Navegando por Assunto "Women"

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Análise espacial da epidemia do HIV entre mulheres brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-25) BEZERRA, Ana Luisa Lemos; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among women has been decreasing in recent years. However, an epidemiological diagnosis at the national level is necessary to detail this behavior of the epidemic in this population, since the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains the main cause of mortality among women aged 15 to 49 years. OBJECTIVE: To spatially analyze the historical scenario of the HIV epidemic in Brazil, among women from 15 years of age, from 2007 to 2020. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: Ecological study that used secondary databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases considering as unit of analysis the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. All cases of HIV and AIDS among women living in Brazil were considered. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatio-temporal risk analysis. RESULTS: There was a territorial decrease in the HIV epidemic throughout Brazil, but less decrease in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. There was a decrease in the number of hotspost clusters (neighboring municipalities with a high incidence rate) throughout Brazil. However, some consolidated with expansion or contraction. Bahia, Paraná and Piauí were the only Brazilian states with coldspot clusters (neighboring municipalities with a low incidence rate), with Piauí standing out with the greatest expansion of this grouping. The South and Southeast regions presented spatio-temporal risks earlier than the other regions and all risk zones had in their compositions state capitals and most of them included adjacent municipalities. CONCLUSION: Although cluster hotspots have decreased in number, others have consolidated and new hotspots have also emerged. This study provides subsidies for the implementation of more effective and focused public policies to combat HIV among Brazilian women. There is a need to include municipal and state authorities in the planning of policies against HIV, always respecting the regional characteristics and each Brazilian municipality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos sociais pelo acesso aos recursos: o extrativismo da mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) no povoado Pontal/Sergipe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-17) ROCHA, Maria Margarette Lisboa; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
Conflicts over access to resources for the practice of extractivism of mangaba in Sergipe are the object of analysis in this study. The survey was conducted through a case study in Pontal Village, in Indiaroba municipality in the state of Sergipe. The main procedures were observations, interviews and participation in the mobilization activities of gatherers. The findings show that among the various actors involved in the conflicts there are the women gatherers, self-styled 'mangaba gatherers ', threatened with losing access to the plants, which engage in the extraction of which depend on to survive. We found different types of conflicts that involve the mangaba gatherers, home owners and caretakers, as well as conflicts even among gatherers themselves. The dispute and competition are strong elements experienced by these women gatherers, in defending their rights, access to natural resources (mangabeiras where they collect fruits and mangroves where they collect shellfish), and also in defense of biodiversity conservation which is so important to the survival of man in harmony with nature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dentre plantas e mulheres: a porta de entrada do universo místico e poético que envolve mulheres em Salvaterra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) PEIXOTO, Lanna Beatriz Lima; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da
In this present study we show preliminary reflections about the mythical universe involving women and female space in the Marajó region. We present data from the first two trips to the countryside, where we highlight two women in particular: Mrs.Marta in Joanes district, and Mrs. Joana, in a "quilombo", both located in the municipality of Salvaterra. Here, we expose some notes raised by the encounter with these two women, to think about their experiences from the dialogue with a specific bibliography. At first the existence of a common theme helped us we enter the universe of their daily lives and more directly from their yards, from where the knowledge related to medicinal plants have emerged as the tip of a ball, comprising memories and knowledge in around healing practices of shamanism and local mysticism, involving mainly the female figure we intend to address this during the discussion in this article.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os desafios de ser mulher consumidora no brasil: um estudo sobre as desigualdades nas relações de consumo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-26) RODRIGUES, Isabelle de Assunção; SOARES, Dennis Verbicaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961080231553419; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-3303
This research aims to discuss the inequalities, contradictions and discrimination suffered by Brazilian women in consumer relations, based on non-biological notions of gender. It seeks to highlight the challenges faced by consumers throughout their lives, from childhood to seniority; from analogue to digital consumption, which cause violations either in the patrimonial sphere or in the moral sphere of women. From traditional to innovative media, advertising campaigns involving women are historically seen as either hypersexualizing or stereotypical. In digital consumption, specifically, there is algorithmic discrimination, practiced especially in the face of women. Thus, the legal basis of equality and non-discrimination, as well as the concepts of “conduct harm” (LEAL, 2018) and “harmful state” (FONSECA, 2019), become fundamental for the understanding of Brazilian women as consumers. hypervulnerable, raising as some possible solutions the application of the theory of dialogue of sources as a way of making compatible the various existing normative instruments for the protection of women; the initiatives of the Government and, especially, the union of women through consumer associations. The methodology used, regarding the procedure, was the legal and transdisciplinary bibliographic research, in areas such as Sociology, Philosophy, Constitutional Law, Civil Liability, and, regarding the approach, the deductive method was used, starting from the premise that women are hypervulnerable or hypervulnerable, and inductive, using recent data and studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"É fácil ser cristão quando se vive bem como eles": educação, cultura e engajamento feminino em Angola. (1939 - 1970)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-08) PINHEIRO, Daélem Maria Rodrigues; LEAL, Luiz Augusto Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967678999713659
