SIBI! EM BREVE O RIUFPA ESTARÁ LIBERADO! AGUARDEM!

Artigos Científicos - FEC/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2789

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 29

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Static limit analysis of reinforced soil structures by a simple finite element and second-order cone programming
(Associação Brasileira de Ciências Mecânicas, 2017) CAVALCANTE, Eric Luis Barroso; LUCENA NETO, Eliseu; SODRÉ, Denilson José Ribeiro
To discretize reinforced soil structures in plane strain and predict their collapse load, a simple three-node triangular finite element is formulated based on the static theorem of the limit analysis. The element satisfies the equilibrium equations and the mechanical boundary conditions in a weak sense. A modified Mohr-Coulomb yield surface is adopted to describe the reinforced soil behavior from a macromechanics point of view. It is also taken into account the possibility of tension failure of the reinforcement and failure of the reinforcement interface. The stated nonlinear convex optimization problem is cast as second-order cone programming. Numerical examples illustrate the predictive accuracy of the above scheme as well as the efficiency and speed of an interior-point method to reach optimal solutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experimental analysis of the efficiency of steel fibers on shear strength of beams
(Associação Brasileira de Ciências Mecânicas, 2016-07) GOMES, Lana Daniele dos Santos; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; MORAES NETO, Bernardo Nunes de; MEDEIROS, Adelson Bezerra de; MACÊDO, Alcebíades Negrão
The efficiency of steel fibers for shear strength of reinforced concrete beams is assessed. Four beams were evaluated: control consisted of one beam without any steel fibers and three beams with reinforced concrete with steel fibers. All beams were reinforced for shear strength by a minimum reinforcement rate. The influence of fiber content added to concrete, at 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.0%, and the possibility of partial or total replacement of conventional shear reinforcement (stirrups) by steel fibers were evaluated. Results showed a significant increase in ductility and stiffness of the beams with steel fibers and, consequently, changes in the failure mode were observed, of shear (control beam) to flexure behavior (beams with steel fibers).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da cinza de caroço de açaí residual para adição ao concreto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05) CORDEIRO, Luciana de Nazaré Pinheiro; PAES, Isaura Nazaré Lobato; SOUZA, Paulo Sérgio Lima; AZEVEDO, Caroline Menezes
Environmental problems are a reality in today's world and are associated with urban and population growth, with little or no planning. The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and generator of solid waste. Thus, it is interesting to think of a way to incorporate materials that are now considered waste, to the constructive process and reduce the consumption of natural materials. In this section, we have the ashes of açaí stone, residue of ceramic kilns, that today do not present an adequate destination. Thus, this research has the main objective to characterize residual ash of açaí (CCAR), in order to make possible its reuse as an input of the civil construction. In order to achieve this objective, a milling study was carried out in order to determine the optimum material processing time, characterization from the chemical, physical and mineralogical point of view, and the pozzolanic potential analysis to evaluate the residual ash reactivity. The results show that ash has physical characteristics that allow it to be used as an addition to concrete. There was a decrease in the axial compressive strength and an increase in the water absorption of concrete with additions, in relation to the reference concrete. In spite of these effects, a certain densification of the cementitious matrix was observed, probably due to the variation of the particle size that may provide greater compactness with optimization of grain packing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Behavior prediction models and control charts for safety control of concrete dams
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) LOPES, Romulo Antonio Chaves; SANTOS, Eurípedes Pinheiro dos; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes
This paper presents a study for improving measurement procedures on concrete dams based on the development of behavior prediction models using multiple regression and control charts. The series of displacements of the TA-2 concrete block crest of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, the largest Brazilian hydroelectric power plant, was taken as an example of application. The methodology that was used generated a behavior prediction model that is in good agreement with the measured displacements. Two types of control charts were tested, both of which identified the change in structural behavior of the block.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Global stability analysis of reinforced concrete buildings using the γ z coefficient
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-10) VIEIRA, Vitor Vinicius dos Santos; RODRIGUES JÚNIOR, Sandoval José; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes
Global stability analysis is becoming increasingly important in the design of reinforced concrete buildings, especially in the slender ones, due its sensitivity to lateral displacement. The loss of stability is usually associated with the intensity of the second order effects and, in that sense, the gamma-z (γz) coefficient is an important evaluation parameter for this problem. This work aims to verify the γz efficiency as a global stability parameter based on the buckling load factors of the structures and their respective critical buckling modes. To this purpose, a comparative analysis is performed in several idealized structures, from which an approximate equation for calculating the critical load factor based on the γzcoefficient is obtained. This equation was verified by numerical analysis of Finite Elements Method models of real reinforced concrete buildings. It was concluded that the proposed equation presents satisfying results within a certain range of γz.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Lajes lisas nervuradas de concreto armado ao cisalhamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10) SOUZA, Shirley do Socorro Melo de; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The structural systems with waffle flat slabs are the most used in Brazil when the main requirement is flexible "layouts" and long spans with reasonable economy. However, few studies have been developed in Brazil regarding the behavior of these slabs when the flexural resistance is satisfactory and the shear in the ribs and punching resistances become competitive. This work shows the experimental analysis of 8 two-way reinforced concrete waffle flat slabs under centered load. The dimensions of the slabs were the same and equal to 1800 mm x 1800 mm x 140 mm. The ribs were 80 mm (height) by 50 mm (width) and the compressive concrete strength was approximately 40 MPa. The experimental results were compared to those estimated by the Brazilian code NBR 6118:2003. It was verified that the resistance of the ribs is not satisfactorily estimated by the code, which excessively underestimates the results for ribs with and without shear reinforcement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise estática e dinâmica de uma ponte ferroviária em concreto armado localizada na Estrada de Ferro Carajás
(Instituto Brasileiro do Concreto, 2010-09) TEIXEIRA, Ritermayer Monteiro; AMADOR, Sandro Diord Rescinho; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
This work presents results of static and dynamic analysis carried out on 593 m length bridge along Carajás railroad in Maranhão state. The bridge's behavior became important due to some changes over the static and dynamic loads once the future train will be heavier. Thus, a mathematic model was developed using the finite element method basis to evaluate its behavior and "in loco" structural moni- toring to get data as strains and vibrations when the trains go through. Several high precision accelerometers and strains gauges were placed along the slab, beams and columns. Numerical and experimental results are shown and the main conclusions validating the applied methodology are presented as well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento de pilares em edifícios altos de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06) NAHUM, Kelly Ataide Rodrigues; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The structural behavior simulated by computer programs can be very different from reality, once the adapted loading distribution (regular) is far from the real one, and this disparity becomes more significant in high buildings because of vertical and horizontal actions which contribute to the global effects of second order for columns, making accuracy in the calculation of great importance for the stability of the overall structure. In this work are presented loads for a high building simulated using the commercial software CAD/TQS and the loads from the monitoring of 7 columns that received 3 extra bars along their height in two levels before concreting. In the steel bars were set electric strain gages to measure the strains. The data acquisition was performed through 1 module “Spider” that gets and stores the read- ings. The measurements were executed in periods previously chosen until the end of the structure building, including upper reservoir. The computation loads for the columns were satisfactory when compared to the loads from the strains and characteristic mechanical properties of the materials.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Punching resistance of internal slab-column connections with double-headed shear studs
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10) OLIVEIRA, Marcos Honorato de; PEREIRA FILHO, Manoel José Mangabeira; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; MELO, Guilherme Sales Soares de Azevedo
Punching shear is a brittle failure mode that may occur in slab-column connections, which may be prevented by using shear reinforcement in the slab-column connection. This paper presents comparisons between experimental results of 36 tests in internal slab-column connections with double- headed shear studs, which are largely used in North America, Europe and Asia, with theoretical results using recommendations presented by ACI 318, NBR6118, Eurocode 2 and also the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT).Considering the database used it is possible to observe that ACI 318 presents conservative trends, whereas NBR 6118 showed a low coefficient of variation, but with a large number of unsafe results. Both Eurocode 2 and CSCT showed satisfactory results with Eurocode 2 presenting slightly higher performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete footings: evaluation of design codes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04) SANTOS, Douglas Freitas Augusto dos; LIMA NETO, Aarão Ferreira; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina
Punching is a possible failure mode for slender footings and it may lead a structure to ruin through progressive collapse. Although footing present different geometric characteristics, their punching shear design is based on the empirical methods used for flat slabs. This paper uses experimental results from 216 tests to evaluate the performance of design code recommendations presented by ACI 318 (2014), ABNT NBR 6118 (2014) and Eurocode 2 (2010) to estimate the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete footings. Great dispersion between theoretical and experimental results was observed, being evident that the test system affects the punching shear capacity of footings. The more complex method proposed by Eurocode 2 resulted in a better correlation with experimental results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The Collapse of Real Class building
