Artigos Científicos - ICB

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
3º Consenso Brasileiro para pesquisa de autoanticorpos em células HEp-2 (FAN): recomendações para padronização do ensaio de pesquisa de autoanticorpos em células HEp-2, controle de qualidade e associações clínicas
(2009-04) DELLAVANCE, Alessandra; GABRIEL JÚNIOR, Alexandre; NUCCITELLI, Barbara; TALIBERTI, Ben-Hur Braga; VON MÜHLEN, Carlos Alberto; BICHARA, Carlos David Araújo; SANTOS, Cláudio Henrique Ramos dos; BUENO, Cleonice; YANO, Cristiane Martinez; MANGUEIRA, Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira; CARVALHO, Darlene Gonçalves; CARDOSO, Elizângela; BONFÁ, Eloísa Silva Dutra de Oliveira; ARAÚJO, Flávia Ikeda e; RASSI, Gustavo Gabriel; MUNDIM, Hugo Mendonça; BENDET, Izidro; RÊGO, Jozelia; VIEIRA, Lisiane Maria Enriconi dos Anjos; ANDRADE, Luis Eduardo Coelho; BARBOSA, Maria Ordália Ferro; SUGIYAMA, Mitiko; SANTIAGO, Mittermayer Barreto; BARRETO, Natasha Slhessarenko Fraife; SILVA, Nilzio Antônio da; FRANCESCANTONIO, Paulo Luiz Carvalho; JARACH, Renata; SUDA, Roberto; LEVY, Roger Abramino; SAMPAIO, Silvia Oliveira; NEVES, Suzane Pretti Figueiredo; CRUVINEL, Wilson de Melo; SANTOS, Wilton Silva dos; NÓBREGA, Yanna Karla de Medeiros
The Third Brazilian Consensus for autoantibodies Screening in HEp-2 cells had as purpose the evaluation of difficulties in the accomplishment of the 2nd Consensus recommendations that took place in the year of 2002, the discussion of strategies for quality control of the assay and the promotion of an update of the clinical associations of the several immunofluorescent patterns. METHODS:Several ANA experts from university centers and private laboratories in different areas in Brazil joined the workshop in Goiânia on 2008 April 13 and 14 with the purpose of discussing and approving the recommendations for standardization, interpretation and use of the test by physicians. Commercial representatives of different ANA slide brands were also invited as listeners to the workshop. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The 3rd Consensus emphasized the need for quality control in indirect immunofluorescent since there is a considerable heterogeneity of available microscopes and reagents. It also promoted adaptations in the previously approved terminology used to classify the different patterns and finally updated the clinical associations of the several patterns with the purpose of providing guidance for interpretation of the assay by clinical pathologists and assistant physicians.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Palaemonidae) in the Amazon estuary, north of Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) CAVALCANTE, Danielle Viveiros; SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto
Macrobrachium surinamicum is a small shrimp that inhabits rivers of low salinity. It is mainly caught as bycatch in Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum fisheries, which is widely exploited by artisanal fisheries for food and economic needs of the riverside population. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the freshwater shrimp M. surinamicum in the Guajará Bay and on Mosqueiro Island, correlating the abundance of this species with abiotic factors (temperature and salinity). Samples were taken from May 2006 to April 2007 in six locations: Mosqueiro Island (Furo das Marinhas and Porto do Pelé); Icoaraci district; Arapiranga Island, edge of the city of Belém; and Combu Island, using traps named 'matapis'. A total of 361 shrimps were caught. The abundance was higher in December and lower in July 2006. The biggest catch occurred on Arapiranga Island and the lowest on Mosqueiro Island. The abundance differed significantly in December 2006 and no variable studied had significant influence on M. surinamicum abundance. In Guajará Bay, particularly the more sheltered places, as Arapiranga and Combu islands, favor the development of M. surinamicum, indicating that this species has preference for less disturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acanthocephala Larvae parasitizing Ameiva ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Teiidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03) MACEDO, Lilian Cristina; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; GIESE, Elane Guerreiro; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos
Knowledge concerning the taxonomy and biology of species of Acanthocephala, helminth parasites of the helminth species of the phylum Acanthocephala, parasites of lizards in Brazilian Amazonia, is still insufficient, but reports of Acanthocephala in reptiles are becoming increasingly common in the literature. Cystacanth-stage Acanthocephalan larvae have been found in the visceral peritoneum during necropsy of Ameiva ameiva ameivalizards from the “Osvaldo Rodrigues da Cunha” Herpetology Collection of the Emílio Goeldi Museum, Belém, Pará, Brazil. The aim of this study was to present the morphological study of the Acanthocephala larvae found in A. ameiva ameiva lizard.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acute chagas disease in the state of Pará, amazon region: is it increasing?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05) SANTOS, Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos; SAVINO, Wilson; ANDRADE, Jorge Alberto Azevedo; VIEIRA, José Ricardo dos Santos; COURA, José Rodrigues; JUNQUEIRA, Angela Cristina Verissimo; MEIS, Juliana de