This paper aims to understand the political action of women in the process of independence of Angola, and the Methodist educational influence. Especially those who were part of the anti-colonial resistance. The analysis has as main objective to understand the Methodist Protestant missions in Angola and their performance in the development of formal education for girls, especially analyzing the performance of Deolinda Rodrigues during the period of anti-colonial struggles. The documentation used for the research was the Diary of an Exile without Return. Luanda: Nzila, 2003 by Deolinda Rodrigues the Statement of the Reverend Malcolm MoVeigh of Stanhope, New Jersey, missionary of the Methodist Church to Angola, Africa, 1558-1961 and the book "Colonial Angola photographed by Methodist missionaries", published by Paul. A. Blake. foundation Agostinho Neto, 2019. Access to the documents was made possible thanks to the use, as research methodology, the digital collections, essentially through the Tchiweka Association of Documentation (ATD); the Mario Soares Foundation and Memories of Africa and the West. The research was developed through the digital collections, according to Almeida (2011), the internet enables the "reduction in space" and the expansion of the historian in the research. The applied methodology is based on research on this theme. For this, we work with the following bibliography, OYEWÚMÍ (2021) will be the basis for analyzing the gender issue beyond the West, without homogenizing and understanding gender issues on the African continent, as a colonial social construct. Paredes (2010), analyzing the Methodist church and the MPLA movement through the writings of Deolinda Rodrigues, which the author makes an analysis of Deolinda's education through the church, her entry into the MPLA and the criticism reported by Deolinda Rodrigues in her personal diary. Whose results, consisted in the perception of understanding that formal education conducted by the Methodist missions was synonymous with greater educational possibilities for many Angolans who were fighting against Portuguese colonialism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Elas jogam, tocam e cantam”: práticas e discursos sobre a experiência histórica de mulheres capoeiristas no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-08) CAMÕES, Luciane de Sena; LEAL, Luiz Augusto Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967678999713659
This work aims to discuss the historical experiences of some women capoeiristas involving “vadiagem” practice in some cities of Pará, their experiences were analyzed from the speeches built about feminine and gender relations derived by these conceptions. Thus, we seek to frame capoeiristas women‟s profiles of some cities of Pará, to meet and discuss about their capoeira‟s experiences; to analyze the capoeiristas insertion‟s process in groups and their formations; to verify the significance of capoeira‟s group; to ponder about issues related to the feminine specificities, such as pregnancy, PMS and etc, also to ponder about capoeira expertise. From the data analysis, it intends to comprehend the capoeiristas trajectory, their experiences and also their capoeira’s groups‟ experiences and how these groups can contribute to those women‟s protagonism. The research is based on qualitative data analysis from semi-structures interviews, field diary and open questionnaire applied with 19 women from Pará (Belém, Abaetetuba, Bragança, Castanhal and Cametá), which the discussions are carried out from notes about gender, black feminism and capoeira. In the oral history, it is possible to search contributions from ethnography and from the theorists who make these reflections. According to the narratives obtained from the research, it was possible to realize that: women often experience situations where there is reproduction of male chauvinism, sexism and violence. The capoeiras‟ feminist groups are carrying out actions of feminine protagonism such as: feminist groups; workshops; conversation groups; public acts; and repudiation letters. It is possible to notice that women are moving forward in scales. However, the relations between men and women in capoeira stand very unequal, it is necessary to make a deconstruction about these speeches and practices. This research process may contribute for the development of a new dialogue about the women‟s participation in capoeira and, above all, a contribution to the protagonism, visibility and establishment of women‟s speech in capoeira, and contributing to the reflection about the women‟s participation in capoeira groups and problematizing the constructed practices, since they are important features to the position for the feminine figure in their places.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre os cheiros e garrafadas: o trabalho das vendedoras de cheiro nas feiras públicas de Belém-PA em 1830-1890
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SILVA, Lucielma Lobato
