Navegando por Assunto "Water"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise econômica de sistema de abastecimento de água público fechado: estudo de caso da Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto - Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-18) SILVA, Adnilson Igor Martins da; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
The water supply is of paramount importance not only for human survival, but also for the development of economic activities and institutional, that is, to organic life / biotic and social life. Regarding the availability of this feature Brazil is a country with huge potential reserves to meet this end. The City University Professor José da Silveira Netto, the UFPA campus, currently produces its water, with funding through an underground aquifer, and in small quantities, also purchased from Local Dealership. However, in relation to production at the Federal University of Pará there is no knowledge about the maintenance costs of the production line, the hand labor involved, etc.. The lack of such knowledge does not allow the manager to act strategically with respect to this situation. This work aims to raise the direct and indirect costs of production of 1m³ of water treated at the City University Professor José da Silveira Netto, comparing it with the amounts charged by the Concessionaire site in order to show the manager what the most advantageous to the Administration with relation to the matter being addressed. Furthermore, future scenarios have been created in order that the activity is dynamic and growing university, beyond what was incorporated as conditions of energy cost and value of grants for water use, not yet integrated into the current cost of production. The results clearly demonstrate that the option of producing drinking water is the most economically advantageous for the institution, in any proposed scenario. Noting that the cost per m³ of produced water ranges from R$ 0,31 to R$ 0,45, while the purchase through the Local Dealership, around R$ 4,30 / m³ for the year 2011, only show viable if that price is a maximum of R$ 0,50 / m³. With this information and analyzes adequately presented clearly and technically considered, this work may be used as a management tool that will permit the public better or more adequate system of water supply in the City University Professor José da Silveira Netto.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de riscos aplicada como metodologia de controle e segurança da qualidade da água no sistema de abastecimento de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-08) ARAÚJO JUNIOR, Antonio Jorge Silva; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This study aims to use the risk assessment approach FMEA as control and safety methodology of water quality in Belém supply system. During the monitoring period were determined indicators free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total iron, total coliforms and E. coli. Collections and analyzes were performed in 46 points of Belém supplies central zone, including water treatment plants, reservoirs drop in the sectors and in the supply network. Each set of data received descriptive statistical analysis, outlier removal and passed the Kruskal Wallis test to determine significant differences between indicators of different supply sectors. It was found that the 3680 measurements, 706 showed no compliance with potability standards (BRASIL, 2011), of which 582 were in the supply network, 92 on the reservoirs drop in the sectors and 32 at treatment plants. The FMEA methodology was applied to all the analyzed indicators, and the points were divided into three groups: REDE, DRS and ETA’s. For the REDE group were identified 18 points of moderate risk and 18 points high risk. For the DRS group and ETA’s all the points were moderate risk. In this research there was no occurrence of despicable risk and critical. The indicators fluoride, total coliforms and E. coli were the most influential, accounting for approximately 15% in the risk weights. However, fluoride indicator contributes to increase the category of risk, because it showed 100% nonconformities with the fluor standards (BRASIL, 1975) in every point. After the categorization of risk, were prepared two maps, one with points and other with contours, representing the risks related to the quality of water for each one of the studied points. The contoured map was best represented the risk, as it presented more comprehensive information.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um modelo via MEF para análise da dispersão de poluentes em rios, lagos e estuários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03) LIMA, Rômulo Correa; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Freshwater of good quality is a pre-requisite for social and economic development of a given region. Paradoxically, this same development is normally responsible for the pollution of their water sources, through domestic or industrial waste dumping without treatment, or through agricultural activities. In this way, the monitoring and the management of that sources are extremely important for the wellbeing of the people living in that region. Among the possible tools to auxiliary this management is the computational simulation of pollutant transport in the hydro medium. In this context, this work presents a computational procedure for the solution of the 2D advectiondiffusion- reaction equation, which is the basis for all the mass transport models. This process consists in the union of the finite elements and finite difference methods in the discretization of the spatial and temporal components, respectively. This methodology was evaluated with the help of tests with synthetic and real data. First one considered the case of mass transport by pure advection to ensure its stability in cases where the classical formulations fail. Second test simulated the transport of a hypothetical pollutant in a piece of a river and showed the correct effect of the drag due to advection and spreading due to diffusion. The last test evaluated the transport of total phosphorus in Agua Preta Lake from the pumped water of the Guama river and point sources located at the margins of the reservoir. The result of the simulation showed the potential of the algorithm to deal with cases closer to the reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O estudo da água real e virtual no concreto usinado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-03) BARRETO, Lidianne Pereira Gomes Lucas; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