Acute Chagas disease (ACD) has a distinct epidemiological profile in the Amazon Region, with cases and outbreaks of Trypanosoma cruzi infection being possibly related to the ingestion of contaminated food. Data on ACD in the state of Pará retrieved from 2000 to 2016 from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were evaluated. During this period, 2,030 of the 16,807 reported cases were confirmed, with a higher incidence between the months of August and December, thus characterising a seasonal pattern of acute infection, and coinciding with the higher production of “açaí”, one fruit likely involved in the oral transmission of the disease. Evaluation of the absolute numbers of confirmed ACD cases secondary to oral infection suggests that infection through this route increased during the 2010-2016 period, differing from what was recorded in terms of vectorial or other infection routes. These findings point to the need of intensifying strategies to prevent or substantially reduce oral transmission.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of in vitro prolactin secretion from the rat anterior pituitary
(2006-11) DINIZ, Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanço; VALENÇA, Marcelo Moraes; RODRIGUES, José Antunes
In previous studies, we demonstrated biphasic purinergic effects on prolactin (PRL) secretion stimulated by an adenosine A2 agonist. In the present study, we investigated the role of the activation of adenosine A1 receptors by (R)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) at the pituitary level in in vitro PRL secretion. Hemipituitaries (one per cuvette in five replicates) from adult male rats were incubated. Administration of R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM) induced a reduction of PRL secretion into the medium in a U-shaped dose-response curve. The maximal reduction was obtained with 0.1 µM R-PIA (mean ± SEM, 36.01 ± 5.53 ng/mg tissue weight (t.w.)) treatment compared to control (264.56 ± 15.46 ng/mg t.w.). R-PIA inhibition (0.01 µM = 141.97 ± 15.79 vs control = 244.77 ± 13.79 ng/mg t.w.) of PRL release was blocked by 1 µM cyclopentyltheophylline, a specific A1 receptor antagonist (1 µM = 212.360 ± 26.560 ng/mg t.w.), whereas cyclopentyltheophylline alone (0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) had no effect. R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) produced inhibition of PRL secretion stimulated by both phospholipase C (0.5 IU/mL; 977.44 ± 76.17 ng/mg t.w.) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM; 415.93 ± 37.66 ng/mg t.w.) with nadir established at the dose of 0.1 µM (225.55 ± 71.42 and 201.9 ± 19.08 ng/mg t.w., respectively). Similarly, R-PIA (0.01 µM) decreased (242.00 ± 24.00 ng/mg t.w.) the PRL secretion stimulated by cholera toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 1050.00 ± 70.00 ng/mg t.w.). In contrast, R-PIA had no effect (468.00 ± 34.00 ng/mg t.w.) on PRL secretion stimulation by pertussis toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 430.00 ± 26.00 ng/mg t.w.). These results suggest that inhibition of PRL secretion after A1 receptor activation by R-PIA is mediated by a Gi protein-dependent mechanism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Allele frequency distributions of six hypervariable loci (D1S80, APOB, D4S43, vW1, F13A and DYS19) in two African-Brazilian communities from the Amazon region
(2003) VALLINOTO, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres; VALLINOTO, Antonio Carlos Rosário; VALENTE, Cristina Maria Duarte; GUERREIRO, João Farias
The allele frequency distributions of three VNTR (D1S80, APOB and D4S43) and three STR (vW1, F13A1 and DYS19) loci were investigated in two Afro-Brazilian populations from the Amazon: Curiau and Pacoval. Exact tests for population differentiation revealed significant differences in allele frequency between populations only for the D1S80 and APOB loci. A statistically significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed only in the D1S80 locus of the Pacoval sample. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on DA genetic distances of allele frequencies in four Afro-Brazilian populations from the Amazon (Pacoval, Curiau, Trombetas, and Cametá), along with those from Congo, Cameroon, Brazilian Amerindians, and Europeans. This analysis revealed the usefulness of these Amp-FLPs for population studies - African and African-derived populations were closely grouped, and clearly separated from Amerindians and Europeans. Estimates of admixture components based on the gene identity method revealed the prevalence of the African component in both populations studied, amounting to 51% in Pacoval, and to 43% in Curiau. The Amerindian component was also important in both populations (37% in Pacoval, and 24% in Curiau). The European component reached 33% in Curiau.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Allelic frequencies and statistical data obtained from 12 codis STR loci in an admixed population of the Brazilian Amazon
