Artigos Científicos - FARM/ICS

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Alcalóides de Aspidosperma auriculatum Standl
(2003) BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; TAVARES, Isabel Cecília de Castro; SOARES, Daniela Cristina
Species from genus Aspidosperma show the presence of indol alkaloids. From Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schlecht quebracacidine was obtained1, from A. olivaceum. Schmutz and Hunziker2 isolated olivacine, among others substances. This work reports the determination of the chromatographic profile of alkaloid fractions from Aspidosperma auriculatum, by Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. At the Brazilian state Pará this plant species has the vernacular name carapanaúba and is traditionally indicated to heal fever and others affections and also malaria. The plant material - stem bark - was extracted with hydrochloridric acid 5%. Three principal alkaloid fractions were extracted at pH 7, pH 8 and pH 11, which were analysed in suitable systems showing characteristic profiles
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Análise farmacognóstica das folhas de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt., Bignoniaceae
(2010-05) ALVES, Mauro Sérgio Marques; MENDES, Patrizia Cardoso; VIEIRA, Janaína Gell de Pontes; OZELA, Eliana Ferreira; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra
Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt. is a Bignoniaceae widely used in the popular medicine as anti-inflammatory and astringent agent, and for some illnesses as intestinal colic, diarrhoeas, anaemia and diseases of the skin. Its biological properties and dye biosynthesis lead the species to be used in the cosmetic industry. The use of natural products of vegetal origin implies in pharmacognostic quality control and purity assays that compose the technical specifications of the material. Therefore, the anatomical description of mature and young leaves of A. chica was carried through the use of optic microscopy on histological preparations. The leaves are hipostomatic and dorsiventral with heterogeneous mesophile. In petiole, the epidermis is unistratified, it contains trachoma and it is endowed with thin cuticle. The pharmacopoeia assays included the determination of the grain size distribution of the plant drug, the determination of humidity and the total ashes, beyond the phytochemistry approach of tincture, to establish parameters for its quality control.
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Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Hypericum brasiliense (Willd) standardized extract
(2008-09) PERAZZO, Fabio Ferreira; LIMA, Leonardo Mandalho; PADILHA, Marina de Mesquita; ROCHA, Leandro Machado; SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; CARVALHO, José Carlos Tavares
The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the standardized leaves extract (HBSE) of Hypericum brasiliense (Guttiferae) were evaluated in animal models. Male Wistar rats were treated with H. brasiliense extract (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) in 3% Tween 80 0.9% saline solution. The treatment of the edema induced by carrageenin with HBSE (500 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition when compared to the control group. At this dose, the edema decreased by 31.25% in the third hour after treatment (edema peak), but the dose of 50 mg/kg has inhibited the edema by 53.13% (p < 0.05). At the dose of 50 mg/kg, the decrease of the edema induced by dextran was similar to that caused by cyproheptadine. The decrease of the formation of granulomatous tissue (6.6%) was comparable to the control group. The HBSE inhibited the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid. At a dose of 50 mg/kg, the inhibition of the abdominal constrictions (46.4%) was comparable to that produced by indomethacin (42.9%). A dose of 250 mg/kg inhibited these constrictions by 70.66% when compared to control (p < 0.001). In the hot-plate test, an increase in the latency time was observed at a 50 mg/kg dose. These data suggest that HBSE has anti-inflammatory activity on acute process, developed principally by arachdonic acid derivates and analgesic effect due to its probable involvement in the Central Nervous System.
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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae, oil
(2011-02) FAVACHO, Hugo Alexandre Silva; OLIVEIRA, Bianca R.; SANTOS, Kelem Costa dos; MEDEIROS, Benedito Júnior Lima de; SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; PERAZZO, Fabio Ferreira; CARVALHO, José Carlos Tavares
The oil of the fruits of Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae (OEO), was evaluated in models of inflammation and hyperalgesia in vivo to study its effects on these conditions. The experimental models contained the writhing test in mice, rat paw edema, granuloma test in rats, vascular permeability in rats, cell migration to the peritoneal cavity in rats and ear erythema induced by croton oil in mice. Doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg of OEO were administered orally. The observed number of writhes was inhibited by 33.67, 45.88 and 55.58%, respectively. OEO produced a dose-dependent effect, with linear correlation coefficient R=0.99 (y=0.0219x+23.133), and the median effective dose found was 1226.8 mg/kg. The oral administration of 1226.8 mg/kg of OEO inhibited carrageenan-induced edema by 29.18% (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. The daily administration of OEO for six days inhibited the formation of granulomatous tissue by 36.66% (p<0.01). In ear erythema induced by croton oil, OEO presented a significant inhibition (37.9%). In the vascular permeability test, treatment with OEO decreased the response to histamine, inhibiting vascular permeability by 54.16%. In carrageenan-induced peritonitis, OEO reduced the number of neutrophils migrating compared to the control group by 80.14%. These results suggested that OEO has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, probably of peripheral origin and linked to prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition.