This versa article on the work performed by the sellers of herbs to scent bath production and therapeutic products called "potions" in Belém do Pará from 1830 to 1890, it aims to revamp, based on newspaper documents, minutes and decrees, ie the historiography concerning women who worked with herbs and therapeutic potions in public fairs of Bethlehem between years 1830 to 1890, during which great are newspaper reports of this occupation and its conflicting relations, and, so is able to make an important contribution to the urban history of this period in Belém do Pará. Thus, I seek to present as were developing these professional activities that confirm the presence of african nature of religions, or shamanism since the nineteenth century and took place as possible conflicts around this occupation in Bethlehem. In addition to analyzing the profession of ganhadeiras under an optical unlike many other views in various regions of Brazil and even in Pará, since most of the reference studies on ganhadeiras is to analyze proposal -Las on food bias, this research is given by the documentary eye on the meaning of work and the symbolization smelling bath products, herbal potions and herbs and propose a relationship between these sales and the presence of religions of African origin in Amazon or even own shamanism in the urban area, that is, in the Amazon metropolis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Escrituras indígenas de autoria de mulheres Potiguara (Brasil) e Mapuche (Chile)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-11) ALENCAR, Larissa Fontinele de; SARMENTO-PANTOJA, Tânia Maria Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3707451019100958; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-5679
In this dissertation I propose a study in the field of resistence literature on the writings written by the women from the Potiguara (Brazil) and Mapuche (Chile) native peoples. For this purpose, this research is structured as a great tessitura formed by threads and theoreticalmethodological lines whereby the basic epistemologies support, initially, on the process of brushing history against grain, thereby, tracing the (re)made literary plot made by indigenous women thread by thread. A priori, I realize that the literatures of indigenous authorship are resistence literatures and that the indigenous literary territory-body in connection with nature is done through words in defense, as well as it remains firm in its purpose and own ideologies, even with all the impositions and subjugations engendered by the hegemonic discourse perpetuazed by the colonizer. It’s also important to emphasize that the resistence literature is a field of literary theory that studies the literatures that emerge in contexts of authoritarianism, state of exception, barbaric situation, likewise in trauma situtations, or, even, thematize such psychologycal and socio-historical conditions. Therefore, this literature sub-area configures itself as a great potential to existence through resistence, thus forming a poetry rupture of “reexistence”. Seen in these terms, I consider that the Potiguara and Mapuche women’s writings are developed by words that transcend the resistence both gender and ethnic identity. This perspective is significant on the literary corpus of this research, and enables that the scope of the dissertation is done through the expression of the fractured body of the indigenous woman, which, consequently, in resistence, it tenses through the literary production, the memory, ancestry, gender issues, ethnic identity and subjective and collective relationships with the colonial trauma. From this point of view, the literary corpora of this research is composed of the texts by the Potiguara writers: Eliane Potiguara, Graça Graúna and Sulami Katy; of the Mapuche people the texts selected were by the writers: Graciela Huinao, Faumelisa Manquepillán and Daniela Catrileo. However, I reinforce that on this dissertation, there are also references to a considerable writing production created by other writers, including even some that belong to other ethnic groups. Thus, this is a bibliografic and qualitative research developed from a descreptive analytical approach and also done through the reading comprehension of the literary texts selected for it. For this purpose, after doing the literary copora analysis, I pursued to make text snatches that were consonant to the compression of poetic aspects of the indigenous writers’ texts, on the conception of an ancient escrevivência on the development of gender identity poetries and ethnic identities, besides a perspective of the indigenous view about the colonial traumas caused by the genocidal state. Finally, taking an overview about this research, I consider that one of the most significant contributions of this dissertation is on the combination of the resistence literature to indigenous literature, because it adds to this field another literary narrative from decolonial source that goes through bodies and texts that were excluded from literary studies for a longe time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de fatores socieconômicos na percepção de níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em atlestas de futebol feminino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-20) SOUZA, Edielen de Lima; PIRES, Daniel Alvarez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4487383675643868; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5606
Football is one of the most widespread sports in the world. The female audience is gaining greater relevance. Mental health is an integral dimension of athlete well-being and performance and cannot be separated from physical health. The effects of stress, anxiety and depression in athletes can be severe and disabling. The assessment and management of mental health in athletes should be accessible for early intervention and improvement of the quality of the sporting environment. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the influence of age, education and paid activity on the perception of levels of stress, anxiety and depression in female soccer players. Data collection took place during the Paraense Women's Football Championship with 89 athletes. The athletes answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Portuguese versions of the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 9.5.1 software. To correlate age, schooling and paid activity outside football with stress levels, the Fisher's exact test was used. To correlate age, education and paid activity outside of football with levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, Pearson's chi-square test was performed. The significance index used was p<0.05. Age and education showed no correlation with the perceptions of the psychological variables analyzed in this study. The presence of paid activity outside of soccer interfered only with the perception of moderate anxiety symptoms (p= 0.0471). When analyzing perceptions of stress, anxiety and depression in female soccer players, there is no difference in variability related to age and education. The presence of paid activity is a factor that deserves attention because it influences the perception of moderate anxiety in female soccer players, despite not interfering with the perceptions of stress and depression.