(2011) FRANCEZ, Pablo Abdon da Costa; RODRIGUES, Elzemar Martins Ribeiro; FRAZÃO, Gleycianne Furtado; BORGES, Nathalia Danielly dos Reis; SANTOS, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos
The allelic frequencies of 12 short tandem repeat loci were obtained from a sample of 307 unrelated individuals living in Macapá, a city in the northern Amazon region, Brazil. These loci are the most commonly used in forensics and paternity testing. Based on the allele frequency obtained for the population of Macapá, we estimated an interethnic admixture for the three parental groups (European, Native American and African) of, respectively, 46%, 35% and 19%. Comparing these allele frequencies with those of other Brazilian populations and of the Iberian Peninsula population, no significant distances were observed. The interpopulation genetic distances (FST coefficients) to the present database ranged from FST = 0.0016 between Macapá and Belém to FST = 0.0036 between Macapá and the Iberian Peninsula.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações clínicolaboratoriais em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax e deficiência de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase tratados com 0,50mg/kg/dia de primaquina
(2004-06) SILVA, Mônica Cristina de Moraes; SANTOS, Eliane Barbosa; COSTA, Elenild de Góes; SILVA FILHO, Manoel Gomes da; GUERREIRO, João Farias; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins
The adverse effects of primaquine (0.50mg/kg/day) were investigated in eleven patients with vivax malaria (three patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency). Clinical and laboratorial alterations indicated acute hemolysis in only the enzymopenic patients and treatment was interrupted. Our results suggest that screening for G6PD deficiency should be carried out in patients with vivax malaria infection in order to avoid complications due to primaquine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional de Pau-Rosa, Amazonas, Brazil: an important protected area at the heart of Amazonia
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2017-09) FERREIRA, Gisele Cassundé; STURARO, Marcelo José; PELOSO, Pedro Luiz Vieira Del
Amazonia harbors the largest and most diverse tropical forest in the world, but knowledge about the species diversity of the region is still far from ideal. Given this low level of faunal and floral knowledge, we present an annotated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles found in Floresta Nacional do Pau-Rosa (FNPR), along the Rio Paraconi, municipality of Maués, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Herpetofauna of the FNPR was sampled with pitfall traps, active search and occasional encounters from February 18 to March 28, 2009. A total of 270 specimens were collected, representing 39 species of amphibians and 24 species of reptiles. At least seven of the species collected at FNPR represented, at the time, unnamed taxa (four of which have now been named). The number of taxa collected and the high number of unnamed taxa highlight the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a priority for conservation. We also discuss about the amphibian diversity in Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
An anatomopathological study of hepatic coccidiosis (Calyptospora sp.) in the Acará-pixuna, Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 1984 from the Brazilian state of Pará
(2013-02) VIDEIRA, Marcela Nunes; SILVA, Michele Velasco Oliveira da; TORTELLY, Rogério; MENEZES, Rodrigo Caldas; SÃO CLEMENTE, Sérgio Carmona de; MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues
The present study focuses on the anatomopathological alterations provoked by parasitism by Calyptospora sp. in 40 specimens of Aequidens plagiozonatus collected in Pará, Brazil. Examinations of the fresh material by compression of the hepatopancreas and histological sections showed immature forms and oocysts characteristic of the genus Calyptospora, in addition to a large quantity of melanomacrophagic centers spread throughout the organ. No significant inflammation of the hepatic tissue was observed. The melanomacrophagic centers and the compression of the hepatocytes are part of the response of the host to the parasite. This study represents the first record of parasitism by Calyptospora in A. plagiozonatus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