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Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa leaf and its major constituent piperitenone oxide in mice
(2009-07) SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; LINARD, Cybelle Facanha Barreto Medeiros; BATISTA, Danilo de Azevedo; OLIVEIRA, Ariclécio Cunha de; SOUZA, Andrelina Noronha Coelho de; CARDOSO, José Henrique Leal
Mentha x villosa Huds (Labiatae) is an aromatic herb widely used in folk medicine. Since the essential oil of the herb has many pharmacological activities, including antispasmodic effects, we determined whether the oil and its major constituent, piperitenone oxide (PO), have antinociceptive activity. The essential oil of M. x villosa (EOMV) and PO administered orally at 200 mg/kg (vehicle: 0.1% Tween 80 in water) significantly reduced the writhings induced by acetic acid from control values of 59.5 ± 3.1 s (N = 10) to 31.9 ± 2.8 s (N = 10) and 23.8 ± 3.4 s (N = 10), respectively. When administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg, EOMV reduced the paw licking time for the second phase of the formalin test from the control value of 20.6 ± 2.1 s (N = 13) to 5.3 ± 2.2 s (N = 12) and 2.7 ± 1.2 s (N = 18), respectively. At 100 and 200 mg/kg, PO reduced this second phase to 8.3 ± 2.7 s (N = 12) and 3.0 ± 1.2 s (N = 10), respectively. This effect of EOMV and PO was not reversed by naloxone. EOMV and PO had no significant effect on the first phase of the formalin test. As evaluated by the hot-plate and tail immersion test, EOMV and PO, at doses up to 200 mg/kg, showed no analgesic activity. These results show that EOMV and PO have antinociceptive activity and suggest that this effect is probably an indirect anti-inflammatory effect, which does not involve the central nervous system.
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Arrabidaea chica (HBK) Verlot: phytochemical approach, antifungal and trypanocidal activities
(2008-12) BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; PINTO, Lucianna do Nascimento; QUIGNARD, Etienne Louis Jacques; VIEIRA, José Maria dos Santos; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; ALBUQUERQUE, Sérgio de
Arrabidaea chica (HBK.) Verlot (Bignoniaceae) vernacular name "Pariri", is a climbing shrub, widespread from South Mexico to Guyana and central Brazil and is traditionally indicated to treat symptoms of inflammations and skin affections. Its ethanol extract was chemically investigated and tested against yeasts and dermatophytic fungi. The trypanocidal activity of the same extract was also evaluated. This work reports the isolation of three flavonoids, the total growth inhibition of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and a significant trypanocidal effect of the ethanol extract and its fractions. No relevant acute toxicity was detected even at a dose of 1000 mg/kg
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Avaliação toxicológica do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L.
(2008-06) SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; BARROS, Carlos Augusto Lima; ROCHA, José Carlos da Silva; LIRA, Denisléia Sertão; MONTEIRO, Gisele Muniz; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares
The aim of this work was the acute and subacute toxicological evaluation of the essential oil of Piper aduncum with the determination of the LD50 in mice and the analysis of their hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. The plant is used in the Amazon folk medicine for several diseases and the phenylpropanoid dilapiolle is the main constituent of its essential oil, possessing insecticidal, fungicidal, bactericidal, larvicidal and molluscicidal properties. The LD50 was 2.400 ± 191.7 mg/kg. The essential oil did not change the hematological and biochemical parameters in a significant manner when compared with the control in the subacute treatment, excepting the reduction of creatinine. The LD50 and the hematological and biochemical results have suggested that the essential oil presents low toxicity.
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Caracterização físico-química e análises por espectrofotometria e cromatografia de Peperomia pellucida L. (H. B. K.)