Water is an essential substance in order to have life and as well as being a fundamental human right to water is also used in food production, services and consumer goods. Water is present in construction in real and virtual form. The water that is use in the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing of building materials and during the lifetime of the buildings and the virtual water is incorporate into the product. The construction industry is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world and therefore has become a major consumer of natural resources. In Brazil, the number of investments for housing has raised the number of buildings in the country and has caused builders seek technologies to reduce the time of execution of works. One such technology is the use of ready-mix concrete; a product manufactured in metering stations, which has as main advantages, the rationalization of the workforce and reduced the concrete runtime. By the growth in the use of ready-mix concrete and concern about water scarcity, this work proposed verify the presence, importance and economic value of the real and virtual water as raw material in ready-mix concrete produced in the metropolitan region of Belém-PA, therefore, although present throughout the concrete production process for the water is not assigned any economic value. When entering the real and virtual water in the unit prices of composition percentages of increases in the value of cubic meters of ready-mix concrete would be less than 1% for real water and 36% for virtual water. These increases although there are not added to the final price of manufacture of concrete. Therefore, one must consider the importance of this natural resource in the construction segment, in order to ensure the maintenance and quality of life for this and future generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A importância da água para a reprodução da comunidade São José do Furo Maracapucu, Abaetetuba – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04) LIMA, Walter Chile Rodrigues
The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of water for reproduction of São José Community riverside populations of the Maracapucu hole and the relation with the belief, locomotion, productive activities and habits. The methodology utilized is of the qualitative descriptive approach, and in relation to the paper is bibliographical and of the field. The survey sample was 10 families from a population of 105 families. Data was collected using a questionnaire with open questions and scripted of dialogue and observations. The analysis of the results identified that water is essential in building the style of life of the Amazon riverside populations. It was observed also that the water of the estuary has been suffering attacks because of the misuse of several segments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O “interior” e as águas: entre paisagens, mobilidades e tecnologias de uma vida ribeirinha em São Sebastião da Boa Vista no Marajó-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-20) LIMA, Joicieli Pereira de; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
This research arises from an internal confrontation with my own identity, and so I question whether the people who live in São Sebastião da Boa Vista in Marajó identify themselves as riverside or not. However, upon arriving in the field I realize that people in their daily lives are not using riverside as an identity, except in certain sporadic moments, and what appears constantly is the “interior” category, which in turn will be activated i ) sometimes as something negative and pejorative, considering the entire historical and social process that the word “interior” carries with it, ii) or from the confrontation with the “other”, this category will be one of valorization and reaffirmation. From the practice of people's daily lives, it was possible to notice that they were moving whether through the river, the dry land, the mud, but that within this movement the notion of time and space to refer to what is close and what is far it was being mediated by people's relationship with different landscapes, mainly by the presence or absence of water, understanding it as part of their reality and their way of life, acting in accordance with this connection to their own daily lives. Given this, I try to understand what it means to be from the “interior” for people, and from this I realize that the State reduces what it means to be riverside to a way of life linked only to the river, but that when seen through the practice of life people's daily lives, not only the river matters, but all the waters and their variations will constitute the production of the perception of belonging and their ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jogos didáticos para o ensino de ciências ambientais na educação básica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-07) RODRIGUES, Zelinda Duarte; RIBEIRO, Karla Tereza Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654817572738748
Given the precarious state of the basic sanitation system regarding the quality of water for human consumption, this study aimed to contribute through the application of educational games, focusing on Environmental Sciences themes, to the teaching and learning process of 5th-grade students in the early grades of Elementary School, in public schools in the municipality of São Sebastião da Boa Vista – Pará (SSBV-PA). We utilized a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, consisting of both objective and subjective questions, which was administered to teachers. This field research employed a quantitative-qualitative approach, involving the development of a Didactic Sequence and the creation of an "Ecological Chest" containing four games. These games were qualitatively evaluated and received positive acceptance from the judges. The research results with educators indicated that environmental and social themes are prevalent in school documents, highlighting the need for training in Agenda 2030 themes and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Educators employ various methodological strategies and recognize the importance of educational games. During the game application phase in schools, there was noticeable interest, dedication, and attention from the students. Thus, this study aimed to provide benefits such as the implementation of educational strategies and didactic products, contributing to teachers' practices, introducing a new effective and facilitating methodological tool in the teaching and learning process, as well as promoting the formation of values and attitudes. Therefore, we consider that the objectives of this work were achieved, as we emphasized topics related to Environmental Sciences, with a focus on Water, using a Didactic Sequence and Educational Games, adopting an interdisciplinary and playful approach, thus contributing to the teaching-learning process."