An estimate of the potential number of mayfly species (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) still to be described in Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07) MATOS, Mylena Neves Cardoso; FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; NABOUT, João Carlos; JUEN, Leandro
This study reviewed the data on the Brazilian Ephemeroptera, based on the studies published before July, 2013, estimated the number of species still to be described, and identified which regions of the country have been the subject of least research. More than half the species are known from the description of only one developmental stage, with imagoes being described more frequently than nymphs. The Brazilian Northeast is the region with the weakest database. Body size affected description rates, with a strong tendency for the larger species to be described first. The estimated number of unknown Brazilian species was accentuated by the fact that so few species have been described so far. The steep slope of the asymptote and the considerable confidence interval of the estimate reinforce the conclusion that a large number of species are still to be described. This emphasizes the need for investments in the training of specialists in systematics and ecology for all regions of Brazil to correct these deficiencies, given the role of published papers as a primary source of information, and the fundamental importance of taxonomic knowledge for the development of effective measures for the conservation of ephemeropteran and the aquatic ecosystems they depend on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise crítica dos achados hematológicos e sorológicos de pacientes com suspeita de Dengue
(2008-10) BARROS, Lilian Patrícia Souza; IGAWA, Sônia E. S.; JOCUNDO, Susana Y.; BRITO JUNIOR, Lacy Cardoso de
The increase in the number of more serious forms of dengue fever among cases in the city of Belém, Brazil has astounded local authorities. The objective of this study was to conduct a critical analysis of hematologic and serologic findings of patients with clinical suspicion of dengue seen at a clinical laboratory in Belém in Pará State. This retrospective study involved 210 patients who were referred to the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology Dr. Paulo C. Azevedo in Belém, in the period of February and March of 2007, with requests for a complete blood count and serological test for IgM to confirm the diagnosis of dengue. Of the cases studied, 51/210 (24.3%) presented with thrombocytopenia and 53/210 (25.2%) leukopenia. The serologic test for IgM was positive in 47.1% (99/210) of cases. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed only among patients who presented with thrombocytopenia (33/99) and positive serology for dengue, suggesting that the hematological alterations of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, frequently associated with this illness, may not be present at the beginning of the infection. It is therefore essential to carry out a serologic test for IgM to confirm a diagnosis of dengue.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anatomia da glândula nodal em Moutabea chodatiana Huber e Securidaca bialata Benth. (Polygalaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12) COSTA, Christiane Silva da; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; FLORES, Andréia Silva; SIMÕES, André Olmos
Despite the common occurrence and taxonomic value of nodal glands in Polygalaceae, little is known about the anatomy and ontogeny of these organs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the origin and structure of nodal glands in representatives of two genera of Polygalaceae: Securidaca L. and Moutabea Aubl. Samples from the fourth node were taken, fixed and processed for analysis under light and scanning electron microscopy, according to conventional techniques in plant anatomy. Our results show that, regardless their size and shape, glands from all analyzed taxa have a similar stipular origin, being connected to the leaf trace, and confirming previous studies on the foliar nature of these structures in the family.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anatomia foliar de cinco espécies de Polygala de restinga e cerrado
(2012-06) DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; YAMAMOTO, Kikyo; CASTRO, Marília de Moraes