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04) RIBEIRO, Renan José da Costa; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
This paper describes the scene of the Real Class building collapse, a residential building with reinforced concrete structural system and located in the urban area of the city of Belem / PA, occurred in 2011. The unconformities found in the building are displayed using data extracted from reports and verification of structural and architectural designs. The data was compared with the Brazilian code for reinforced concrete structures, NBR 6118 (2007), valid at the time of the accident. The security of the building was evaluated through a computer model with linear analysis with the software used by the designer. The conditions of the structural system designed and as built was evaluated with parameters of global stability and load capacities of columns and foundations. The results showed that the structure of the building was subject to large displacements and the sections of columns were unable to resist the stresses produced by regional wind actions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatigue lifetime of a RC bridge along the Carajás railroad
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10) SANTOS, Régis Rivo Ferreira dos; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the results obtained with a methodology used to characterize the concrete and to evaluate the structural safety against fatigue of the reinforced concrete bridge number 50A located in the Carajás railroad. An “in situ” inspection was carried out in order to assess the evolution of damage in structural elements, with reference to information available in existing projects, calculation memory and reporting of previous inspections. Extractions of concrete testimonies, alkalinity tests, sclerometry, pacometry and laboratory tests were also performed to characterize the materials mechanically and estimate the structural behavior of the bridge under higher future loads.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Punching strength of reinforced concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10) SACRAMENTO, Paulo Victor Prazeres; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; MELO, Guilherme Sales Soares de Azevedo
Punching strength is a critical point in the design of flat slabs and due to the lack of a theoretical method capable of explaining this phenomenon, empirical formulations presented by codes of practice are still the most used method to check the bearing capacity of slab-column connections. This paper discusses relevant aspects of the development of flat slabs, the factors that influence the punching resistance of slabs without shear reinforcement and makes comparisons between the experimental results organized in a database with 74 slabs carefully selected with theoretical results using the recommendations of ACI 318, EUROCODE 2 and NBR 6118 and also through the Critical Shear Crack Theory, presented by Muttoni (2008) and incorporated the new fib Model Code (2010).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Lajes lisas nervuradas bidirecionais com furos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08) MATEUS, Gustavo Menezes; AGUIAR, Amaury José Oliveira de; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The position of pipes and hoses for several installations still deserves special attention from designers mainly when the failure mode can be modified due to changes in behavior. This work compares experimental results of six two-way reinforced concrete ribbed flat slabs with rectangular holes close to the column and without shear reinforcement with the estimates obtained from codes ACI 318 and NBR 6118 equations. All slabs were casted and tested in the Civil Engineering Laboratory of UFPA and had dimensions of 1.800 mm x 1.800 mm x 150 mm and were submitted to central loading applied through 120 mm side square steel plates simulating the columns. EPS was used as inert material and the ribs were spaced 250 mm with 130 mm height and 75 mm average wide. The results showed that the codes’ shear equations estimates agree when the ribs are considered as beam and also for punching shear, but trend to be safer when the slabs present two shafts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resistência ao cisalhamento de lajes nervuradas unidirecionais de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08) SOUZA, Wallace Maia de; CAETANO, Thiago Rodrigues Gonçalves; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The shear strength of one-way reinforced concrete ribbed slabs without stirrups in the ribs is still controversial when its estimate does not consider the contribution of the monolithic flange. To contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of these slabs were fabricated in the laboratory 8 one-way reinforced concrete ribbed slab panels where the main variables were the distance between the ribs and the thickness of the flange. The normative recommendations of NBR 6118, ACI 318 and EUROCODE 2 for the ultimate resistance of these slabs were evaluated. The experimental results showed an increase of shear strength with increasing thickness of the flange, also resulting in greater reinforcement strains and higher deflections.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Structural assessment of a RC Bridge over Sororó river along the Carajás railway
