial replacement of 6% of MHA in cement, using plasticizer additive to improve workability
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    Influência do teor de cinza volante na reologia de argamassa de assentamento: fabricado com reciclagem de resíduos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-05) CARDOSO, Dilson Nazareno Pereira; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; FELIPE, Augusta Maria Paulain Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8871741271063047
    The mortars may be considered as a set of solid suspended particles (aggregate), water and binders (cement slurry). Thus, rheological behavior during cure can be influenced by factors such as particle size, composition and content of corporate water. This study investigated the rheological properties of six mortars, depending on the content of fly ash as a pozzolanic activity material, partial replacement of cement. This type of cement used as an aggregate base construction of the residue (RCC) which was characterized by diffraction and fluorescence X- rays. Were formulated for the mortars with addition of rheological tests residue construction (RCC) in proportions of 95, 90, 85, 80, 75 and 70% fly ash (CV) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % to 5 % of ordinary Portland Cement (PC - II and 32), and in each sample was incorporated 35 % water. We used the model VT 550 viscometer with sensor type coaxial cylinders SV1 - Haake temperature of 28 ºC. To evaluate the curing time of the material has scheduled a constant shear rate 53.4 s-1 for 1h and 45 min, with rated torque at intervals of 15min. For the development of flow curves and hysteresis curves, we used the shear rate between 0 and 600 s-1 in the time interval of 120 s. The results showed that the incorporation of fly ash is the main factor for increased torque on the curing time of mortar and behavior change reópetico for thixotropic, the traits analyzed. The experimental data of the proposed formulations are adjusted to the rheological model of Herschel - Bulkley.
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    O lixo como tema de estudo na formação inicial de professores
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-18) COSTA, Chirla Miranda da; FREITAS, Nadia Magalhães da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2982253212145468; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-8640
    Social and environmental issues are presented as complex challenges to modern society and the current economic system. Among these challenges, there is the garbage problem, increasingly in evidence with the stimulus to consumerist attitudes. Considering the importance of science education in the debate of these issues, this research through the liquid- modernity conception, in accordance with Bauman and dimensions of sustainability, aims to seize the opportunities and challenges of an initial training of teachers concerning the theme of garbage and its various aspects. Thus, we obtained data collection from three teaching and learning Situations that we developed during the theme "Relationship between Science, Society and Citizenship I" with students from the Integrated Bachelor of Education in Science, Mathematics and Languages, Institute of Mathematics and Science Education (IEMCI / UFPA). This work is based on qualitative research and is characterized by being a research-action. Data were analyzed by use of Textual Analysis Discourse. Based on features such as documentary, extracted reporting from electronic media, scientific paper and production of photos, the students could reflect on several aspects which relate to the complexity of the theme waste: environmental, economic, social and political dimensions, as well as understand how they operate as consumers in waste generation from confrontation with their own waste; also, in relation to the mechanisms of manipulation by capital. These concerns imply own challenges of a critical education focused on civic education and that can not be achieved in a state of conformity with the superficiality with which reality is presented to us routinely, also reinforcing the values concerning the assumptions of sustainability.
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    Rejeito de caulim e caulim estéril amazônicos como fontes de Si e Al na obtenção de SAPO-34: síntese, otimização, influência de impurezas e aplicação em adsorção de corante
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-27) PINHEIRO, Darllan do Rosário; PAZ, Simone Patrícia Aranha da
    Kaolin waste from kaolin industry sedimentation ponds for paper and sterile kaolin or flint belonging to the same mine, in the Capim region, in northeastern Pará, were used in the synthesis of the SAPO-34 molecular sieve. The precursor materials and those produced were characterized by: DRX, FRX, TG-DSC-DTG, FTIR, ASEBET and MEV. First, the use of R-metakaolin as a precursor was evaluated, varying the SiO2 / Al2O3 ratio in the formulation of the SAPO-34 molecular sieve. The adjustment in the value of this molar ratio showed a positive effect on the formation of the desired zeolite, which showed formation of the CHA structure, in less time and with good thermal stability. In relation to the use of F-metakaolin, the effect of the amount of SDA and crystallization time (nucleation and crystal growth) on the formation of the CHA structure was evaluated and, later, that zeolitic product formed with less amount of SDA was used for a detail evaluation, in which the influence of Fe and Ti ions type impurities was studied. The results revealed a positive effect of the greater amount of SDA in the formation of SAPO-34 (CHA), but in a shorter time and, consequently, contribution in the Si distribution in the structure. When comparing the zeolitic products derived from F-metakaolin and a high purity kaolinitic pattern, the zeolitic product obtained from the kaolinitic sterile showed thermal resistance where the calcined product's DRX pattern maintained the CHA diffractometric profile, but with reduced crystallinity. It was also observed that before calcination, the zeolitic product obtained with F-metakaolin showed a smaller displacement to a 2θ (º) angle, indicating an increase in the interplanar distance with reference to the d101 plane, possibly due to interferences of the present impurities (Fe and ions). Ti), however after the calcination for decomposition of the SDA this displacement was not evidenced, thus indicating interference of the SDA used. That product considered the best, based on crystallochemical parameters, was used in the performance evaluation in methylene blue adsorption, which showed good adsorption capacity. In the evaluation of the adsorption kinetics, the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.998) was the one that best fit the experimental data. The optimization of the synthesis using tailings through the planning of Box-Behnken experiment and response surface methodology. It was concluded that the use of Amazon waste and/or flint kaolin is viable for the production of SAPO-34 zeolite (CHA).
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    O Uso de polímeros reciclados na construção civil: uma proposta de habitação sustentável
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-01) FERREIRA, Taiza Naiana da Silva; DIAS, Carmen Gilda Barroso Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2113791118142177
    In recent decades, urban development has resulted in the unbalanced production of plastic materials as waste, waste that can be reused as raw material for a new production cycle. This work presents a proposal for sustainable housing with the use of floors, blocks for sealing with thermo acoustic blanket and sustainable tiles. For their preparation, rotational molding and compression molding equipment was assembled. Residues of polymers and natural fibers were used to make these constructive elements. The polymers used for the development of the floor were polystyrene (PS) disposable cups; ecological blocks were modeled and processed from post-consumer polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging; tiles were molded from discarded laminates; the floors became resistant to abrasion due to the presence of babassu fibers. The blocks provided acoustic comfort by including açaí fiber blankets, the walls were assembled using blocks and a commercial product for laying and overlapping. Housing as a model for recycling materials discarded in the environment will be able to generate proper disposal, providing income, increasing the life cycle of these materials, producing ecological products in civil construction and meeting at least four of the Organization's Sustainable Development Goals-SDGs of the United Nations.
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