The ecological plasticity observed in plants that inhabit different vegetation formations is often accompanied by morphological variations, the leaf being the vegetative organ with the greatest structural variation. In view of this concept, the leaf anatomy of five species of Polygala L. occurring in restinga (sandy coastal plain) and cerrado (savanna) areas in the state of São Paulo were analyzed in order to inventory their principal characters and describe their leaf structure, to thus compare them and assess the possibility of verifying structural patterns common to the ecological conditions of both vegetation formations. The species studied were: P. cyparissias A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. laureola A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. paniculata L. found in restinga, and P. angulata DC. and P. violacea Aubl. emend. Marques occurring in campo cerrado and cerradão margin areas, respectively. The middle region of the leaf blade and petiole proximal region of each leaf were processed following the usual techniques for scanning electron and light microscopy. The results show two structural patterns common to the species from the restinga and cerrado area formations: mesomorphic characteristics are observed in P. laureola, P. paniculata, and P. violacea, and xeromorphic in P. cyparissias and P. angulata.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anatomia foliar de cinco espécies de Polygala de restinga e cerrado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; YAMAMOTO, Kikyo; CASTRO, Marília de Moraes
The ecological plasticity observed in plants that inhabit different vegetation formations is often accompanied by morphological variations, the leaf being the vegetative organ with the greatest structural variation. In view of this concept, the leaf anatomy of five species of Polygala L. occurring in restinga (sandy coastal plain) and cerrado (savanna) areas in the state of São Paulo were analyzed in order to inventory their principal characters and describe their leaf structure, to thus compare them and assess the possibility of verifying structural patterns common to the ecological conditions of both vegetation formations. The species studied were: P. cyparissias A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. laureola A.St.-Hil. & Moq., P. paniculata L. found in restinga, and P. angulata DC. and P. violacea Aubl. emend. Marques occurring in campo cerrado and cerradão margin areas, respectively. The middle region of the leaf blade and petiole proximal region of each leaf were processed following the usual techniques for scanning electron and light microscopy. The results show two structural patterns common to the species from the restinga and cerrado area formations: mesomorphic characteristics are observed in P. laureola, P. paniculata, and P. violacea, and xeromorphic in P. cyparissias and P. angulata.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anatomical and histological characteristics of teeth in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)
(2013-12) SILVA, Daiane Claydes Baia da; FAGUNDES, Nathália Carolina Fernandes; TEIXEIRA, Francisco Bruno; PENHA, Nelson Elias Abrahão da; SANTANA, Luana de Nazaré da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues
The agouti species Dasyprocta prymnolopha (D. prymnolopha) is a medium-sized rodent, diurnal, and characteristic of northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon. Several studies have been made on these rodents. However, there is a lack of analysis of masticatory system, in particular morphology of the teeth. Thus, this research seeks to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the agouti teeth. For this purpose, we used adult agouti, in which measurements and descriptions of teeth and dental tissues were made. It was observed that the dental arch of D. prymnolopha comprises of twenty teeth, evenly distributed in the upper and lower arch, being inferior teeth larger than their corresponding higher. The incisors are larger, and between the posterior premolars and molars, there is a gradual increase in length in the anterior-posterior arch. In microscopic examination, a prismatic appearance was observed consisting of enamel prisms arranged in different directions, behind the enamel and dentin with standard tubular dentinal tubules with variable diameter and far between, also showing a sinuous path from the inner portion to the junction with more superficial enamel. Morphological analysis of dental tissues showed that an enamel with structural organization adapted to the act of chewing and high impact dentin compatible with standard tubular function resilience and mechanical damping of masticatory forces, as found in larger animals, confirming the understanding of eating habits that define much of its ecological functions within the ecosystem they inhabit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) criadas no estado do Pará
(2010-05) SILVA, Sandro Patroca da; MOTA, Rinaldo Aparecido; CAVALCANTI, Erika Fernanda Torres Samico; SOUZA NETO, Orestes Luis de; ALBUQUERQUE, Pedro Paulo Feitosa de; DIAS, Hilma Lúcia Tavares; FARIA, Eduardo Bento de