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Movimentos das águas e águas em movimento: um estudo sobre os conflitos pela água no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-01) BRIA, Nelson Gabriel da Silva; OLIVEIRA NETO, Adolfo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3108272104911953; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-6295; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024
Water is an indispensable element for the continuity of human life and the planet's environmental balance. As a result, the struggle for its access and resources is a struggle that has been going on for centuries around the world. In each space/territory, it takes on specific characteristics, stemming from the existing interrelationships. In Brazil, the existence of multiple conflicts over access, control, and the right to water and its resources can be seen in different spaces/territories, and the consequences of these conflicts take on new contours, whether in terms of defense strategies by social movements or by big capital, as actions that are harmful to these groups. The debates about water and movements can be understood from numerous theoretical and methodological perspectives, but here we start from the conflictuality and the historical and dialectical materiality that actions of different actors leave on different spaces. Once these actions are historical processes, which are in constant movement, acting and materializing in different ways in each space, leaving marks that can be described and analyzed in a critical way. In view of this, we propose to understand the different processes in which disputes over water are embedded, based on scientific debates and analyses of the actions suffered, practiced, and other strategies developed by socio-territorial water movements to safeguard the rights of their members and of society in general. The hypotheses raised in this work are that the socio-territorial movements organize themselves, either internally within a single movement, or allied with others, seeking different ways to face the adversities arising from the conflicts in which they are inserted, such as: demonstrations, occupations of companies and public agencies, lawsuits, against mining, agribusiness, industrial fishing, among others. The debates in this paper sought to understand the different processes in which disputes over water are inserted. In this sense, the bibliometric research and its subsequent analysis provided conditions for the observation of how science has been producing water conflicts worldwide. Not only the forms, but the diverse processes and conceptions that water assumes for each of those who dispute it. In this sense, it was possible to observe the dynamics resulting from the processes of appropriation and differentiation of uses and conceptions of water, noting the existence of hegemonic actors who seek to control it in order to satisfy their needs. The processes related to the disputes for and over water are complex, arising from the sum of factors resulting from the spaces and territories where they are inserted. At the national level, it was noticeable that socio-spatial and socio-territorial movements are important contesting actors of the current order, producing a set of actions and strategies to confront the hydro-hegemonic actors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O uso de tecnologias sociais para o fornecimento de água potável na comunidade Nossa Senhora de Fátima
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-05) SILVA, Neide Andrade da; SILVA, Cleber Silva e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7673237583688618; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-8751
Inappropriate water resources for human consumption can cause waterborne diseases. Therefore, the use of drinking water is of fundamental importance for health and good quality of life. This work was based on proposing the construction and use of handcrafted filters, at low cost, as sociais technologies aimed at obtaining drinking water in the Nossa Senhora de Fátima community in the Jardim Tropical neighborhood in the municipality of Breves. To achieve the proposed objective, it was necessary to identify the characteristics of the community where the work was carried out. It was also necessary to show, through an interactive educational lecture, the importance of conserving water resources and which filters can be built (at low cost) and used to lead a healthier life. In addition, it was essential to produce a guide, in digital format, of handcrafted filters. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the parish priest and the Community Leader in the Category of Managers (CG), in addition to multiple-choice questionnaires being applied to 18 community members in the Community Category (CC). With this study it was found that the community of Nossa Senhora de Fatima is configured with a low-income profile and does not have access to drinking water, one of the most basic human rights. Thus, by building and using low-cost handmade filters, they obtained, for a minimum amount and in a sustainable way, water suitable for human consumption, thus contributing to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso do algoritmo Sebal na estimativa da evapotranspiração em um pomar de mangas no Nordeste paraense: uma abordagem socioambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-28) MEDEIROS, Leidiane Ribeiro; SOUSA, Adriano Marlison Leão de
Changes in land use and land cover such as conversion of forests to pastures or urban expansion alter the components of the radiation balance, as well as the flow of heat and evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and climate balance, especially in urban areas. The estimation of this variable is essential for the management of water resources in a region, as well as the productivity of a crop, especially those that face water scarcity. In this sense, this work aimed to estimate the real daily evapotranspiration (ETr) of the mango orchard and its underlying areas for the years 2015, 2017 and 2020 in the village of Cuiarana, in the municipality of Salinópolis do Nordeste Paraense. Using this algorithm, maps of statistical parameters were generated, calculated for the different land use covers. The results obtained from ETr were compared with the values obtained by the FAO-Penman-Monteith method and the Bowen Ratio, through their statistical errors. The highest mean values of ETr were obtained for the image 08/02/2015, with an average of 4.805 mm/day, with the mango orchard area being one of the main contributors to this result, as well as the mangrove area. When compared with other reference methods, the values estimated by SEBAL were consistent with the literature, with its temporal variation being strongly affected by the El Niño phenomenon. Thus, the SEBAL algorithm has the potential to be assimilated in the process of managing water resources in the region, as well as in crop management.