(2013) SILVA, Rosali Maria Ferreira da; RIBEIRO, Jeane Francisca Alves; FREITAS, Manolo Cleiton Costa de; ARRUDA, Mara Silvia Pinheiro; NASCIMENTO, M.N.; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; ROLIM NETO, Pedro José
The aim of this study was the physical chemical characterization of the powder and the tincture, and the chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis of the Peperomiapellucida L. (H. B. K.) dry extract. The methodology followed the Farmacopeia Brasileira IV ed., except for the chemical prospection, the chromatographic profile obtained and the spectrophotometry of the dry extract, and determination of dried residues. The chemical prospection revealed the presence of foaming saponins; reducing sugars; proteins and amino acids; phenols; tannins; flavonoids; steroids and triterpenoids; depsideos and depsidones. The best profile from TLC for flavonoidic fraction was obtained with methanol/formic acid (90:10 v/v). HPLC confirmed the presence of 3 ‘,4’,7-tri-methoxyflavone in the dry extract of the plant material. The results obtained in this work should contribute for the determination of specifications for a future monograph on Peperomia pellucida L. (H.B.K.)
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Clinical applications and methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone
(2014-10) OLIVEIRA, Fábio Rodrigues de; PESSÔA, Mariely Cristine Amador; ALBUQUERQUE, Rosyana de Fatima Vieira de; SCHALCHER, Taysa Ribeiro; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas
Dapsone is a synthetic sulfone that is used as an antibiotic in humans and animals to prevent and treat diseases including leprosy, tuberculosis, malaria, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients as well as in anti-inflammatory conditions, such as dermatitis herpetiformis. However, this drug is also associated with several adverse effects, including dose-related hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, psychosis, peripheral neuropathy, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hypersensitivity syndrome, sulfone syndrome, and others. Of these effects, methemoglobinemia is the most common side effect of dapsone, which leads to functional anemia and cellular hypoxia with symptoms of cyanosis, headache, fatigue, tachycardia, weakness, and dizziness. Thus, this review summarizes relevant information on the structure, mechanism of action, clinical indication, and adverse reactions of dapsone.
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Determination of myricetin derivatives in Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Chrysobalanaceae)
(2006-09) BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; PERES, Amiraldo; GALLORI, Sandra; VINCIERI, Franco Francesco
The flavonoidic fraction composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Chrysobalanaceae) leaves, which are largely used in the traditional medicine in Northern Brazil to control the glycaemia of diabetic patients, was characterised. Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide (miricitrin) and quercitrin, among other minor myricetin derivatives, were evidenced by HPLC/DAD and HPLC/MS analysis
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Documentação e valorização da fitoterapia tradicional Kayapó nas aldeias A'Ukre e Pykanu - Sudeste do Pará
(2003) BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; PINTO, Lucianna do Nascimento
In the beginning of 1996 researchers from the program Poverty and Environment in Amazon visited the Kayapó villages A'Ukre and Pykanu in the southern of Pará State - Brazil These expeditions also aimed to rescue the kayapó phytotherapeutical tradition in the villages and to identify plant species with pharmaceutical potential. Six shamans were interviewed with translation three at each village. The shaman presented fiftythree different plants from, which twenty had elucidated their botanical identification on basis of photography
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Estudo preliminar da atividade antiinflamatória de Bryophillum calycinum Salisb
(2005-03) SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; ROCHA, José Carlos da Silva; PESSÔA, Alexandre Mendes; ALVES, Luiz Artur Dias; CARVALHO, José Carlos Tavares
The acute toxicity (LD50) and the anti-inflammatory effect of the crude freeze-dried aqueous extract of the leaves of Bryophillumcalycinum Salisb. (EBALBc) was evaluated, on the rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and dextran. The dose of 500 mg/kg (p.o) inhibited the paw edema induced by dextran in a significative manner (p < 0.05, ANOVA, Student Newman-Keuls test) 60 and 90 minutes, after stimulus while only the oral dose of 1 g/kg of EBALBc inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenin. The results indicated an anti-edematogenic effect of the extract when tested on the paw edema induced by dextran and carrageenin, suggesting larger specificity of action on the edema induced by dextran. The EBALBc administered orally, in the doses of the 0.1 to 8 g/kg, it did not cause death, making impossible to determine the LD50.
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Factors associated with non-adherence to the treatment of vivax malaria in a rural community from the Brazilian Amazon Basin
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04) ALMEIDA, Eduardo Dias; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes
Introduction: We investigated the association between demographic and behavioral factors and non-adherence to antimalarial therapy. Methods: A demographic questionnaire and 5-item self-reported questionnaire regarding non-adherence were completed by 135 patients after treatment for Plasmodium vivax. Results: Treatment interruption, but not demographic factors, was significantly associated with non-adherence to therapy. The likelihood of non-adherence was 5.16 times higher when the patients felt better than when they felt worse. The relative risk of parasitic resurgence was 3.04 times higher in non-adherent patients. Conclusions: Treatment interruption is significantly associated with treatment adherence.