Desconhecido
A inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho sob o contexto capitalista nas regiões metropolitanas do brasil do período 2003 - 2014
(Grupo de Estudos em Economia Política e História Econômica, 2019-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; AIRES, Alana Paula de Araújo
From the historical point of view, especially since the seventies with the occurrence of worldwide social movements around the world, the culture of society has also been changed. The female gender has gained more space in the labor market and, consequently, increasing its level of education, well-being and schooling. However, they still suffer from the inequality of wages and from being a minority in positions that require a greater degree of education. In these terms, the present article seeks to analyze why even with so many advances in the economic and social sphere this phenomenon persists in contemporary capitalism. In addition, this study analyzed the relevance of female participation in the labor market, especially its economic representation from the point of view of contemporary capitalism. For this work, the descriptive-exploratory method was used, using secondary IBGE data. It has been realized, therefore, that from a joint action between the State and organized civil society one can achieve positive results.
Desconhecido
Memórias das esquinas: as trajetórias de prostitutas na batalha pelo bairro da Campina, Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-29) SOUSA, Silvia Lilia Silva; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
In this paper i will look at prostitution in the urban context of Belem, specifically in the Campina neighbourhood, central area of the city of Belém / PA, where bohemia and prostitution in the capital predominated between the 19th and 20th centuries. In this district, the famous zone of the meretrício was built in 1921, also known as“quadrilátero do amor”, that was closed in the 1970s by the military government, and remained so throughout that decade. Starting from the studies of urban anthropology in interlocution with gender studies, I propose in this dissertation to understand the relationship between female prostitutes and the Campina neighborhood, taking into account their trajectories, memories and struggles. Thus, I perceive that among the street corners, nightclubs and small hotels, emerge stories that exist in the memories of these women; narratives that allow the reflection of different interpretations regarding the city. Therefore, they reference other forms of exercising sociability and experiencing the city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Merecedoras das páginas da história": memórias e representações da vida e da morte femininas (Belém, séculos XIX e XX)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) LACERDA, Franciane Gama
This paper discusses the many meanings given to the deaths of two poor women in Belém do Pará (Brazil). These women were killed at different times and had the story of their lives and deaths evoked by writers, scholars and the media, as an example to be followed by other women, revealing ideals of fidelity, marriage, family. If in modern days the strength of these stories still emerges with different meanings, the past was not different, indicating the many meanings given to their lives and deaths.