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) MATOS, José Cristino Lima de; BRANCO, Vitor Hugo Lopes; MACÊDO, Alcebíades Negrão; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
The Carajás railway is operated by Vale SA and is used to transport the Brazilian production of iron ore mine located in the state of Pará until Itaqui harbor in Maranhão state. With 892 km in length, the railway will be doubled due to the prospect of increased production, which requires verification of the structures of bridges to ensure safety under loading up to 23% larger. The railway bridge in reinforced concrete has five hyperstatic spans with 25 m long and was built over Sororó river in the southeast of Pará. To better evaluate its structural performance under current loadings, several structural elements were monitored with strain gages and the concrete was characterized by non-destructive and destructive testing on the structure. This information was used in a computer model to estimate the future structural behavior. The methodology was satisfactory as the estimated structural performance for future loadings, meeting the recommendations of the Brazilian technical standards.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Weighing in motion and characterization of the railroad traffic with using the B-WIM technique
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08) CARVALHO NETO, José Alves de; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes
The knowledge on the active moving load of a bridge is crucial for the achievement of the information on the behavior of the structure, and thus foresee maintenance, repairs and better definition of the logistics of its active vehicles. This paper presents the development of the algorithms for the application of the Bridge-Weigh In Motion (B-WIM) method created by Moses for the weighing of trains during motion and also for the characterization of the rail traffic, allowing the obtainment of information like passage's train velocity and number and spacing of axles, eliminating the dynamic effect. There were implemented algorithms for the determination of the data referring to the geometry of the train and its loads, which were evaluated using a theoretical example, in which it was simulated the passage of the train over a bridge and the loads of its axles were determined with one hundred percent of precision. In addition, it was made a numerical example in finite elements of a reinforced concrete viaduct from the Carajás' Railroad, in which the developed system reached great results on the characterization and weighing of the locomotive when the constitutive equation of the Brazilian Standards was substituted by the one proposed by Collins and Mitchell.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influence of the column rectangularity index and of the boundary conditions in the punching resistance of slab-column connections
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) PAIVA, Odilson da Silva de; FERREIRA, Maurício de Pina; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; LIMA NETO, Aarão Ferreira; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy
Experimental evidence indicates that both the column rectangularity index and the boundary conditions of the connection may affect the ultimate punching resistance. This paper presents general aspects of these topics and, through the analysis of experimental results of tests on 131 slabs, evaluates the accuracy and suitability of recommendations presented by ABNT NBR 6118, Eurocode 2, ACI 318 and fib Model Code 2010. Experimental results showed that the security level of normative estimates trend to reduce as the column rectangularity increases, and in some cases, the punching resistance was overestimated. Finally, adjustments are suggested in equations presented by NBR 6118 and MC2010 in order to eliminate this trend of unsafe results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influence of the cable´s layout on the shearing resistance of prestressed concrete beams
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10) SOUZA JUNIOR, Orivaldo de Azevedo; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
Little information on experimental investigations regarding the influence of the prestressing forces in the shear resistance of prestressed beams is found in the technical literature. Thus, it was experimentally evaluated the shear resistance of six post-tensioned prestressed concrete beams with cross section of (150 x 450) mm2, total length of 2400 mm and concrete’s compressive resistance of 30 MPa, with the variables of this work being the layout of the prestressing cable, straight or parabolic, and the stirrups geometric rate. Verticals displacement, steel and concrete’s strains and a comparison of the experimental loads with the estimates of ACI 318, EUROCODE 2 and NBR 6118: 2014 codes are presented and discussed. The results showed that the cable’s parabolic layout increased the beams’ shear resistance in up to 16% when compared to beams with straight cables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise computacional do fenômeno de transferência de calor em paredes divisórias do tipo dry wall
(2007-06) ALVES, Maurício Coelho; BATISTA, Eduardo de Miranda
The present work aims to give a contribution to the study of cold–formed steel members under fire condition. Specifically, the heat transfer in light steel framed walls with or without thermal insulation was studied. For this, computational models are applied to obtain, with acceptable precision, the values of temperature in any position of the structural system. In this way, it will be possible to describe the temperature distribution (uniform or non–uniform) over the cross–section of the studs that constitute the panel, giving subsidies for stability and pos–buckling analyses of the structural members. The numerical simulations of heat transfer are developed with the aid of computational programs ABAQUS and SAFIR, both based on the finite element method.