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Flavonóides de Cissus verticillata e a atividade hipoglicemiante do chá de suas folhas
(2002) BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; SANTOS, Wallace Raimundo Araujo dos; PINTO, Lucianna do Nascimento; TAVARES, Isabel Cecília de Castro
Cissus verticillata, a Vitaceae very used in the traditional medicine in Pará and Minas Gerais State – Brazil, was investigated in order to validate its indication for the hyperglycaemia control. The aqueous extract reduces the normal glycaemia of male white Wistar rats in about 19.5 %. The hypoglycaemic effect of this extract could be related to the flavonoids found in the preparation. Luteolin, Kaempferol and Luteolin-3'-sulphate could be isolated from the aqueous extract after acid hydrolysis. Cissus
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Impact of health legislation on the sale of anorectics in a city in the Amazon region
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-06) CASTRO, Luana Valéria da Silva; FARIAS JUNIOR, Gilvo; TEIXEIRA, Francisco Martins; VIEIRA, José Ricardo dos Santos; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz
OBJECTIVES: The International Narcotics Control Board released its 2005 annual report, highlighting the Brazil population as one of the largest consumers of anorectics. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency issued the resolution RDC 58/2007 in order to control the prescription and sale of such drugs. In Belém, the biggest city in the Brazilian Amazon region, this resolution came into force in 2008, leading to inspections of drugstores and magistral pharmacies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the consumption of psychotropic anorectic drugs and the impact of RDC 58/2007 on the prescription and dispensing of anorectics in drugstores and magistral pharmacies in Belém. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective quantitative and descriptive study was conducted of records from the Municipal Department of Health Surveillance of Belém, for 2005 to 2008. The differences in findings were regarded significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 1,641 balance sheets of drugstores and magistral pharmacies were analyzed. Amfepramone was the most dispensed medication, followed by fenproporex and mazindol. The highest consumption of anorectics occurred in magistral pharmacies. In 2008, there was a significant reduction in dispensing of anorectics, in drugstores as well as in magistral pharmacies. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there was a decrease in the dispensing of anorectics after RDC 58/2007 came into force, and that the magistral pharmacies dispensed more of these drugs. This resolution is a remarkable tool in health control, where it is of great benefit to public health and contributes substantially to the rational use of medicines in Brazil.
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In vitro antimalarial activity of six Aspidosperma species from the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil)
(2012-12) DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; OLIVEIRA, Salma Gomes de; PERES, José M.; NASCIMENTO, José M. S.; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; OLIVEIRA, Alaíde Braga de
Ethnomedicinal informations point to some Aspidosperma species (Apocynaceae) as antimalarial plants in Brazil and have motivated the evaluation of six species which were collected in the state of Minas Gerais: A. cylindrocarpon Müll. Arg., A. parvifolium A. DC., A. olivaceum Müll. Arg., A. ramiflorum Müll. Arg., A. spruceanum Benth. ex Müll. Arg. and A. tomentosum Mart.. A total of 23 extracts of different plant parts in different solvents were assayed in vitro against chloroquine-resistant (W2) and chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. All the extracts were shown to be active with IC50 values in the range of 5.0 ± 0 2.8 µg/mL to 65.0 ± 4.2 µg/mL. TLC profile of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids in the six species assayed. These results seem to confirm the popular use of Aspidosperma species to treat human malaria in Brazil and seem point to alkaloids as the putative active compounds of the assayed species.