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As mulheres da resistência e megaprojetos na Amazônia: comunicação, território e luta em Barcarena (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) SILVA, Leonardo de Souza; COSTA, Vânia Maria Torres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7517564393392394; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-8763
The ideology of modernity present in Latin America is an ontology created by European governments, whose pillars were built on racism and patriarchy. This legacy has entered through our veins and is present in the Brazilian Amazon through mega-mining projects, the main contemporary examples of modernity planned by Westerners, experts in the commercialization of nature. Based on the absence of dialogue and in line with history, the activity promotes inequality among minorities such as women. Mega-projects have implications on women's lives, and considering this scenario, we propose to investigate and reach narratives of women who are part of this reality. Based on ethnographies and themed-content analysis, we researched the life stories, the impacts of mining, and the fights of three female leaders from Barcarena (PA) against the mega-projects. We analyze their memories and narratives on the mineralization of the territory, their knowledge, and the paths adopted to resist. We also highlight the use of WhatsApp as the main interactive device for organization and mobilization of the fights. This research aims to resonate the narratives of these historically invisibilized characters, judged and presented as devoid of political agency in the mineralized territory, but who use their voices, body, unity, and hope to resist, denying what is established and fighting for rights.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres descolonizando a Amazônia pelos caminhos de vida: Produção de subjetividades atravessadas pelo projeto de nação desenvolvimentista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-10) CASTRO, Brenda Thainá Cardoso de; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216
Subjectivities constantly challenge the nation project when confronting developmental policies that adopt values and ways of life that are different from their own. In view of this, some contexts, such as the case of the Amazon, allow us to perceive how the production of subjectivities occurs in dynamics with capitalism and the State, specifically in the years of political crisis experienced in Brazil since mid2014 and 2015, going through impeachment from President Dilma Rousseff until the rise of the farright government of Jair Bolsonaro. The present study is then designed in this scenario to think from the life paths of women living in Tapajós, how they relate to the nation project under the developmental sign that historically projects the future of the nation in the Amazon through logic of expropriation and exploitation. The study was carried out through field research developed over recurring trips from 2017 to 2019, connecting them to macropolitical developments in the period and the reality in three different locations: the village of AlterdoChão, Santarém; the Jamaraquá community, in the Tapajós National Forest; and the community of Coroca, on the Arapiuns River, part of the Lago Grande Agroextractive Settlement Project. In addition to the experience and daily conversations during the visits, 11 interviews were conducted with women who live in the three locations, of different ages, to think about the process of producing subjectivities. In this context, we started with references from postcolonial and decolonial studies, as well as schizoanalysis, to identify the effects of coloniality on contemporary structures and relationships, both on subjects and subjects, but also on institutions and regions, such as the Amazon. , built in the social imaginary as a gendered and racialized place, which historically is in line with a vision of a developmental project for Brazil. And that, for women, this process will involve peculiarities based on the coloniality of gender, which also crosses relations of race, class and place of origin / belonging. It was realized that subjectivities can both be compatible with the values that serve capitalist and state interests, but they can also be incompatible, leading to a rupture and the singularization of these subjectivities. Equally, it was also noticed that there is a possibility of crossing, in which a rupture is sought, but due to the structural and systematic limitations, displacement is a tool found to meet one's needs, coexist within a capitalist society and still produce desires even if involved in modern / colonial logic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres, saberes práticos, relações de gênero e a floresta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06) SILVA, Rubens Elias da; BONFIM, Fernanda da Silva; SOUZA, Rogério Ribeiro de
This work investigates the role of women collectors of seeds in the construction of practical knowledge with demarche gender relations as a nodal point for the elaboration of this knowledge in inspite of sexual and social divisions of work. The locus of the research is the Maguari community, located inside of National Tapajós Forest, Belterra, Western of Pará. The collectors of seed play the role of learning, to master n and use the resources available in the forest. This role is effectivated in knowledge across generations. Therefore the close contact with the same wedge the identity of the social group and gives them the sense of being and existence. The community forest land area according to our observations are made through social relationships between foresters and collectors of seeds. This association to the work of collectors becomes effective and can provide the capital injection required for social production, and also ensures the permanence of populations living within the forest. From what has been observed in the fieldwork is the existing differences in gender relations that emerge in the possible work tasks within the forest hatching in efficient social cooperation strategies between genders, reflecting discussions about echofeminism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Raspadeiras de mandioca: a mulher na produção da farinha de mandioca, na Vila de São Jorge / Igarapé-Açú / PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-21) RABELO, Simone Conceição de Moura; FERNANDES, José Guilherme dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7023812449790431; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-4961