To investigate the occurrence of antibodies IgG anti-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii, blood samples were collected from 374 adult female water buffaloes originated from 14 production units located in 13 counties of the state of Pará. The sera were subjected to indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), using titers of 200 and 64 as IFA cut off points for N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Hundred and fifty three (40.9%) buffaloes were sero-positive for N. caninum, with 100% of the properties being sources of infection. Four buffaloes (1.1%) in four farms were seropositive for T. gondii, and one buffalo cow (0.27%) was seropositive for the two parasites. The presence of antibodies indicates that these protozoan parasites are circulating among buffaloes from the properties studied, representing a source of infection to other animals, as well as a possible cause of reproductive disorders in this species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10) BASTOS, Flávia Corrêa; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito
Introduction: Shigella spp. are gram-negative, nonsporulating, rod-shaped bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are responsible for shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Methods: We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles of 122 Shigella spp. strains (81 S. flexneri, 41 S. sonnei, 1 S. boydii) isolated from patients (female and male from 0 to 80 years of age) presenting diarrhea in different districts of the State of Pará, in the North of Brazil. The antibiotic resistance of the strains, isolated from human fecal samples, was determined by the diffusion disk method and by using the VITEK-2 system. Results: The highest resistance rate found was the resistance rate to tetracycline (93.8%), followed by the resistance rate to chloramphenicol (63.9%) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (63.1%). Resistance to at least three drugs was more common among S. flexneri than S. sonnei (39.5% vs. 10%). Six (4.9%) strains were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: High rates of multidrug resistance in Shigella spp. are a serious public health concern in Brazil. It is extremely important to continuously monitor the antimicrobial resistances of Shigella spp. for effective therapy and control measures against shigellosis
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Application of the comet assay in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces): a methodological comparison
(2009) CHRISTOFOLETTI, Cintya Aparecida; DAVID, José Augusto de Oliveira; FONTANETTI, Carmem Silvia
The present study applied the comet assay to erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus with the aim of improving protocols to detect DNA damage in these cells, by using two distinct pHs (pH = 12.1 and pH > 13) and evaluating whether there is a correspondence between silver and ethidium bromide staining. Comets were visually examined and, the frequency of cells with and without damage was obtained, as well as the distribution of classes and scores. By using the Kruskal-Wallis test, our results revealed that pH 12.1 is more effective, although both pHs can be used. Our findings also suggest that silver staining can substitute ethidium bromide, an expensive and highly toxic stain that requires specific equipment for examination.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artisanal fisheries of the Xingu River basin in Brazilian Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08) NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; ALMEIDA, Morgana Carvalho de; CRUZ, Rivetla Edipo Araujo; NUNES, José Leocyvan Gomes
The present study characterises the commercial fisheries of the basin of the Xingu River, a major tributary of the Amazon River, between the towns of Gurupá (at the mouth of the Amazon) and São Félix do Xingu. Between April, 2012, and March, 2014, a total of 23,939 fishing trips were recorded, yielding a total production of 1,484 tons of fish, harvested by almost three thousand fishers. The analysis of the catches emphasizes the small-scale and artisanal nature of the region’s fisheries, with emphasis on the contribution of the motorised canoes powered by “long-tail” outboard motors. Larger motorboats operate only at the mouth of the Xingu and on the Amazon. Peacock bass (Cichla spp.), croakers (Plagioscion spp.), pacu (a group containing numerous serrasalmid species), aracu (various anostomids), and curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) together contributed more than 60% of the total catch. Mean catch per unit effort was 18 kg/fisher–1.day–1, which varied among fishing methods (type of vessel and fishing equipment used), river sections, and time of the year. In most cases, yields varied little between years (2012 and 2013). The technical database provided by this study constitutes an important resource for the regulation of the region’s fisheries, as well as for the evaluation of future changes resulting from the construction of the Belo Monte dam on the Xingu River.