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Metemoglobinemia em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax em uso oral de primaquina
(2011-02) FERREIRA, Michelli Erica Souza; GOMES, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes
Primaquine can produce adverse reactions as toxicity to blood when used in the treatment of vivax malaria. This work aimed to determine methemoglobinemia in patients with vivax malaria receiving oral therapy with primaquine. Methods: Spectrophotometric quantification of methemoglobinemia and qualitative assay for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results: Methemoglobinemia ranged from 2.85 to 5.45% in male patients and 3.77 to 7.34% in female patients. Conclusions: A statistically significant increase in methemoglobinemia was observed following oral therapy with primaquine, with no clinical manifestations, and independent of sex and the qualitative expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Methemoglobinemia and dapsone levels in patients with leprosy
(2010-06) VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; RIVERA, Juan Gonzalo Bardález; MARTINS, Ana de Nazaré Silva; SILVA, Jorge Pereira da; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes
The objective of this work was to determine the methemoglobinemia and correlate with dapsone levels in multibacillary leprosy patients under leprosy multi-drug therapy. Thirty patients with laboratory and clinical diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy were enrolled. Dapsone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and methemoglobinemia by spectrophotometry. The mean dapsone concentrations in male was 1.42 g/mL and in female was 2.42 g/mL. The mean methemoglobin levels in male was 3.09 µg/mL; 191%, and in female was 2.84 ± 1.67%. No correlations were seen between dapsone levels and methemoglobin in male and female patients. Our results demonstrated that the dosage of dapsone in leprosy treatment does not promote a significant methemoglobinemia.
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Moderada endemicidade da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico-T humano na região metropolitana de Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10) SILVA, Ingrid Christiane; PINHEIRO, Bruna Teles; NOBRE, Akim Felipe Santos; COELHO, Jaciana Lima; PEREIRA, Cássia Cristine Costa; COVRE, Louise de Souza Canto; ALMEIDA, Camila Pâmela Santos de; VIANA, Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida; ALMEIDA, Danilo de Souza; RIBEIRO, Jairo Falcão; SANTOS, Yago Costa Vasconcelos dos; ARAÚJO, Marcos William Leão de; BORGES, Mariza da Silva; NASCIMENTO, Lisandra Duarte; VALENTIM, Lorena Saldanha; CASSEB, Jorge Simao do Rosario; COSTA, Carlos Araujo da; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de
The spread of the HTLV infection in families living in the metropolitan area of Belém, Pará, Brazil, and the lack of studies in the general population requires studies to better understand its prevalence in the region. Methods: An anti-HTLV-1/HTLV-2 antibodies test was carried out on random adults in public places in Belém between November 2014 and November 2015. A proviral DNA test detected if the person was infected, and then a clinical evaluation and an intrafamilial investigation were carried out. Results: Of the 1059 individuals being investigated, 21 (2.0%) had seroreagent samples, 15 (1.4%) had HTLV-1, 5 (0.5%) had HTLV-2, and proviral DNA was undetectable in one case. The mean age of the infected people (57.2) was higher than that of those that were uninfected (46.2) (p = 0.0010). The prevalence of infection increased with age, especially in individuals with a family income equal to or less than a minimum wage. Intrafamilial transmission seems to have occurred in all of the families being studied. Among the patients with HTLV-1, 30% (3/10) already had some symptom related to the infection. Discussion: The increase in prevalence rates according to age may be due to late seroconversion of a previously acquired infection, or the cumulative risk of new infections, especially in women. Conclusion: There was a moderate prevalence of the HTLV infection among adult individuals from the metropolitan area of Belém, with a predominance of HTLV-1. This infection was associated with low income and increasingly older women. It also presented intrafamily spread and negligence in the diagnosis of associated diseases.
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Plant-derived antimalarial agents: new leads and efficient phythomedicines. Part I. Alkaloids
(2009-12) OLIVEIRA, Alaíde Braga de; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; BRAGA, Fernão Castro; JÁCOME, Rose Lisieux Ribeiro Paiva; VAROTTI, Fernando de Pilla; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins
Malaria remains one of the most serious world health problem and the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the endemic regions. Brazil is among the 30 high-burden countries and most of the cases occur in the Legal Amazonian Region. New chemotherapeutical agents are needed for the treatment of malaria. Many plant species are used in traditional medicines of malarious countries and a relatively few number of these have been investigated for evaluation of their antimalarial effect. Still lower is the number of those that have had the active natural compounds isolated and the toxicity determined. This area is, then, of great research interest. discovery project of antimalarial natural products from plants traditionally used to treat malaria must include in vitro and in vivo assays as well as bioguided isolation of active compounds. The final products would be antimalarial chemical entities, potential new drugs or templates for new drugs development, and/or standardized antimalarial extracts which are required for pre-clinical and clinical studies when the aim is the development of effective and safe phythomedicines. This review discusses these two approaches, presents briefly the screening methodologies for evaluation of antimalarial activity and focuses the activity of alkaloids belonging to different structural classes as well as its importance as new antimalarial drugs or leads and chemical markers for phytomedicines.