This paper is the result of research on women in the traditional production of manioc flour, with emphasis on the scraping of cassava, an activity carried out primarily by women. The singularity of the role of these women who live this experience aroused the interest to investigate this theme. This is a qualitative study (MINAYO, 2001), guided by field research (LAKATOS; MARCONI, 2003). Investigation mobilized by the following question: What is the importance and relevance of the role of women cassava scrapers in the exercise of their skills and knowledge? We have as a general objective: to investigate the work of women scrapers of cassava in Vila de São Jorge, Igarapé-Açu - Pará, identifying their profile; working conditions; the implications and inferences of the work of these subjects in the community. We dialogued with concepts and authors such as: Decoloniality (MIGNOLO, 2017), Woman (BEAUVOIR, 1967), Anthropy (FERNANDES; RAMOS, 2020). Our locus is the Vila de São Jorge, municipality of Igarapé-Açú, Northeast Paraense. The production of data was carried out via the following instruments: semi-structured interviews based on life stories, field notebook, visits to the production spaces, and image records. Six (6) women were interviewed, between 21 and 60 years old, based on the following criteria: being a woman manioc scraper, having this activity as the main source of income. The result of the investigation points to the expansion of the academic debate on knowledge and traditional practices, elucidating the relationships established in the production space, the protagonism, the resistance of women in their trade. The urgent need for public policies aimed at this female audience, especially for cassava scrapers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Representações de mulheres gordas em quadrinhos de autoria feminina da/na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-29) GILLET, Fabiana Oliveira; SANTOS, Luiz Cezar Silva dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2449524316115443
characters. It seeks to understand which are the representations of fat female characters on webcomics made by women authorship from Amazon, if there are those representations and which are the readings of those artists about fat bodies, as artists, drawers, and women, and if there are comic artists who identify as fat women. The relevance of the discussions involving the studies of the fat body in Brazil is highlighted, as research are still under development in the Social and Communication Sciences. It is considered that social representations in hegemonic media products play a fundamental role in the conception and maintenance of social models constitutive of the imaginary, ordering what will be accepted or repressed in society. Thus, it is important to emphasize that comics, as media, are vectors of speeches and stereotyped representations (BOFF, 2014; EISNER, 2005; THENSUAN, 2020), creating and strengthening social stigmas as in the case of fatphobia (ARRUDA, 2021, JIMENEZ, 2020). Therefore, this study aligns the idea that the media bios (SODRÉ, 2002) develops fatphobia, which highlights the importance of an approach from the perspective of communication science (ARRUDA, 2021). We intend to contribute to the research and debate on communication as a vector for maintenance or transformation of models, stereotypes and social stigmas; reflecting on fatphobia and the field of studies on gender and comics. In order to analyze the representation of characters and the production of meanings about fat corporality in webcomics produced by female comics authors from Amazon, we seek to identify fat characters in webcomics and illustrations of female artists from Brazilian Amazon region; dialogue with comics authors through semi-structured interviews (DUARTE, 2005; GASKELL, 2002) about the representation of fat women in webcomics; to analyze the meanings apprehended about fat corporality in the data collected from the analysis of the images (JOLY, 2007) of the illustrations and webcomics; and to discuss the representations of the female fat body and the senses produced and apprehended by these representations. We conclude that the senses seized in the representations present convergences with the discourses of acceptance and self-love diffused by the hegemonic media based on the body positive movement in line with the biosociabilities of consumption of the plus size industry (AIRES, 2019), generating resignifications in the regimes of visibility of the fat body, creating positive stereotypes, with invisibilities of larger fat bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resistências malungas: agências sociopolíticas de mulheres quilombolas em Salvaterra, Arquipélago do Marajó - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-16) SOUSA, Maria Páscoa Sarmento de; MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth Acevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
New ethnic groups are a reality in contemporary Marajo, revealing themselves with particular emphasis in the first decades of the 21st century when human groups made up mostly of black people began to claim the quilombola ethnopolitical identity in this place. In this work, we support the premise that this century's aquilombamentos are imbricated in women's agencies, since we were and are the main articulators of actions within the quilombola movement in this region, since 1998. Here, I strive to understand, through Afrocentricity and from a feminist anthropological perspective (Afrodiasporic feminism), the socio-political agencies of women in contemporary aquilombamento processes in the municipality of Salvaterra, in an attempt to locate the place of the feminine in the field of politics in contemporary ethnic societies, spaces where identity is an eminently political and embodied phenomenon (body-politics) and where people perceive themselves as subjects of rights based on confrontations with the state, other institutions and other individuals. In this way, I introduce central issues such as the displacement of the individualized being to the collective being, proper to existence and political experience through an exercise in autoethnographic writing that is a reflection of personal and collective experiences with 21 other women, co-authors, and agents of the research, within an ethnic movement situated in a system of domination whose foundations are racism, patriarchy, male chauvinism, heterosexism, and capitalism. This research is part of Black Studies, Africana Studies, or Africalogy as a scientific field whose theoretical basis is Afrocentricity or the Afrocentric Paradigm, a broad field of study built by the work of diverse African intellectuals located in different latitudes of the globe and at different times, from Africa, through the Americas, the Caribbean to Europe. It constitutes the place of enunciation of a new way of thinking about Africa and Africans on the continent and their descendants in the Transatlantic Black Diaspora, refocusing them as agents of history. This research is also affiliated with critical feminist theory and is guided by the theoretical-practical propositions of Afrodiasporic Feminism, which was created in the various places where black and non-white women are situated in projects of subjectivation, insurgency, and enunciation in the face of systems of oppression that intersect our existences in the world, with a special focus on the interrelations between gender, race/ethnicity and social class and location, seen not only as hierarchical systems of oppression, but as intersectionalities that structure 'places' where black women are forced to live and remain. These autoethnographic writings required delving into my personal experiences as a black quilombola woman, as an Amazonian quilombola, as an activist in the black and Afro-feminist movements, but they also involved immersing myself in collective experiences shared with those who are my other quilombola bros and sisters, in order to understand our social and political agencies in the places where we belong. I conclude that there is a malunga agency, meaning the diverse forms of action articulated by us quilombola women over more than 20 years of quilombola movement in Salvaterra, an agency that is counter-colonial, insurgent and challenging, but which is mediated by the meanings of Ubuntu materialized in solidarity, sharing, cooperation, in short, permeated by Love.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sexualidade de mulheres vivendo com AIDS: contribuições da psicanálise
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) FLEXA, Jucélia Pereira; CECCARELLI, Paulo Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6109293223271452; MOREIRA, Ana Cleide Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9245673017553186
The feminization of HIV/aids is a reality in Brazil, according to the Health Ministry's epidemiological data. This work is based on the psychoanalysis referential and presents the case study of Larissa, outpatient at the ambulatory for Specialized Assistance in HIV/aids of the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto. The starting point was the hypothesis that women living with HIV/aids may present subjective consequences before a traumatic diagnosis associated with taboos such as death and sexuality. For Larissa having aids meant rejection, discrimination and abandonment by her partner and parents. On her visits she expressed her concern with how to tell her boyfriend about the virus, fearing an aggressive reaction, talked about her childhood and an adolescence of conflicts with her parents, her father's aggression and complained about her mother, mainly for her not having said anything related to sexuality. In her romantic relationships with men and problems with the law, one might think, according to psychoanalytic theory, that her helplessness may have lead her to masochism. Larissa's ideal of love with these partners points to aspects of a romantic love, in which she expected to find protection and trust. Furthermore, this research also highlights the presence of uneasiness between mothers and daughters realted to talks pertaining to sexuality, the body and female desire, that is, the absence of sexual education which in Larissa's case, left her at the mercy of her partners, without resources to protect herself from diseases such as aids and teenage pregnancy. Larissa's account is in line with those of other female patients living with HIV, investigated in this research, and can serve as a warning to the problem presented on the Brazilian Epidemiological Bulletin of 2012's data, where the incidence of cases of HIV infection in young people from 13 to 19 years is increasing, women being the majority. For Larissa, being able to talk about her sexuality at the clinic, allowed her to find the meanings of the traumatic aspects experienced in her childhood and adolescence, to face her internal conflicts and her sense of helplessness, to think about her relationship with her mother and her daughters and, finally, to say she was "learning to be a woman", which, for her, meant being "more prepared" for life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sexualidade e ideal de feminilidade: contribuições para o debate
(Círculo Brasileiro de Psicanálise, 2018-06) MOREIRA, Ana Cleide Guedes; VIEIRA, Milla Maria de Carvalho Dias; CECCARELLI, Paulo Roberto
In this article we investigate the relationship between the ideal of femininity, female sexuality and women infection by HIV. Sociocultural ideals are responsible for defining what it is to be feminine and masculine in our culture, conceivingnormality patterns that constitute subjectivity. In the eighteenth century a new femininity modelhas emerged, still in force, whose main author was Jean Jacques Rousseau. In this ideal, women should be passive to men’s desires and needs, would be destined to a single social place - the home - and motherhood, not being able to perform other social functions. In this paper we analyze the problem of HIV infection in women,using the testimony of one of the documentary “Positives” participants. It is necessary to demonstrate the hypothesis that women identified to the mentioned ideal of femininity can not negotiate with their partner the use of the condom in sexual relations, since while submissive to the other person’s desire, they do not place themselves as subjects of their own’s.